T hT h Wh t i ? H IWh t i ? H ITeacher:Teacher: What is your name? How can I What is your name? How can I help you?help you?

St d tSt d t II R hR h I h hI h hStudent:Student: I am I am RohanRohan. . I have come here I have come here for Admission for 1for Admission for 1stst PUC.PUC.

T hT h DD hh A li tiA li tiTeacher:Teacher: DoDo you have you have anan ApplicationApplicationform?form?

St d tSt d t YY I d H it iI d H it iStudent:Student: Yes,Yes, I do. Here it is.I do. Here it is.Teacher:Teacher: What do you father, mother What do you father, mother  do?do?St d tSt d t M f th iM f th i ii i KEBi KEBStudent:Student: My father is My father is anan engineerengineer in KEBin KEB

andand my mother is my mother is aa homemakerhomemaker..

Teacher:Teacher: Do you have any brothers and Do you have any brothers and sisters?sisters?sisters?sisters?

Student:Student: Yes, I have Yes, I have aa younger brotheryounger brother and and anan elder sisterelder sister..anan elder sisterelder sister..

Teacher:Teacher: So you are So you are thethe second childsecond child to to your parents. Well, I’llyour parents. Well, I’ll arrangearrangeyour parents. Well, I llyour parents. Well, I ll arrange arrange forfor anan interviewinterview withwith thetheprincipalprincipal.. Kindly wait for 5Kindly wait for 5principalprincipal. . Kindly wait for 5 Kindly wait for 5 minutes.minutes.

Student:Student: Thank you madam.Thank you madam.Student:Student: Thank you madam.Thank you madam.

We all know that there t t f A ti l

INDEFINITE DEFINITE

are two types of Articles.INDEFINITE

ARTICLEDEFINITE ARTICLE

tha / an the

a / an means one .i h   f  h  i   d b f  Either of these is used before 

singular, countable ,common noun. 

( A b  i   itti       h i  ( A boy is sitting on a chair, with a Laptop before him!)

(She is Sana.She is eating an ice‐cream)She is eating an ice cream)

OOther Examplesa boy an apple

fla flower an anta garden an elephant

h la hat an eaglea classroom an inkpot

ia computer an ice-creama house an orange

ia room etc… an opportunity a horse an umbrella

ha nest etc…. an usher etc….

Wh t d      b  ‘ h ’? What do you mean by ‘usher’? 

  h i    an usher is someone who shows people 

h hWhere to sit in a theatre or at a formal event.

d b f h h la / an is used before nouns which are singular, countable and common. In the sense ‘a/an’ 

 ‘ ’   ‘   ’ (  i    /    f means ‘one’ or ‘any one’ (one in many / one of many).E.g., Please get me a chair.

I had an Idli and a Vada for breakfast. /   i   l   d b f     difi  (lik  a / an is also used before noun modifiers (like 

adjectives in positive degree which describe nouns)

E.g., An expensive chair.A big Idli and a small vadaA big Idli and a small vada

Examples using Examples usingExamples using‘a’ before consonants

Examples using‘an’ before vowels

a good boy an antique piece,a beautiful flower an annual salarya big garden an eloquent speecha costly hat an efficient teachera spacious classroom an intelligent persona new computer an important eventa marvellous house an ordinary girla pessimistic person an optimistic boya lovely day an unknown place a small room etc… an unlucky woman

etc…

‘ ’One should use ‘a’ before consonantal sounds and ‘an’ before

vowel sounds. Vowel: V l i t l l tt It iVowel: Vowel is not merely a letter. It is

related to sound . Any sound you make with no obstruction of air is called vowel.

Consonant: Any sound you makeConsonant: Any sound you make with obstruction of air is called consonant.

Now look at the use of articles ‘a’ and ‘an’below.

Examples Examplesa handsome boy an honest persona harsh voice an hour and a halfa hectic schedule an honourable persona European , a ewe (ju:) an elementary levela university professor an untidy rooma university professor an untidy rooma unique character an unsolved question paper a monkey an M.P., an M.B.A a B.A an M.Aa unity an IAS officer a one rupee coin an onion vendor pa one-legged man an orientation programmea one-sided game an obedient student

 / Note: a / an is used before collective nouns also.

A bunch of keys.A team of players A swarm of beesA jury of judges A battalion of soldiers A crowd of people

fl k f hA flock of sheepA herd of cattle

fli h f iA flight of stairsA cluster of eggs etc….

Generally, no articles are used before uncountable nounsuncountable nouns.

E.g., 1. King Solomon was known f i d ’for wisdom.’2. She poured oil into the bowl. Did   d i k  ?3. Did you drink water?

4. Children need love and care. 5. Justice delayed is justice denied. 

But here is an exception: 

1. I have a headache. But still I gave him an assurance that I’d attend the party. 

2. She has a cold and a fever.3. There is a severe pain in my back.4. Please, don’t make a noise. 5. There was a disturbance when the lecture was going on.  

USE OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ‘th ’USE OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ‘the’ When there is the use of ‘the’, both the speaker

d li h ld b f h ifiand listener should be aware of the specific thing or things referred to.

specific thing(s)

‘th ’ i d b f‘the’ is used before lakes, rivers,seas

the names of and oceans

holy books

f b ildifamous buildings, wonders of the world

newspapers,trains desertstrains, deserts,directions, titles‘the’ is used

before the names

musical instruments.of

5 ‘th ’ i d b f l ti d5. ‘the’ is used before superlatives and before ordinal numbers.

E.g., The best, the tallest, the most d tdangerous…etc

The first, the second, the third, th f th tthe fourth…etc

6 ‘th ’ i d d b i6. ‘the’ is used as an adverb in a comparative form.

E th th b tt th f tE.g., the sooner the better, the faster you go the quicker you reach.

7. The + singular noun can represent a class of animals or things.class of animals or things.

E.g., The tiger is our national animal. The refrigerator has made life easier forThe refrigerator has made life easier for

housewives. Note: when ‘man’ represents the humanNote: when man represents the human

race, no article is taken / used.

8. The + adjective represents a class of persons. E.g., the old, the rich, the youthpersons. E.g., the old, the rich, the youth etc..,

The Green Apple & the red apple.         pp

The Principal

The Father of  N ti                              Th  Skour Nation                             The Sky

Now name these things

Now name these things

MatchMatch the groups of words under A and B to the groups of words under A and B to make acceptable sentences:make acceptable sentences:

AA BBHe is an One – piece swimsuit

She is playing the Tennis nowShe is playing the Tennis now

We buy fish by A kilo

She is in a  Honestman

He is playing Violin nowHe is playing Violin now

Fish sells at Rs. 10/‐ The kilo

MatchMatch the groups of words under A and B to the groups of words under A and B to make acceptable sentences:make acceptable sentences:

AA BBHe is an One  piece swimsuitHe is an One – piece swimsuit

She is playing the Tennis now

We buy fish by A kilo

She is in a  HonestmanShe is in a  Honestman

He is playing Violin now

Fish sells at Rs. 10/‐ The kilo

Complete the sentences using one of the following words. Use Complete the sentences using one of the following words. Use a/ana/an where necessary:where necessary:a/an a/an where necessary:where necessary:

Biscuit Biscuit Blood Blood  Coat   Coat    Decision   Decision   ElectricityElectricity Key  Key   Question  Question   SugarSugar

1)1) It wasn’t fault. It was an accident.It wasn’t fault. It was an accident.2)2) Listen! Can you hear music?Listen! Can you hear music?)) yy3)3) I couldn’t get into the house because I I couldn’t get into the house because I 

didn’t havedidn’t have______________________________________4)4) It’s very warm today. Why are you It’s very warm today. Why are you 

wearingwearingg_____________________g_____________________5)5) Do you take ______________ in your Do you take ______________ in your 

coffee?coffee?

6) 6) AreAre you hungry? Would you you hungry? Would you like with your coffee?like with your coffee?like_______________ with your coffee?like_______________ with your coffee?

7) Our7) Our lives would be very difficult without lives would be very difficult without ____________________________________

8) The heart8) The heart pumps __________________ pumps __________________ through the body.through the body.through the body.through the body.

9) Excuse me,9) Excuse me, can I ask you can I ask you ??______________________?______________________?

10) We10) We can’t delay mush longer. We have to make  can’t delay mush longer. We have to make  soon.soon.___________________ soon.___________________ soon.

BEST Of Luck !