thursday, march 24, 2011 objective: students will be able to classify using the six kingdoms....

Thursday, March 24, 2011

Objective: Students will be able to classify using the six kingdoms.

Bellringer:

Explain how a dichotomous key works, and its purpose.

(Explain yesterday’s lab in your own words.)

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Thursday, March 24, 2011last chance to view BR - 1 min


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Thursday, March 24, 2011 Bellringer Review


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AGENDA:1. BR

2. Notes: Taxonomy

3. Work Time: Classification Practice Problems

HOMEWORK:1. Complete Shark

Dichotomous Key Lab

2. Complete Classification Practice Problems

Taxonomy

The science of naming organisms.

Older Classification System:Aristotle Plant or animal? If an animal, does it

– Fly– Swim– Crawl

Simple classifications Used common names

Newer Classification System:Carolus Linnaeus Described organisms with two word

names, instead of polynomials Developed binomial nomenclature

– First word = genus name– Second word = species name

Why binomial nomenclature?

Much easier than a 10+ word name under old “polynomial system”

Same name no matter where you go Less confusion Binomial = SCIENTIFIC NAME

Some Scientific Names to Know

Homo sapiens = modern human Canis lupus = gray wolf Felis domesticus = common cat Pan paniscus = bonobo chimpanzee

Taxonomic hierarchy

Names organisms and their relationships from very broad to very specific

All organisms classified in a hierarchy Kingdom (broadest) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (most

specific)

King Phillip Came Over For Gooey Spaghetti

Extra Credit Assignment:

Look up the classification for humans for all seven hierarchies and write them below.1. Kingdom:

2. Phylum:

3. Class:

4. Order:

5. Family:

6. Genus:

7. Species:

What is a species anyway?

Biological species concept– A group of actually or potentially breeding

natural groups that are reproductively isolated from other groups.

» Ernst Mayr, 1924

BSC’s problems– Hybrids

• Sterile offspring of two different species

– Asexual organisms

How many are out there?

Scientists currently estimate that– There are 10 million species worldwide– Over 5 million live in the tropics– Most unnamed species are small or

microscopic

Why is taxonomy useful?

Helps prevent confusion among scientists

Helps to show how organisms are related

Can be used to reconstruct phylogenies – evolutionary histories – of an organism or group

Cladograms

Graph showing when different groups diverged from a common ancestral line

Points where they diverge are often noted with a feature that was different between ancestral group and a “new” feature in the group that split off.

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Vertebrate Cladogram

The 6 kingdoms

Prokaryotes (Used to be 1 kingdom, Monera)– Archaebacteria– Eubacteria

Eukaryotes– Fungi– Protista– Animal– Plantae

Overview of the 6 kingdoms

Archaebacteria (old bacteria)– Prokaryotic– Unicellular– Live in extreme environments

Eubacteria (new bacteria)– Prokaryotic– Unicellular– “Common bacteria”


Protista (Ex: euglena, amoeba)– Eukaryotic– Unicellular or colonial– Lots of different life styles

Fungi (Ex: mushrooms, decomposers)– Eukaryotic– Multicellular– Cell walls made of chitin– Heterotrophs (don’t make own food)


Plantae– Eukaryotic & Multicellular– Cell walls made of cellulose– Autotrophic (make own food)

Animalia– Eukaryotic & Multicellular– No cell walls– Heterotrophs (don’t make own

food)


AGENDA:1. BR

2. Notes: Taxonomy

3. Work Time: Classification Practice Problems

HOMEWORK:1. Complete Shark

Dichotomous Key Lab

2. Complete Classification Practice Problems

thursday, march 24, 2011 objective: students will be able to classify using the six kingdoms....

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