thursday dec 12 th, 2013 1)test 2)asst: (a) guided notes on work, power, and energy pp: 256-265, pp...

Thursday Dec 12th, 2013

1)Test2)Asst: (a) Guided Notes on work,

power, and energy pp: 256-265, pp 284-301

Friday Dec 13th

1. Turn in stuff…a. momentum HW packetb. Experiment Write-upsc. New 2-dim HW problem (Name & Date!!)d. ______________________________

2. Organize binders: J & p old now. (Next binder check will be ___________)

3. Lecture notes 4. Asst: parts A and B on asst sheet

– READ THE HINTS!! Check your answers!!

Work, Energy, Power Note – this unit looks VERY similar to the last unit:• In that unit you had 2 basics equations:• (1) J = F t = p, • or if the impulse was zero (as it is in a closed & isolated

system), then: (2) p initial total = p final total

• So now, just like the impulse-momentum theorem, we have the work-energy theorem: (3) W = F d = E

• And just like we had the conservation of momentum in a closed & isolated system, we now have the conservation of energy when the net work done is zero: (4) E initial total = E final total

• So, you will have both of those types of math-problems to solve on the test, as well as many conceptual problems again.

• (But note things are slightly more complicated this time, as the F d, written & pronounced “F dot d” is a special type of multiplication, and there is more than one type of energy!)

W = F d = E• Let’s talk about just the middle part of that equation…• It is NOT normal multiplication; • It is said as “Work equals F dot d”, where d is displacement.• The “dot” means that only that component of the force that

is in the direction of the displacement can be used when calculating work.

• This means that 90% of the time, W = F d = F d cos . But in a few problems, if a weird angle is given to you, it MIGHT be a sine, so be careful!

• Similarly, if the force and displacement are in opposite directions, the work will be negative.

• If the force and displacement are perpendicular, the work will be zero.

• examples: slide a book along the floor & carry a book ...• The unit for work is the Joule [J].

P = W / t = F v• In the high school textbook, it is most common to use P = W / t, but there are a few problems that require

P = F v• (The third part comes from making W = F d and then

dividing by time.)• It is said as “Power is F dot v”, where v is velocity.• The “dot” means that only that component of the force

that is in the direction of the velocity can be used when calculating power.

• Similarly, if the force and velocity are in opposite directions, the power will be negative.

• If the force and velocity are perpendicular, the power will be zero.

• The unit for power is the Watt [W].

Start your HW….Parts A &

B on sheetOOPS! 2.0 x 103 W

Monday Dec 16

1. Warm-Up / Pop Quiz on “ Work”

2. Questions on HW

3. Go over Guided Notes (up to #23) in red pen

4. Quick Lecture notes on …

5. Asst: parts C and D (but cross out #69, answer to #75b = 89 m) on asst sheet

W = F d = E …revisited:• NOTE – the textbook is WRONG here. It says Work

equals the change in kinetic energy, but Work is really the change in over-all energy.

• High school problems are sometimes:

W = F d = KE = KEF – KEI = ½mvF2 ½mvI

2

• BUT, sometimes those problems are instead:

W = F d = PE = PEF – PEI = mghF mghI

Work done: Why? Energy change? Simple Examples:

+ F & d same dir increase(a) Pull or push something (even at an angle) …

increases KE(b) Raise or lift something … increases PE

F & d opp dir decrease(a) Friction … decreases KE(b) Lower something … decreases PE

0

F & d are perpend; or no net force by

anything other than gravity

none overall/total

(a) You carry something … energy stays constant(b) Something falls … energy is conserved: PE → KE(c) Something rises … energy is cons: KE → PE

**Let’s talk about throwing or dropping things: YOU do no work after the release!

There are other types of energy than those listed in the last slide:

• KE and PE are both types of what we call “mechanical energy”, which is the only type of energy we physicists care about.

• There is also the potential energy of a spring, which is a type of mechanical energy too, but that high school textbooks don’t talk about much.

• There are other types of non-mechanical energies, such as chemical energy, heat or thermal energy, light energy, sound energy, etc.

• Fact: The TOTAL amount of energy in the universe is a constant.• Confusion: We say in the W-E equation, that Energy could either

increase or decrease. • Understand: Physicists speak only about mechanical energy.

When they say “energy is not conserved (because work was done)” what they really mean, but are too lazy to say, is “mechanical energy is not conserved (because work was done), and it was changed into or came from other types such as chemical, thermal, light or sound energy.” (You see how much harder that is to say? Physicists are inherently lazy!)

Work, Energy, Power continued...

• KE = ½mv2

• PE = mgh

• Kinetic energy has the symbol KE

• Gravitational potential energy has the symbol PE

• Both are also measured in Joules [J].

HERE ARE THE EQUATIONS YOU NEED ONE MORE TIME:

W = F d = E E initial total = E final total P = W / t = F v ( PE = mgh & KE = ½ mv2 )

Specifically:(a) W = F d = ½mvF

2 ½mvI2

Or (b)W = F d = mghF mghI

Start your HW….Parts C &

D on sheet

54) actually = 130,000 J

Tuesday Dec 17

1. Questions on last nights HW? • Turn in …..

2. Go over more Guided Notes (#24-31)3. Quick Lecture Notes:

• Conservation of energy problems • (HW part E -next slide)

• “15-story problem” • (HW part F – 3rd next slide)

4. Bill Nye “Energy” 5. ASST: parts E and F on asst sheet

E initial total = E final total

• This is a statement of the conservation of energy. • If net Work done = 0, then by the equations in previous slides,

Etotal also equals zero.• Since Etotal = E final total E initial total = 0, then we will write E initial total

= E final total on top of all of our HW problems that use the conservation of energy.

• For high-school problems, that means we have:

(PEinitial + KEinitial) = (PEfinal + KEfinal)• Usually in high-school problems either

– the KEinitial & PEfinal are both zero (when an object is falling), or – the PEinitial & KEfinal are both zero (when an object is being thrown up)

• So you can usually set up problems as: – PEinitial + 0 = 0 + KEfinal, i.e.: PEinitial = KEfinal when falling, or– 0 + KEinitial = PEfinal + 0, i.e.: KEinitial = PEfinal when rising

HW tonight parts E & F

Part E has good hints, its part F we want to talk about next …. (see next slide)

A 6-kg squirrel is dropped from the top of a 15-story building. At the top of each floor, find the following. (Assume each story is 3.5 meters

high.)Floor Height

(m)PE

(J)

TOTAL

Energy (J)

KE

(J)

vel

(m/s)

floor x 3.5

= mgh energy is conserved

T - PE KE = ½ mv2

15

14

13

.....

1

0

Get out your HW paper, and we’ll

do a few rows together …

Wednesday Dec 18

1. Go over more Guided Notes (#32-34)– Moved to later day

2. Lecture notes on Collisions3. Asst: Elastic collisions #1-6 TWO

different ways: • (b) as stated – they BOUNCE & are

perfectly “elastic”• (a) NOT as stated, but the two things STICK

together after the collision as they did in the last unit; called “inelastic”. (but only do this way for #’s 1&2, 5&6)

Elastic & inelastic collisions:• **ALL collisions – elastic & inelastic – conserve momentum.• **Elastic collisions also conserve (mechanical) energy.• **Inelastic collisions don’t conserve (mechanical) energy. (Energy

goes in through chemicals or springs; energy comes out through heat and sound)

• IT is a FACT that the total amount of energy in universe stays same. (Conservation of Energy you learned about in Chem class.)

• So, for elastic & inelastic, we physicists actually mean MECHANICAL energy - just PE + KE. (That’s why I put the parentheses around “mechanical” up above, because its true, but physicists are often lazy and don’t say it specifically.)

• In inelastic collisions the chemicals, springs, heat & sound are just OTHER forms of energy. So energy DOES stay constant in the whole universe total.

• So even inelastic collisions conserve energy, just not the mechanical types we are talking about / care about in this unit, and are really the most important types in Physics.

• **Elastic collisions are usually “bouncing” collisions, inelastic are usually explosions or “sticking” collisions.

Example: A 3.2-kg block is traveling EAST with a speed of 11 m/s. It collides with a 4.8-kg block traveling WEST at 5.0 m/s. What will be the speeds of these two blocks after the collision if it is perfectly/completely (in)/elastic?

• First, let’s do this the old way (stick/inelastic) with chapter 9 conservation of momentum stuff only, where most collisions stuck together:

• (**old way from last chapter)

• p I total = p F total: m1v1I + m2v2I = (m1 + m2)vF

• (3.2 kg * 11 m/s) + (4.8 kg * 5.0 m/s) = (3.2 + 4.8 kg)*vfinal

• Solve for vfinal = ...

• .... = 1.4 m/s

Example: A 3.2-kg block is traveling EAST with a speed of 11 m/s. It collides with a 4.8-kg block traveling WEST at 5.0 m/s. What will be

the speeds of these two blocks after the collision if it is perfectly elastic?

• Now, we do it with the new way where they bounce and the collision is “completely elastic” as the new instructions say:

(**new way part 1)pI total = pF total: m1v1I + m2v2I = m1v1F + m2v2F

(3.2 kg * 11 m/s) + (4.8 kg *5.0 m/s) = (3.2 kg * v1F) + (4.8 kg * v2F)

• “elastic” means energy is also conserved. But remember, when a physicist says energy, they usually mean “mechanical energy”, so we mean PE + KE. But, collisions usually always all happen on the same level/height, so the PE all stays at the same level, which we’ll deem our reference level, which we can just call zero. Thus, what we really mean for an elastic collision is:

(**new way part 2)KEI total = KEF total: ½m1v1I

2 + ½m2v2I2 = ½m1v1F

2 + ½m2v2F2

(½ * 3.2 * 112) + (½ * 4.8 *(-5.0)2) = (½ * 3.2 * v1F2) + (½ * 4.8 * v2F

2)

Of the 3 algebraic methods we talked about to solve eqs, substitution is messy (very!) and we can’t use matrices because

these are not both equations of lines. So, we must use the graphing method. Thus, let x = v1F and y = v2F and solve both

equations for y with as few parentheses as you can get away with :

pI total = pF total

(3.2 kg * 11 m/s) + (4.8 kg *5.0 m/s) = (3.2 kg * x) + (4.8 kg * y)becomes…

y1 = ( 3.2*11 + 4.8*5.0 3.2x )/4.8(only use 1 parenthesis when doing this,

and simplify NOTHING!!!)

KE I total = KE F total

(½ * 3.2 * 112) + (½ * 4.8 *(-5.0)2) = (½ * 3.2 * x2) + (½ * 4.8 * y2)becomes…

y2 = (( .5*3.2*112 + .5*4.8*5.02 .5*3.2x2 )/( .5*4.8))(only use 3 parentheses when doing this,

and simplify NOTHING!!!)

1 pt4 pts

1 pt4 pts

4 pts

4 pts

Example: A 3.2-kg block is traveling EAST with a speed of 11 m/s. It collides with a 4.8-kg block traveling WEST at 5.0 m/s. What will be

the speeds of these two blocks after the collision if it is perfectly elastic?

• y1 = ( 3.2*11 + 4.8*5.0 3.2x ) / 4.8• y2 = (( .5*3.2*112 + .5*4.8*5.02 .5*3.2x2 )/( .5*4.8 ))• y3 = y2 (do not type in y2 all over again, use the y2 “button”)• I put the subscripts y1 and y2 there because that’s how your TI will

show them. But, you’ll also need to do eq y3, because TI’s won’t calculate the bottom of the circle/ellipse without this little help. (You can find y2 in vars / y-vars / function.)

• When you graph it, do a -20 to 20 window for both x and y.• Find the intersect of the line and circle/ellipse, by doing...• 2nd Calc, Intersect, 1st curve, 2nd curve, guess.• There are actually 2 intersections. You should find them both and

get: 8.2 m/s & 7.8 m/s; and 11 m/s & 5.0 m/s• It turns out the second intersection (of the two I have written above)

is the exact same answers as the originally velocities, and thus not physically possible, so the other intersection is the correct answer.

• Note: you only have to do # 1 and 2 on the worksheet the “old way”. See hints and stuff on the assignment ditto itself.

Elastic collisions #1,2,5,6 TWO different ways ... (b) as stated – they are perfectly elastic, and (a) NOT as stated, but the two things STICK together after the

collision, called “inelastic”. (but only for #’s 1 & 2, 5 & 6)#3&4 as it says on the worksheet only.

HW #1: A 1.6-kg block is traveling east with a speed of 5.5 m/s. It collides with a 2.4-kg block traveling EAST at 2.5 m/s. What will be the speeds of these two blocks after the collision if it is perfectly elastic?

#1 :

OLD WAY = INELASTIC = ONLY MOMENTUM CONSERVED (usually stick) …..

pI total = pF total

(1.6 kg * 5.5 m/s) + (2.4 kg * 2.5 m/s) = (1.6 kg + 2.4) vfinal

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NEW WAY = ELASTIC = BOTH MOMENTUM & KE CONSERVED (usually bounce) …..

pI total = pF total

(1.6 kg * 5.5 m/s) + (2.4 kg * 2.5 m/s) = (1.6 kg * x) + (2.4 kg * y)becomes…

y1 = ( 1.6*5.5 + 2.4*2.5 1.6x )/2.4


(½ * 1.6 * 5.52) + (½ * 2.4 * 2.52) = (½ * 1.6 * x2) + (½ * 2.4 * y2)becomes…

y2 = (( .5*1.6*5.52 + .5*2.4*2.52 .5*1.6x2 )/( .5*2.4))

#2 :


pI total = pF total


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


pI total = pF total


y1 = ( 1.6*5.5 + 2.4*2.5 1.6x )/2.4


(½ * 1.6 * 5.52) + (½ * 2.4 * 2.52) = (½ * 1.6 * x2) + (½ * 2.4 * y2)becomes…

y2 = (( .5*1.6*5.52 + .5*2.4*2.52 .5*1.6x2 )/( .5*2.4))

#3 :


DON’T DO THIS ONE THIS WAY! (They won’t “stick”)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


pI total = pF total

(220 g * 45 m/s) + (46 g * 0 m/s) = (220 g * x) + (46 g * y)becomes…

y1 = ( 220*45 + 46*0 220x )/46


(½ * 220 * 452) + (½ * 46 * 02) = (½ * 220 * x2) + (½ * 46 * y2)becomes…

y2 = (( .5*220*452 + .5*46*02 .5*220x2 )/( .5*46))

#4 :


CAN’T DO THIS ONE THIS WAY! (They explode apart!)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


pI total = pF total

(1 kg * 0 m/s) + (2 kg * 0 m/s) = (1 kg * x) + (2 kg * y)becomes…

y1 = (1*0 + 2*0 1x)/2

KE I total + 60 Joulesgiven to system= KE F total

(½ * 1 * 02) + (½ * 2 * 02) + 60 = (½ * 1 * x2) + (½ * 2 * y2)becomes…

y2 = (( .5*1*02 + .5*2*02 + 60 .5*1x2 )/( .5*2))

#5-6 Don’t forget to do these too!• (5 & 6 you will do inelastic also, 7&8 we’re skipping.)• I STRONGLY encourage you to make sure you can use

your calculator! Don’t just copy the answers off the sheet, but make sure YOU can get them yourself given a TI calculator! Many students do NOT know how to find the intersection correctly!

• Some answers:

5) #1 REDO (sticking/inelasti/old way answer = 7.4 m/s & new "elastic" way answers = ?? m/s and 12.2 m/s)

6) Supposed to say #2 REDO (sticking/inelastic/old way answer = NEGATIVE ?? m/s

& new "elastic" way answers = -10.## m/s and 0.## m/s)

Thurs Dec 19th

1. Hand in and pass out a few things:• **quickly talk about squirrel’s velocity• IN: Guided Notes, assts A-B, C-D, E-F - if haven’t yet• OUT: Study Guide (Merry Christmas!)

2. Experiment: Work & Energy • ONE person records data in Excel & send to all three homes

3. Asst a: Make sure collisions done• 25% of the test! Come in for help!!!!!

4. Asst b: HAND-Written Introduction-Procedure for experiment write-up (see webpage/email for write-up hints)

BINDERS DUE TOMORROW

Experiment: Proving the “Work=change-in-mechanical-energy” theorem

• Spring scale parallel to incline• Dynamics cart goes up with

constant speed!• Measure height CORRECTLY as

shown in figure at right

• Instead of recording data in a sheet of paper, as instructions say…– One peson log in & open “Work-

Eenergy 2011” excel template– Type in all data as working– When finished, email that file home to

all lab members

Friday Dec 20

1. Collect Collisions; put Momentum assts in old section, take out W-E study guide, then ….

2. Binders due!!3. Get a book and start …4. Asst: Concepts, due Mon when we get back:

• (See list & hints on back of Study Guide!)

– Page 265 #17, 21-23– Page 278 #36-38**, 44-46**, 89*****– Page 292 #12, 14a(no bar graph)&b: – Page 301 #22:– Page 305 #30&32** together, 33-35**, 36, 38, 39**&46, 51**,

52, 88

5. MAKE SURE YOUR WRITE-UP is DONE up to & including the Procedure; we will stamp this Monday when we return!

Mon Jan 6Welcome Back!

1. Equation Review – lecture notes2. Quiz – elastic & inelastic collision

• I will stamp your write-ups as you are doing this!

3. Go over some Concepts in red pen **(23, 38, 89; 22, 30&32, 34, 35, 51)

4. Asst:(a) Work on ch 10/11 review packet (due Wed, so

you have 2 nights; YES WRITE ON IT!!)Note – whole experiment write-up due this Thurs (asst Wed

night is to finish); unit TEST is this Friday (in 4 days!).

Quickie equation review LECTURE NOTES

1. The dot product part of: W = F d = E • If F & d in opp dir, work negative• If F & d perpendicular, work = zero• If F & d at some weird angle, use cosine

2. Power: P = W / t = F v3. The work-energy theorem in high-school problems can be

either of these two equations: • W = F d = KE = KEF – KEI = ½mvF

2 ½mvI2

• W = F d = PE = PEF – PEI = mghF mghI

4. Conservation of energy problems in high school can be either of these two equations:

• PEinitial + 0 = 0 + KEfinal, i.e.: PEinitial = KEfinal when falling• 0 + KEinitial = PEfinal + 0, i.e.: KEinitial = PEfinal when rising

5. Inelastic & Elastic collisions (see next slide)

Dec lecture notes REVIEW, add point distribution to those notes:


pI total = pF total


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


pI total = pF total


y1 = ( 1.6*5.5 + 2.4*2.5 1.6x )/2.4


(½ * 1.6 * 5.52) + (½ * 2.4 * 2.52) = (½ * 1.6 * x2) + (½ * 2.4 * y2)becomes…

y2 = (( .5*1.6*5.52 + .5*2.4*2.52 .5*1.6x2 )/( .5*2.4))

5 pts total

+ 4 pts for both coordinate pair

answers (with units), 1 pt for knowing

which answer valid, 24 pts TOTAL

Tues Jan 7

**Remember – experiment data was done in Excel the day of the lab, and that person was to email it to all three partners’ homes to print out! Write-up due Friday!

1. Go over yesterday’s quiz

2. Finish going over really important and/or confusing concepts as needed

• #23, 38, 89; 22, 30&32, 34, 35, and 51specifically

3. Take another quiz

4. Asst: Complete review packet (due TOMORROW, please write on it!)

Wed Jan 81. Hand back stamped/checked Concepts questions2. Go over yesterday’s quiz (COME IN FOR HELP ON COLLISIONS!)

• Note about quick checks for elastic collision:• (a) is the other (“ghost”) answer the starting velocities?• (b) IF YOU HAVE TIME (not so quick check), and you DO simplify the y=

equations, do you get the same answers?3. Go over review packet in red pen & turn in4. Asst (a): Redo these 4 problems: p278 #58, 61; p307 #75, 775. Asst (b): get Concepts Key from webpage & finish grading yours

in red pen (we will look for corrections when we collect it!)6. Asst (c): finish the W-E Write-up - which is on your test …

• You must bring it to class tomorrow to be stamped again• Make sure your data is attached• Note about R&C: Results are: “The work done on the dynamics cart was

shown to be equal to its change in energy with an average percent error of ____”

TEST Friday!Next week: Study for comprehensive (covers everything in Physics

August-January) FINAL Jan 22-24

Thurs Jan 91. Hand out Friday’s HW (copy both days schedules!)2. Questions on 4 HW problems???3. Read (fill-in?) STUDY GUIDE; ASK QUESTIONS!

• **Work-Energy experiment?; squirrel?

4. Practice test• Stamp EXPERIMENT write-ups again…

5. Asst: STUDY! (re-read Guided Notes or see key online, download Concepts Key & go over, go through Study Guide & do the problems, look at Review Packet, etc)

Next week: Study for comprehensive (covers everything in Physics August-January) FINAL Jan 22-24

Look at Study Guide

1. Test (make sure your calc is in degrees!)

2. Finals REVIEW HW packet page 1; use old notes and assts to …

(a) vectors P4 and P8 (only) with both the graphical AND the component method; (#4 use “set1” in 0-360 degrees, #8 uses “set2” in NWSE system)

(b) speed & velocity problems listed on review ditto (go back & look at old assts & notes if you must!!)

Fri, Jan 10

Mon, Jan 13If you have a D or F in Physics, this week is a good time to talk to

parents/counselors about whether you want to stay 2nd semester!

1. Work on Standards packet together ...1(a-d, e=skip, f/g/l, h), 2, 3 together

2. REVIEW ASST:a) kinematics (ditto A – you may select any 3 problems; ditto

D – do #5, 7, 9, 11)& (b) projectiles (do either 4 or 5 from BOTH types) AND …do the projectiles questions at the bottom: • Angles give maximum range, same range? • Range & time on Jupiter vs moon? • vel and accel on way up, at top, on way down in both x

and y**Did you answer the question(s) about equilibrium on the

weekend’s HW???

Tues Jan 14If you have a D or F in Physics, this week is a good

time to talk to parents/counselors about whether you want to stay 2nd semester!

1. Anything not turned in yesterday? (W-E asst sheet)

2. Label review HW so far (A, B, C, etc)– Did you do everything listed on pages 1 &

2??3. Continue work on Standards In-Class

packet4. REVIEW HW:

• Fill in Standards down left hand-side of entire In-Class review sheet

• Page 3 of HW Review packet: Newton’s Laws & FVD

Wed Jan 15 & Thurs Jan 16 & Fri Jan 171. in-class Standards packet2. Organize binder for check (W-E old; only review stuff = current) 3. Start looking at old tests3. HW Wed: “Circles Review” last page of In-Class sheet (answer every

question the best you can, leave nothing blank!)4. HW Thurs: page 4 of HW Review Packet

5. Weekend HW: print out finals study guide, which is the 8th you should have in your binder; MAKE NOTECARDS FOR STUDYING! (Bring them in Tuesday!)

Tues Jan 211. Hand out ch 14 Guided Notes2. Look at final format / sample question3. Organize binders – ALL review material in Current Section (only)4. Any last minute questions? / whiteboard challenge? 3. HW: STUDY!

Wed- Fri Jan 22-241. Final2. ALL review HW & in-class work due, plus review packet (put it all in

the “Current Section” of your binder; that’s all that should be in there!3. Binders due (last check of semester)4. HW: Guided Notes to chapter 14 “Waves”

**Email me if you have questions!) **Final is about 18% of your grade!

thursday dec 12 th, 2013 1)test 2)asst: (a) guided notes on work, power, and energy pp: 256-265, pp...

Documents