threatened and endangered, and extinct species. biodiversity extinction – the process by which an...
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Threatened and Threatened and Endangered, and Extinct Endangered, and Extinct
SpeciesSpecies
BiodiversityBiodiversity
Extinction – the process by which an organism Extinction – the process by which an organism is no longer in existence as a speciesis no longer in existence as a species
Extinct organismsExtinct organisms DinosaurDinosaur Woolly MammothWoolly Mammoth Saber toothSaber tooth Dodo birdDodo bird Passenger pigeonPassenger pigeon
Causes of ExtinctionCauses of Extinction
Ice AgeIce Age MeteorsMeteors PredatorsPredators PoachingPoaching HuntingHunting Habitat LossHabitat Loss
Why are organisms so important?Why are organisms so important?
Food ChainFood Chain FoodFood MedicineMedicine ProtectionProtection
BiodiversityBiodiversity
The different types of The different types of life (streams, wetlands)life (streams, wetlands)
Diagram of PA Diagram of PA BiodiversityBiodiversity
Vertebrates3%
Protist3%
Non-insect invertebrates
7%
Insects46%
Plants, Algae24%
Fungi, Lichens17%
Biodiversity is studied on three levelsBiodiversity is studied on three levels
Genetic – biodiversity is the difference Genetic – biodiversity is the difference between genes of a particular speciesbetween genes of a particular species
Species – grey squirrel vs. Delmarva Fox Species – grey squirrel vs. Delmarva Fox squirrelsquirrel
Ecosystem – biodiversity – stream vs. wetlandEcosystem – biodiversity – stream vs. wetland
VariationsVariations
Differences in the phenotype of a speciesDifferences in the phenotype of a species AppearanceAppearance
HeightHeight WidthWidth WeightWeight
Allow for adaptation to new environmentsAllow for adaptation to new environments
Organism NichesOrganism Niches
Role an organism plays; two organisms cannot Role an organism plays; two organisms cannot occupy the same nicheoccupy the same niche
Predator-Prey RelationshipsPredator-Prey Relationships
Mice vs. WeaselMice vs. Weasel
PredatorsPredators
Clean up the weak or sickClean up the weak or sick Help out to remove the weak organismsHelp out to remove the weak organisms
SymbiosisSymbiosis
Two organisms rely on each other for survivalTwo organisms rely on each other for survival
ParasitismParasitism
One organism benefits while the other is One organism benefits while the other is harmedharmed Human and tapewormHuman and tapeworm
MutualismMutualism
Both organisms benefitBoth organisms benefit Rhino and birdsRhino and birds
CommensalismCommensalism
One organism benefits, other is unharmedOne organism benefits, other is unharmed Birds nest and treeBirds nest and tree
AdaptationsAdaptations
Adaptation – special modifications or Adaptation – special modifications or characteristics that help an organism better characteristics that help an organism better survive its environmentsurvive its environment
Structural AdaptationStructural Adaptation
Body parts, internal/external, thumbs, tails, Body parts, internal/external, thumbs, tails, claws, color, fur, beakclaws, color, fur, beak Mimicry – another organism acts like the first Mimicry – another organism acts like the first
(structural or behavioral)(structural or behavioral) Camouflage – blend in with your environmentCamouflage – blend in with your environment
Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation
How an organism actsHow an organism acts Cat birdCat bird Lions carrying youngLions carrying young
Reflexive behavior – caught by surpriseReflexive behavior – caught by surprise CatCat Snake recoilsSnake recoils
Instinctive behavior – you don’t have to be taughtInstinctive behavior – you don’t have to be taught Mother, babyMother, baby
Survival of the FittestSurvival of the Fittest
Natural Selection – the process that makes it Natural Selection – the process that makes it more likely that organisms with the best more likely that organisms with the best characteristics will survive, breed, and pass characteristics will survive, breed, and pass them onthem on
Populations evolve so that the most Populations evolve so that the most advantageous adaptations become commonadvantageous adaptations become common
EvolutionEvolution
Traits must varyTraits must vary Adaptations must be geneticAdaptations must be genetic Adaptation must be beneficial for survivalAdaptation must be beneficial for survival
Human impactsHuman impacts
Negative – destroy landsNegative – destroy lands PositivePositive
Endangered – population increasesEndangered – population increases Capture breeding – zoosCapture breeding – zoos Treat injured organismsTreat injured organisms
Threatened, Endangered, ExtinctThreatened, Endangered, Extinct
Threatened – many individuals but numbers Threatened – many individuals but numbers are dwindlingare dwindling
Endangered – so few that extinction is possibleEndangered – so few that extinction is possible Extinct – no longer existsExtinct – no longer exists
Factors that make species more Factors that make species more prone to extinctionprone to extinction
Special foodSpecial food Special habitatSpecial habitat High on food webHigh on food web MigrateMigrate Reproduction rate low – 1 birth a yearReproduction rate low – 1 birth a year Limited habitat rangeLimited habitat range Interference with humansInterference with humans
Organizations that protect speciesOrganizations that protect species
Endangered Species ActEndangered Species Act You cannot hunt, kill, trap endangered speciesYou cannot hunt, kill, trap endangered species
DCNRDCNR Department of Conservation of Natural ResourcesDepartment of Conservation of Natural Resources