Three States of MatterPart I

Matter

• All matter is made up of tiny particles, called atoms, which cannot be seen even using normal (visible light) microscopes.

• Atoms can exist by themselves or be put together to form molecules.

State of Matter

• These tiny particles of matter are in constant motion and can interact with one another, which affects their state of matter.

• There are 3 basic states of matter:– Solid– Liquid– Gas

Solids

• What does it take to be classified as a solid?– Has a constant volume– Has a definite shape– Particles vibrate about fixed

points– Particles are closely packed

together, which allows more attraction between particles

Solid structure• Many solids are classified as crystalline if the

particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern (this three-dimensional pattern is called a crystalline lattice).

Crystalline Solids

• They have a very specific temperature at which the solid will melt and change to a liquid.

• Examples of crystalline solids include:– Ice– Iron– Quartz – Sodium Chloride

Interesting Fact• Sometimes particles of the same type can be

arranged into different crystalline structures, which are called allotropes.

• Crystallized carbon structures: diamond graphite buckminsterfullerene

(found in soot)

100 Greatest Discoveries in Chemistry.flv

Amorphous Solids

• Solids are classified as amorphous if the particles lack an ordered internal structure (particles are randomly arranged), even though particles are still held in firm position relative to surrounding particles.

Amorphous Solids• These solids do not melt at a

specific temperature. They soften gradually over a range of temperatures.

• Examples of amorphous solids include rubber, plastic, asphalt, chocolate, taffy, wax, glass, etc.

Particle Behavior in Solids

References:• http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/microscope2.gif• http://serc.carleton.edu/images/usingdata/nasaimages/molecules-air.gif• http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Solid_liquid_gas.svg/500px-Solid_liquid_gas.svg.png• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Sodium-bromide-3D-ionic.png/220px-3D-ionic.png• http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Minerals/Picture2.gif• http://www.idfuel.com/images/012705_TTamorphous_image.gif• http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/lib/exe/fetch.php?w=&h=&cache=cache&media=crystal_lattice.png• http://www.talismancoins.com/catalog/Blueish_Crystalline_Snowflake.jpg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Bismuth-crystal.jpg• http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/thumb/d/d2/Candle_with_burnt_wick.jpg/300px-Candle_with_burnt_wick.jpg• http://steelguru.com/uploads/reports/sss1-29-08-2008.jpg• http://www.hull.ac.uk/chemistry/intro_inorganic/images/diamond.jpg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Diamond_and_graphite.jpg• http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/images/buckyball.gif• http://www.robertoppelt.com/image/taffy.jpg• http://www.lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/dantheusclovishorsecreektriplrg.jpg• http://www.greenelectron-images.co.uk/sem/images/galena_cleavage_web.jpg• http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/007874637x/514776/fig12_17.jpg• http://fairfieldsfifth.wikispaces.com/file/view/pond_skater.jpg/34240671/pond_skater.jpg• http://www.ramehart.com/surface_tension.jpg• http://www.themetallurgist.co.uk/images/wettability_mmc3.jpg• http://www.davidlnelson.md/Cazadero/CazImages/Meniscus.gif• http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/Images/state.jpg• http://www.800mainstreet.com/1/0001-02-statesofmatter.html• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cierge_fondant.jpg/419px-Cierge_fondant.jpg

References - Animations:• http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/cw/au_sch_whalley_sf1_1/int/matter.html• http://www.visionlearning.com/library/flash_viewer.php?oid=1435&mid=120• http://www.visionlearning.com/library/flash_viewer.php?oid=1434&mid=120• http://www.visionlearning.com/library/flash_viewer.php?oid=321&mid=120• http://www.footprints-science.co.uk/states.htm• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/5079-100-greatest-discoveries-chemistry-video.htm• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAY3yISf-24• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-KvoVzukHo