Three Reasons for TravelMigration Orientation Navigation

moving to and from a location

knowing where you are based on land features/environment

knowing/planning how to get to a place based on land/environment

MIGRATION

• DEFINITION: Animals move to leave and come back to an ecosystem

• Example: Birds fly to warmer climates and know to come back by a certain time frame.

MIGRATIONS “TAXIS”LIVING ORGANISMS USE SENSES/ADAPTATIONS TO MOVE

LIVING THINGS MOVE BECAUSE OF ITS ENVIRONMENT

Senses:*odor- skunks, flowers taste- monarch *taste- monarch butterfly *touch-humans, snakes *hear- birds, humans*see- humans, etc. *smell- dogs, cats, humans

Environmental Influence:* currents- air or water* force of gravity*level of humidity *sun*weather/climate

MIGRATION MOVEMENTPOSITIVE MOVE or “TAXIS” Definition: A stimulus that causes a living

organism to move toward it

Example:A lizard moves toward the sun for warmth

MIGRATION MOVEMENTNEGATIVE MOVE OR “TAXIS” Definition: A stimulus that causes a living

organism to move away from it

Example: a snail moves away from the sun to keep moist

ORIENTATION

• Definition: Knowing where you are based on location of abiotic and biotic factors

• Example: The sun rise or sun set allows birds to direct flight.

• • Example: Dogs can orient based on smell of

stimulus (person/other dogs)

ORIENTATIONHOMING: returning to an area based on land marks/resources

Example: Monarch Butterfly

After mating, monarchs fly South to rest in a group

After birth they fly North to eat, mate, and lay eggs on milkweed (midwest)

NAVIGATION

• Definition: Knowing your position and planning a route to follow

• Example: Birds use stars and the sun to map a route to and from places

NAVIGATIONGeophysical: using land/physical features to plan a route

Turtles: use ocean currents to travel

More Navigation

ECHOLOCATION: using sound vibrations to locate