Thunder on the Left

• Father Charles Coughlin: National Union for Social Justice)

• Dr. Francis Townsend: National Old Age Pension)

• Huey Long: Share Our Wealth

• Upton Sinclair: End Poverty in California (EPIC)

Coughlin & Long

Townsend & Sinclair

Second New Deal

• Social Security Act of 1935• Banking Act of 1935• Public Utility Holding Company Act• Wealth Tax Act• Wagner Act--National labor Relations Board– (Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938)

• Agriculture: Resettlement Admin. (1935-37: Rexford Tugwell); Farm Security Admin. (1937-42)

Referendum on the Second New Deal

Candidate FDR (D) Alf Landon W. Lemke (U) Popular Vote 27,752,869 16,674,665 882,479

Electoral Vote 523 8

Percentage 60.8 36.5 1.9

Congressional MajoritiesSenate: Dems: 76 Reps: 16House: Dems: 331 Reps: 89

1936 Election by State

1936 Election by County

Triumph of Urban Liberalism

• Dem. Plurality in Nation's 12 Largest Cities

1928 Election 1932 Election 1936 Election

30,000 1,791,0003,479,000

FDR wins 104 of the 106 U.S. cities with over 100,000 population

End of the New Deal (Death?!)A) Supreme Court Packing Plan Anti-New Deal Decisions Pro-New Deal DecisionsSchecter (Sick Chickens), 1934 West Coast Hotel Co., 1937Butler v. U.S., 1936 Jones and Laughlin, 1937Morehead, 1936 Helvering, 1937

• • B) Roosevelt's Identity with Labor

Memorial Day Massacre, 1937 Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) Sit-Down Strikes

• C) 1938 Recession (Roosevelt Recession)

• D) Congressional Elections of 1938 (FDR's "Purge" effort)

Legacies of the New Deal

• FDIC• SEC• Farm Aid• Social Security System• National Labor Relations BoardNewt Gingrich’s Contract for America, 1994Tea Party (ies?), 2008-10