three unrooted trees showing the relationships among the gnetales (blue), conifers (green),...
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Three unrooted trees showing the relationships among the Gnetales (blue), Conifers (Green), Ginkgo&Cycads(Coral) and Angiosperms (fuschia). Bowe et al. 2000. Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are
monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers PNAS 97: 4092-4097.
Tree based on Phytochrome A and Phytochrome C. Note high bootstrap values for Amborella as basal (Matthews and Donoghue, 1999).
Bootstrap Value = 92
Bootstrap Value = 83
www.ucsc.edu/currents/99-00/art/ amborella.flr.99-08-30.jpg
Amborella male flower-note “leaf-like” stamens and sepals and petals that are similar (tepals). Amborella is dioecious.
Amborella branch- evergreen, simple, alternate leaves with wavy edges
http://www.ucalgary.ca/~laidlaw/amborella/amborella_web.html#By_April_1
Amborella is dioecious. Male flowers are about 4mm across and have tepals and 6-21 stamens. The reward for insect pollinators is pollen.
Amborella trichopoda
Seeds
Fruits
http://www.ucalgary.ca/~laidlaw/amborella/amborella_web.html#By_April_1
Female Flowering Shoot
Three unrooted trees showing the relationships among the Gnetales (blue), Conifers (Green), Ginkgo&Cycads(Coral) and Angiosperms (fuschia). Bowe et al. 2000. Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are
monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers PNAS 97: 4092-4097.
Tree based on Phytochrome A and Phytochrome C. Note high bootstrap values for Amborella as basal (Matthews and Donoghue, 1999).
Bootstrap Value = 92
Bootstrap Value = 83
Qiu et al.’s Tree
(Nature, 25 November 1999)
Based on 5 - genes
2-mitochondrial
2-plastid
1-nuclear
IllicialesNymphaealesAmborella
Basal Angiosperms
Magnoliids
Bootstrap Value = 100
Barkman et al. comparison of bootstrap values for Root A (Amborella and Nymphaeales) vs Root B (Amborella alone). Dark bars are noise-reduced; open are raw data.
Amborella and Nymphaeales share the basal clade
Amborella alone is in the basal clade
Support Leans Towards a Shared Clade
3. Monocots
2. Magnoliids
1. Basal Angiosperms
4. Eudicots- the largest group
4 Main Angiosperm Groups Shown on Qiu’s Tree