thunderstorms and lightning -...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Thunderstorms and Lightning
What is a thunderstorm and how does it work?
Why does lightning occur and what are the properties of lightning?
How do thunderstorms affect the Global Circuit?
![Page 2: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is a thunderstorm?
• Differential surface heating• warm, moist updraft• vigorous convection• ice-ice interaction
charge separation• vertical separation• Lightning!
(figure courtesy of NMT)
![Page 3: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What happens when warm, moist air rises?
• water in the air freezes• the heat that was in the water goes into heating the
air, making it less dense (hot air rises)• this keeps the air warmer than it would be without
the water• so it goes to much higher altitude than warm but
DRY air.• This process drives vigorous atmospheric
convection
![Page 4: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Rain Shaft
anvil
Updraftregion
Mature Thunderstorm
![Page 5: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Updraft/downdraft
Why does the updraft rotate?Conservation of angular momentum
![Page 6: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Spandar radar contours
![Page 7: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How do thunderstorms charge up?
• Charge is separated when two kinds of ice have a collision
• kinds of ice: snowflakes and ice crystals, soft ice, hail stones, frozen rain (sleet), ...
• Each has different surface electrical properties
ice crystal
-
+hail
updraft
![Page 8: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
thunderstorm charge structure
109
to1011
volts!
![Page 9: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pilot in F106 fighter during lightning strike
![Page 10: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Lightning locations in Storm
![Page 11: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
horizontal lightning out the side of the cloud
>10 km
![Page 12: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Global LightningWWLL networkUW is a node(data from last Sunday)
Lightning NetworksNLDN – NationalLightning DetectionNetwork(data – last summer)
![Page 13: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rockets
In-situ Instrumentation
Balloons
![Page 14: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
NASA Thunderstorm rocket launched in 1996
![Page 15: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
UW satellite Lightning Detector for C/NOFS
satellite to be launched September 2005
LD/VEFI/C/NOFS UW Team: Holzworth, McCarthy, Chin
![Page 16: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1
Thunderstorms and Lightning
What is a thunderstorm and how does it work?
Why does lightning occur and what are the properties of lightning?
How do thunderstorms affect the Global Circuit?
What is a thunderstorm?
• Differential surface heating• warm, moist updraft• vigorous convection• ice-ice interaction
charge separation• vertical separation• Lightning!
(figure courtesy of NMT)
What happens when warm, moist air rises?
• water in the air freezes• the heat that was in the water goes into heating the
air, making it less dense (hot air rises)• this keeps the air warmer than it would be without
the water• so it goes to much higher altitude than warm but
DRY air.• This process drives vigorous atmospheric
convection
![Page 17: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2
Rain Shaft
anvil
Updraftregion
Mature Thunderstorm
Updraft/downdraft
Why does the updraft rotate?Conservation of angular momentum
Spandar radar contours
![Page 18: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
3
How do thunderstorms charge up?
• Charge is separated when two kinds of ice have a collision
• kinds of ice: snowflakes and ice crystals, soft ice, hail stones, frozen rain (sleet), ...
• Each has different surface electrical properties
ice crystal
-
+hail
updraft
thunderstorm charge structure
109
to1011
volts!
Pilot in F106 fighter during lightning strike
![Page 19: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
4
Lightning locations in Storm
horizontal lightning out the side of the cloud
>10 km
Global LightningWWLL networkUW is a node(data from last Sunday)
Lightning NetworksNLDN – NationalLightning DetectionNetwork(data – last summer)
![Page 20: Thunderstorms and Lightning - miningquiz.comminingquiz.com/pdf/Lightning_Safety/Thunderstorms_and_Lightning... · Global Circuit? What is a ... UW satellite Lightning Detector for](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022423/5a9dfa6d7f8b9ada718c02eb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
5
Rockets
In-situ Instrumentation
Balloons
NASA Thunderstorm rocket launched in 1996
UW satellite Lightning Detector for C/NOFS
satellite to be launched September 2005
LD/VEFI/C/NOFS UW Team: Holzworth, McCarthy, Chin