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THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D)

INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA


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Objects and

Specimens

Objects

- concrete materials

such as plants,

animals, tools, andartifacts


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Specimens

- a part or aspect of

some item that is atypical sample of the

character of others in

its same class or

group- enable us to learn

many things that

would otherwise beunobtainable


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Points to Consider in Using Objects

and Specimens for Teaching

1. Develop a purpose for using them

2. Provide opportunities for students to work

with or to manipulate3. Present just enough at a time

4. Present in a dramatic way


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Advantages

1. less abstract, more concrete

2. attracts attention

3. students become more familiar with objects

Limitations

1. need bigger storage

2. prone to possible damage

3. some have limitation in availability


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Models and Mock-ups

Models

- modified real things, reproductions of

costly or delicate items

- replicas of real objects which may belarger or smaller than the real thing

- can be made to show interior view of

objects and they can be simplified to anyextent desired in order that the basic

concept represented may be

communicated most adequately


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Varied Purposes of Models

1. when real objects are too small or too largeto bring into the classroom

2. to present subject matter involving the past

and the future

3. physical inaccessibility

4.abstract construction

5. to explain processes


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Types of Models

1. Solid Models

- used mainly for

recognizing

external features


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2. Cross-section Model / Cut-away Models

- show the internal structures


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3.Construction

Models- models which

can be

assembled and

disassembled to

show relationship

of parts to a

whole


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4. Working Models

- indicate how thethings being

represented operate


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Mock-up

- arrangement of a realdevice or associateddevices, displayed insuch a way thatrepresentation of reality

is created- may be simplified inorder to emphasizecertain features

- a special model whereparts or a model issingled out, heightened,and magnified in order

to focus on that part


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Advantages

1. Learners can examine which may not beeasy with the real object

2. Learners can handle and operate3. Create high interest and permit close-up

observation of how it works4. Can provide learning experiences that

real objects cannot provide5. Can illustrate basic operation of a real

device and provide important details6. Allow independent study7. Make classroom discussion more

effective


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Limitations

1. Require tedious work

2. Expensive

3. Might distort some real concepts

4. Big or heavy models may be difficult tohandle for actual lecture


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Diorama

- of Greek origin which means to seethrough

- a 3D representation of events, ideas or

concepts against a scenic background- miniature scene in 3D treatment meant to

replicate reality


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Principal Parts of DioramaPainted

Background

Case orStage

3D Middle

and

Foreground

Objects


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Advantages

1. Have intrinsic value2. Allow us to compare past and present

conditions

3. Help us make connections to the realworld

4. Develops students creativity

5. Can be viewed, handled, and examined

by students6. Adds interest and meaning to the lesson


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Limitations

1. Demands a bigger space in terms of useand storage

2. Expensive

3. Easily damaged


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Puppets

- are artificial figures whose movements arecontrolled by a person

- are moved by hand, strings, wires or rods

- are made to represent a person, animal,plant or an object


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Types of Puppets

1. Shadow Puppets- 2D in nature,normallycontrolled by rodsthat are muchthinner than thetypical ones thatare used to

support the rodpuppet- makes use of atranslucent

screen and a lightsource


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2. Rod Puppets

- flat, cut-out figurestacked on a stick, with

one or more movable

parts and operated from

below the stage level by

wire or slender sticks


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3.Hand Puppets

- made to slip overthe hand like a glove

- puppets head is

operated by the

forefinger, the little

finger and thumb are

used to animate the

puppets hands


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4.Glove-and-finger

Puppets- make use of old

gloves to which small

costumed figures are

attached


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5.Marionettes- suspended and

controlled by anumber of strings,plus sometimes acentral rod attached

to a control bar heldfrom above- generallyconstructed of woodwith articulating

joints that replicatethose of humanbeings- requires greater

manipulative controlthan an finger, glove


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Advantages1. Boost active participation among

students2. Stirring and attention-getting

3. Fascination of the inanimate objects

4. Enjoyable and spontaneous learningexperience

5. Students become more creativeLimitations1. Time consuming

2. Expensive

3. Demands extra effort

4. Can compete with the teacher


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Principles in Choosing Puppet Play

for Teaching

1. Do not use puppets for playsthat can be done just as wellor better by another dramaticmeans

2. Puppet play must be basedon actions rather than words

3. Keep plays short

4. Do not omit the possibilities ofmusic and dancing as part ofthe show

5. Adapt in all respect to youraudience

6. Do not hesitate to ada t


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Resource Person as an Instructional

Medium

Resource Personsomeone invited to talkabout something

Consider the followingwhen inviting and usinga resource speaker:

1. engage the expert

2. clarify the purposes ofthe visit

3. subject should be ofeducational relevance

and value to the


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Consider the following

when inviting and using a

resource speaker (cont.):

4. speaker should not

tend to disrupt the

educational program5. info to be discussed

should be appropriate

to the age and maturityof students

6. teacher should

remain in the classroom

throughout the


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Introducing the Speaker/s

1.Prepare what you are going to say2. Follow the TIS formula

Ttopic / title of speakers talk

Iimportance of the topicSspeakers outstanding

qualifications

3. Announce speakers name distinctly and

clearly4. Be enthusiastic about the speaker


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Things to Remember when Invited as

a Resource Speaker

1. Restrict subject to fit the time at your disposal2. Arrange ideas in sequence3. Enumerate points as you make them

4. Compare the strange with the familiar5. Turn a fact into a picture6. Avoid technical terms7. Use appropriate media

8. Speak with contagious enthusiasm9. Show respect and affection to your audience10. Begin in a friendly way


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When delivering the talk..

1. Crash thoroughly your shell of self-consciousness

2. Dont try to imitate others

3. Converse with your audience4. Put your heart into your speaking

5. Practice making your voice strong and

flexible


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Advantages

1. Less preparation on the part of theteacher

2. Thorough discussion of the topic

3. It might add enthusiasm to the audience

if the speaker is goodLimitations

1. Hassle in searching for the suitable speaker

2. It might confuse the audience if the speakeris not good enough3. Less enthusiasm from the audience if the

speaker is boring

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