thoughts on indian sti future

8/12/2019 Thoughts on Indian STI Future

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Science, Technology andScience, Technology andInnovation LandscapeInnovation Landscape

April 2014April 2014 Thoughts on STIThoughts on STI

Macro economics of Positioning IndianMacro economics of Positioning IndianScience, Research and Innovation in GlobalScience, Research and Innovation in Global

spacespace

T Ramasami, Department of Science andT Ramasami, Department of Science andTechnology, GoITechnology, GoI


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Positioning India inPositioning India inglobal STI spaceglobal STI space

India is currently a fringe player in global R&DIndia is currently a fringe player in global R&Dspace. Concerns are often expressed.space. Concerns are often expressed.

The Full Time Equivalent R&D professionals inThe Full Time Equivalent R&D professionals inIndia was estimated 1 54 000 in 2008India was estimated 1 54 000 in 2008

April 2014April 2014 Thoughts on Indian STIThoughts on Indian STI

Share of private sector into R&D is about 34% ofShare of private sector into R&D is about 34% ofGERD as against the global benchmarks of 65GERD as against the global benchmarks of 65--80%80%

Indias share of inputs into R&D are@ less thanIndias share of inputs into R&D are@ less than2% and outputs are generally at 22% and outputs are generally at 2--4% levels4% levelswith lower global share of global R&D outcomeswith lower global share of global R&D outcomesin quality space.in quality space.


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How to position India inHow to position India inglobal R&D space?global R&D space?


Quantum and Quality termsQuantum and Quality terms

This is a million dollar question withThis is a million dollar question withperhaps difficult answersperhaps difficult answers


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High Density

Highinvestment

Path 4

4

,000FTE/mil


Lowinvestmentlow density

Low densityhighinvestment

Path 1

Path 2

Path 3

550FTE/

mil

110

0FTE/mil

2,300FTE/

mil


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Analysis of Current situationAnalysis of Current situationin STI landscape of Indiain STI landscape of India

Current investments per FTE at ~1% GDP levelsCurrent investments per FTE at ~1% GDP levelsmatch better than global benchmarks of~ 150match better than global benchmarks of~ 150000 US$ at PPP for the current FTE size.000 US$ at PPP for the current FTE size.

Cost to Countr of a rofessor as ratio of erCost to Countr of a rofessor as ratio of er


capita GDP is one of the highest in the worldcapita GDP is one of the highest in the world Quantitative InterQuantitative Inter--relationships between GERDrelationships between GERD

and GDP in India are yet to be establishedand GDP in India are yet to be established

The size of Full Time Equivalent per millionThe size of Full Time Equivalent per millionpopulation of India is lower than global benchpopulation of India is lower than global benchmarks. Right sizing FTE density is as crucial as themarks. Right sizing FTE density is as crucial as thedoubling % GERD/GDP.doubling % GERD/GDP.


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Scenario setting for Growth profilesScenario setting for Growth profiles

for Indian STI landscape for 1.3for Indian STI landscape for 1.3billion Indian populationbillion Indian population

Scenario 1: Path1Scenario 1: Path1 Likely intensity growth to @ 2% GDP, 7.5 lakh FTEsLikely intensity growth to @ 2% GDP, 7.5 lakh FTEs

Scenario 2: Path 2Scenario 2: Path 2


Rea iza e intensity growt to GDP, 1 a sRea iza e intensity growt to GDP, 1 a sFTEsFTEs

Scenario 3: Path 3Scenario 3: Path 3 OverOver--ambitious growth to @2% GDP, 30 lakhs FTEsambitious growth to @2% GDP, 30 lakhs FTEs

Scenario 4: Path 4Scenario 4: Path 4 Unrealistic growth rates to @2% GDP, 52 lakhs FTEsUnrealistic growth rates to @2% GDP, 52 lakhs FTEs


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Scenario 1: LikelyScenario 1: Likelyintensity growth settingintensity growth setting

@1,50,000 US$ per FTE per year for 2%@1,50,000 US$ per FTE per year for 2%GERD/GDP, 5.6 Trillion US$ economy wouldGERD/GDP, 5.6 Trillion US$ economy wouldneed a FTE strength of R&D personnel atneed a FTE strength of R&D personnel at7,50,000. This FTE strength for 1.3 billion7,50,000. This FTE strength for 1.3 billion


population would accord a FTE millionpopulation would accord a FTE millionpopulation of ~550.population of ~550. Increasing FTEs from the current 1,70,000 to 7,50,000Increasing FTEs from the current 1,70,000 to 7,50,000

levels is a nonlevels is a non--trivial challengetrivial challenge

This would call for investing into latent R&D potentialsThis would call for investing into latent R&D potentialsresiding in academic sectorresiding in academic sector

At this FTE size India would already emerge as theeAt this FTE size India would already emerge as theefourth largest STI poolfourth largest STI pool


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Scenario 2: FTE Intensity toScenario 2: FTE Intensity tomatch large populous nationsmatch large populous nations

For FTE/million ratio of 1100 for 1.3 billionFor FTE/million ratio of 1100 for 1.3 billionpopulation, FTEs resource of 1.4 million matchingpopulation, FTEs resource of 1.4 million matchingthe current FTE of the US is required.the current FTE of the US is required. This would call for already an investment of US$ 210This would call for already an investment of US$ 210


billion in PPP terms or about US$ 70 billion in real termsbillion in PPP terms or about US$ 70 billion in real terms For 2% GERD/GDP ratio, US$ 210 billion in PPP termsFor 2% GERD/GDP ratio, US$ 210 billion in PPP termswould call for a GDP of 10.5 trillion in PPP terms or 3.5would call for a GDP of 10.5 trillion in PPP terms or 3.5trillion in current conversion terms; which is realizabletrillion in current conversion terms; which is realizableover ten year period for India at realizable GDPover ten year period for India at realizable GDPgrowth rates.growth rates.

9 fold increasing in FTEs at the current GERD/FTE value9 fold increasing in FTEs at the current GERD/FTE valueis necessary. This would call for many new mechanismsis necessary. This would call for many new mechanisms


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Scenario 3: OverScenario 3: Over--Ambitious Growth settingAmbitious Growth setting

For a FTE per million ratio of 2300, India wouldFor a FTE per million ratio of 2300, India wouldneed about 30 lakhs at 1.3 billion population.need about 30 lakhs at 1.3 billion population.

For 30 lakhs FTEs @1,50,000 US$/FTE and 2%For 30 lakhs FTEs @1,50,000 US$/FTE and 2%GERD GDP ratio India would need a 7.5 trillionGERD GDP ratio India would need a 7.5 trillion


US$ GDP at the current cost termsUS$ GDP at the current cost terms This would call for a large scale relocation of R&DThis would call for a large scale relocation of R&D

service systems of the world to India as well as R&Dservice systems of the world to India as well as R&Dled growth of Indian economyled growth of Indian economy

While it is overWhile it is over--ambitious, growth by an order ofambitious, growth by an order ofmagnitude seems to have happened elsewhere in themagnitude seems to have happened elsewhere in theworld. Will India follow this path? It may be a mootworld. Will India follow this path? It may be a mootquestion of some interest.question of some interest.


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Scenario 4: UnrealisticScenario 4: Unrealisticgrowth rates of STI in Indiagrowth rates of STI in India

For a FTE/ million ratio of 4000 @ 2%For a FTE/ million ratio of 4000 @ 2%GERD/GDP, India would need a FTE of 52 lakhGERD/GDP, India would need a FTE of 52 lakh

population. This would call for a global currentpopulation. This would call for a global current


popu ation o FTEs in R D personne at near ypopu ation o FTEs in R D personne at near y50%. This is unlikely and not realistic even if50%. This is unlikely and not realistic even if

financial resources were to be some how madefinancial resources were to be some how made

available.available. In other words, India is unlikely to reach the highIn other words, India is unlikely to reach the highdensity high investment quadrant for some time comedensity high investment quadrant for some time come


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Some basic factsSome basic facts

Doubling GERD/GDP ratio to 2% is notDoubling GERD/GDP ratio to 2% is notnecessarily beneficial without increasing the FTEsnecessarily beneficial without increasing the FTEsof R&D professionals/million population to someof R&D professionals/million population to somewhere in the range of 550where in the range of 550--11001100


Doubling without FTE expansion would meanDoubling without FTE expansion would meanlarger GERD per FTE without attended benefitslarger GERD per FTE without attended benefits

Mere expansion of FTE volume without economicMere expansion of FTE volume without economicreturns is not sustainablereturns is not sustainable

FTE expansion should lead to creation of jobs,FTE expansion should lead to creation of jobs,wealth and societal value through R&D outputswealth and societal value through R&D outputs


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Doubling GERD in IndianDoubling GERD in IndianSTI space: DilemmasSTI space: Dilemmas

Expanding FTEs from the current levels to say 550 toExpanding FTEs from the current levels to say 550 to1100 per million population of India in a finite period of1100 per million population of India in a finite period oftime is a nontime is a non--trivial challenge. It could be accomplishedtrivial challenge. It could be accomplishedthroughthrough


Enrolling latent potentials in academic and innovation sectorsEnrolling latent potentials in academic and innovation sectors Expanding R&D sector in the public and private sector spaceExpanding R&D sector in the public and private sector space

Enabling relocation of R&D capacities from elsewhereEnabling relocation of R&D capacities from elsewhere

Expansion without attended investments per FTE wouldExpansion without attended investments per FTE would

mean spreading resources thin without valuemean spreading resources thin without value Investment of GERD without expansion would amountInvestment of GERD without expansion would amount

injudicious use of scarce resourcesinjudicious use of scarce resources


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What India may attempt inWhat India may attempt inglobal R&D investment space?global R&D investment space?

FTE/million population ratio of 550 to 1100 forFTE/million population ratio of 550 to 1100 fora 1.3 billion populationa 1.3 billion population

Plan to invest about US$1,50,000 per FTE in PPPPlan to invest about US$1,50,000 per FTE in PPPterms in the near term or match the best of smallterms in the near term or match the best of small


economies like Israel or Finlandeconomies like Israel or Finland Realize GERD/GDP ratio of 2% within 5 yearsRealize GERD/GDP ratio of 2% within 5 years

through a combination of both increases in FTEsthrough a combination of both increases in FTEsand GERD/FTE investmentand GERD/FTE investment

By leveraging R&D outputs in wealth creation,By leveraging R&D outputs in wealth creation,enable larger outlay for R&D to match the 2%enable larger outlay for R&D to match the 2%levels with wealth generated through R&Dlevels with wealth generated through R&D


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Requirements for realizingRequirements for realizing2% GDP Investments2% GDP Investments

At least Quadrupling the FTEs in R&D professionAt least Quadrupling the FTEs in R&D profession Sizing of GERD per FTE @ say US $ 150,000Sizing of GERD per FTE @ say US $ 150,000--

2,00,000 per year on PPP terms2,00,000 per year on PPP terms


and into sizing of FTE baseand into sizing of FTE base Leveraging R&D outputs for wealth and valueLeveraging R&D outputs for wealth and value

creation through an enabling policy environmentcreation through an enabling policy environment

TechnologyTechnology--led creation of jobs, inputs to highled creation of jobs, inputs to hightechnologytechnology--led export and technology andled export and technology andinnovationinnovation--led wealth creationled wealth creation


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Challenge of GrowingChallenge of GrowingFTEsFTEs

Even at 18 to 20% annualEven at 18 to 20% annualgrowth of FTE enrollment, itgrowth of FTE enrollment, itwould take about 9would take about 9--1010years to reach ~0.7 millionyears to reach ~0.7 million 7

8

9

6%

8%


s rom t e current eve ss rom t e current eve s

For a five year time spanFor a five year time spanother new mechanismsother new mechanismswould be necessarywould be necessary

Mere FTE growth withoutMere FTE growth withoutnational prosperity is notnational prosperity is notwelcomewelcome

0

1

2

3

4

5

yr 1 yr 2 yr 3 yr 4 yr5 yr6 yr 7 yr 8 yr 9 yr 10

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%


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Emerging Space for Science,Emerging Space for Science,

Technology and Innovation in theTechnology and Innovation in thenew global economynew global economy

Competitiondriven

Innovation Leadership in usable

knowledge

Knowled e


Scholarshipdriven

ScienceTechnology

Market driven

Creation of jobs Creation of knowledge

Creation of value

Advancedknowledge

Gainful andusefulknowledge

Nationalprosperity

Seekers


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Profiling Indian STIProfiling Indian STIlandscape for Science spacelandscape for Science space

ScienceScience Basic research leading to SCI publications is growing inBasic research leading to SCI publications is growing in

volume space, but quality enhancement in discoveryvolume space, but quality enhancement in discoveryscience needs attention. Excellence rather thanscience needs attention. Excellence rather than


. .

Share of Indian publications in top quadrant of journalsShare of Indian publications in top quadrant of journalsand citation impacts above global averages needand citation impacts above global averages needfocused actions.focused actions.

Some useful tips for improvements are emerging.Some useful tips for improvements are emerging.

International S&T collaboration is in order. Reaching 5International S&T collaboration is in order. Reaching 5ththor 6or 6thth position in volume share is realizable. Valueposition in volume share is realizable. Valueshare in scholarly publications needs to be increased.share in scholarly publications needs to be increased.Governments have limited rolesGovernments have limited roles


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Profiling of IndianProfiling of IndianTechnology SpaceTechnology Space

TechnologyTechnology Technology pipeline is not full and R&D system forTechnology pipeline is not full and R&D system fortechnology development for nontechnology development for non--strategic sectorstrategic sectorneeds considerable resizinneeds considerable resizin


FTEs in Technology space sector needs both carefulFTEs in Technology space sector needs both carefulsizing and quality enhancementsizing and quality enhancement

Strategic BiStrategic Bi--national alliances in high technologynational alliances in high technologysector with smaller economies could be exploredsector with smaller economies could be explored

System approaches and large teams around domainSystem approaches and large teams around domainagencies with PPP seem necessary steps forward.agencies with PPP seem necessary steps forward.Governments should play rolesGovernments should play roles


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Positioning India inPositioning India inInnovation spaceInnovation space

Indian innovation system is fragmented and nonIndian innovation system is fragmented and non--structured.structured.

India could emerge as a new global power in affordableIndia could emerge as a new global power in affordableinnovation spaceinnovation space


Challenges of designing models for innovation space inChallenges of designing models for innovation space inIndia are many fold, but could offer substantial rewardsIndia are many fold, but could offer substantial rewardsif designed well.if designed well.

Decentralized innovation structure could become IndiasDecentralized innovation structure could become Indias

USP with good planningUSP with good planning Governments should position an ecosystem for innovationGovernments should position an ecosystem for innovation


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Balancing Innovations forBalancing Innovations for

Competitiveness and inclusiveness :Competitiveness and inclusiveness :Challenge for the R&D systemsChallenge for the R&D systems

CompetitivenessCompetitiveness Differentiating mind setDifferentiating mind set

Market advantagesMarket advantages

Inventor focusedInventor focused

InclusivenessInclusiveness Integrating mind setIntegrating mind set

Availability to usersAvailability to users

Peo le focusedPeo le focused


Return for InvestorsReturn for Investors Short life spansShort life spans

Value maximizationValue maximization

Speed is USPSpeed is USP

First mover advantageFirst mover advantage

Small economies excelSmall economies excel

Return to societyReturn to society Long gestation timeLong gestation time

Input optimizationInput optimization

Goodness is USPGoodness is USP

Last mile connectivityLast mile connectivity

Relevant to large populationRelevant to large population


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Lessons from the High/ HighLessons from the High/ Highquadrant for developing economiesquadrant for developing economies

Small EconomiesSmall Economies Israel; Finland; Sweden;Israel; Finland; Sweden;

Singapore; Taiwan;Singapore; Taiwan;Austria; Switzerland; SouthAustria; Switzerland; South

Large EconomiesLarge Economies USA; Germany; JapanUSA; Germany; Japan

France; Australia; CanadaFrance; Australia; Canada

High investments by theHigh investments by the


High investments led byHigh investments led bythe private sector helps inthe private sector helps inglobal competitiveness inglobal competitiveness inmarket spacemarket space

Private sector into R&DPrivate sector into R&Dhelps in keeping thehelps in keeping theNational manufacturingNational manufacturingcompetitive against thecompetitive against thesmall economies in thesmall economies in thehigh volume markethigh volume market

Health care costs of some of the economies with large population baseare large even for the USA to bear. Public and social good value of R&Dthrough large public investments many not be necessarily bad


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Pros and cons of largely privatePros and cons of largely privatesector based R&D intensitysector based R&D intensity

ProsPros Private sector investments into R&D are generally inPrivate sector investments into R&D are generally in

areas closer to the market spaceareas closer to the market space

Knowledge to wealth creation links are strong andKnowledge to wealth creation links are strong and


vi rantvi rant

Suits best a consumption oriented social orderSuits best a consumption oriented social order

ConsCons Inventor and investor centric priorities dominate andInventor and investor centric priorities dominate and

people centric needs for innovation management arepeople centric needs for innovation management arecompromisedcompromised

Does not suit economies with large income differentialsDoes not suit economies with large income differentialsand weak social welfare protectionsand weak social welfare protections


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Lessons from globallyLessons from globallycompetitive STI systemscompetitive STI systems Density of FTE/ millionDensity of FTE/ million

population above 2500population above 2500and high GERD/GDP @and high GERD/GDP @2%2%

Highly resource intensiveHighly resource intensivewith respect to bothwith respect to bothinvestments and FTEsinvestments and FTEs

Innovations at all stagesInnovations at all stages


innovations for first moverinnovations for first moveradvantageadvantage

Driven mostly by privateDriven mostly by privatesector and market sharesector and market share

prioritiespriorities Maximizing profits isMaximizing profits is

crucialcrucial

chain are essential.chain are essential. Management systems forManagement systems for

risks and failures arerisks and failures arecrucial.crucial.

IPR systems focus onIPR systems focus onbenefits to investorsbenefits to investors


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Lessons for STI systems focused onLessons for STI systems focused onnational inclusivenessnational inclusiveness

Keep the innovationKeep the innovationsystem simplesystem simple

Focus on incrementalFocus on incrementalinnovation is a needinnovation is a need

Needs to operate the STINeeds to operate the STIsystem in resourcesystem in resourceconstrained spaceconstrained space

Decentralized innovationDecentralized innovation


nves men may neenves men may nee

to focus on public andto focus on public andsocial good prioritiessocial good priorities

Keeping the price ofKeeping the price ofproducts on innovationproducts on innovation

affordable is a mustaffordable is a must Special design of riskSpecial design of risk

sharing is a mustsharing is a must

players doubling asplayers doubling asinnovators and users is ainnovators and users is aneeded alternativeneeded alternative

IPR system needs to beIPR system needs to be

people centricpeople centric Social empathy ofSocial empathy of

innovators is coinnovators is co--investmentinvestment


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Is there a new Strategy forIs there a new Strategy forcountries investing anew into R&D?countries investing anew into R&D?

Why models of the developed world may notWhy models of the developed world may notsuit the developing and newly emergingsuit the developing and newly emerging

countries?countries?


Playing field not levelPlaying field not level FTEs can not be easily expanded fastFTEs can not be easily expanded fast

Competitive innovation model does not fitCompetitive innovation model does not fit

Consumption based innovation system is notConsumption based innovation system is notsustainable; climate change is productsustainable; climate change is product

High returns on investments into R&D essentialHigh returns on investments into R&D essential


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5 Key Steps for STI5 Key Steps for STIsystem of Indiasystem of India

1.1.

Balancing between excellence and relevanceBalancing between excellence and relevance2.2. Optimizing resource inputs and maximizingOptimizing resource inputs and maximizing

returns from researchreturns from research


3.3.

Rig t prioritizing o returns or investors anRig t prioritizing o returns or investors aninventors against peopleinventors against people centric prioritiescentric priorities

4.4. Collaboration in a competitive environment withCollaboration in a competitive environment withright priority systemsright priority systems

5.5. Affordable and inclusiveness of innovations asAffordable and inclusiveness of innovations asagainst positioning strongly in the global marketagainst positioning strongly in the global market


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Challenge of Indian STIChallenge of Indian STIsystemsystem


Is it feasible to match Duality of GlobalIs it feasible to match Duality of Global

competitiveness and National inclusivenesscompetitiveness and National inclusiveness

priorities in one STI system?priorities in one STI system?


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Designing Innovation system forDesigning Innovation system forinclusiveness and competitivenessinclusiveness and competitiveness

Inn

ovati

Creative

mindsetspace

Unconditioned mindUnconditioned mind--sets are sources ofsets are sources ofinnovationsinnovations Could we invest intoCould we invest into

rass root innovatorsrass root innovators

Quality link forgrass root

innovation


Education levels

n

poten

tial

Conditioningof mind set

for meeting standardsfor meeting standardsglobal market?global market?

Creative mindsets inCreative mindsets informal innovationformal innovationspacespace

Collaboration with smallCollaboration with smalleconomies for Indianeconomies for Indianmarket for globalmarket for globalproducts!products!

with smallinnovativeeconomies


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Addressing the dualityAddressing the dualitychallenge of Indiachallenge of India

CompetitivenessCompetitiveness Focus on grass rootFocus on grass root

innovation and MSMEinnovation and MSME

InclusivenessInclusiveness Focus on formalFocus on formal

innovation system forinnovation system for


Set up testing,Set up testing,

standardization andstandardization and

certification system andcertification system and

focus on marketfocus on marketinnovations for domesticinnovations for domestic

and global marketand global market

market leaders frommarket leaders fromsmall economies forsmall economies for

cost optimization forcost optimization for

domestic and overseasdomestic and overseasmarketsmarkets


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Leveraging grass root innovationLeveraging grass root innovationsystem for global competitivenesssystem for global competitiveness

Identify underIdentify under--served and low priced segments of theserved and low priced segments of the

global marketglobal market Connect MSME sector with economy of scope with theConnect MSME sector with economy of scope with the

grass root innovation systemgrass root innovation system


rea e a a uerea e a a ue--a ac y w es ng, s an ar za ona ac y w es ng, s an ar za on

and certification for under served global market withand certification for under served global market withaffordability and quality as parameter linkaffordability and quality as parameter link

Focus on market innovations for grass root innovationsFocus on market innovations for grass root innovationssupported by product design and branding and MSMEsupported by product design and branding and MSME

productionproduction Move up the value chain from underMove up the value chain from under--served toserved to

competitive market space with formal systems to supportcompetitive market space with formal systems to supportin second stepin second step


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Strategic alliances with smallStrategic alliances with smalleconomies for inclusivenesseconomies for inclusiveness

Formal systems of innovations in terms of qualityFormal systems of innovations in terms of qualitymay match the best of innovators from smallmay match the best of innovators from smalleconomieseconomies


formal innovation system is Indias USPformal innovation system is Indias USP Cooperate for cost optimization of leap frogCooperate for cost optimization of leap frog

innovations from small economies like Israel,innovations from small economies like Israel,

Finland and Switzerland market innovation ofFinland and Switzerland market innovation ofTaiwan for especially electronic and sensorTaiwan for especially electronic and sensorproductsproducts


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Some new PPP models forSome new PPP models forR&D in IndiaR&D in India

Small economies (Israel, Finland, Switzerland and Taiwan)Small economies (Israel, Finland, Switzerland and Taiwan)enjoy special places in niche market segment with smallenjoy special places in niche market segment with smallvolume and high Value.volume and high Value.

Cost optimization of their innovative products throughCost optimization of their innovative products through


Indian USP in R&D could offer WinIndian USP in R&D could offer Win--Win formula for bothWin formula for both Especially with bludgeoning import segment of electronicEspecially with bludgeoning import segment of electronic

good and auto sectors in India, collaboration for costgood and auto sectors in India, collaboration for costreduction is of national priority.reduction is of national priority.

Special PPP model for biSpecial PPP model for bi--national product missions fornational product missions forlarge scale and corporate sector could be a newlarge scale and corporate sector could be a newpathway to be examined for its national valuepathway to be examined for its national value


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Nourishing Innovation through the MindNourishing Innovation through the Mind

to Market Chain in formal systemsto Market Chain in formal systems

R& s

try

Market

rdMoney

)

D

ENT

ITy

STI landscapeAcademics

Resea

rch

In

d

(SoftMoney)Financing(

H

Social capital


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PPP model for BiPPP model for Bi--national missionsnational missionsfor High technology sectorfor High technology sector

1.1. PPP model and biPPP model and bi--national missions for specificnational missions for specificproduct sector complete with risk coverageproduct sector complete with risk coverage

through a special legislation for CSIR, IITs andthrough a special legislation for CSIR, IITs and


DRD type agencies to e exp oreDRD type agencies to e exp ore

2.2. Special funding schemes for PPP for R&D inSpecial funding schemes for PPP for R&D in

translation and showtranslation and show--how phases with cohow phases with co--

investment and equity models for risk coveringinvestment and equity models for risk coveringmay be necessarymay be necessary


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Grass root Innovation toGrass root Innovation toglobal marketglobal market1.1. Several Grass root innovators work at the base ofSeveral Grass root innovators work at the base of

economic pyramid of India and their innovations areeconomic pyramid of India and their innovations arerelevant to a large section of the underserved globalrelevant to a large section of the underserved globalmarketsmarkets


..

grass root innovation systems remain unconnected ingrass root innovation systems remain unconnected inIndiaIndia

3.3. Connecting engineering colleges, grass root innovators,Connecting engineering colleges, grass root innovators,MSMEs, testing and quality assurance systems withMSMEs, testing and quality assurance systems with

brand marketing for low priced segments could offerbrand marketing for low priced segments could offerIndia unique position in underIndia unique position in under--served markets initiallyserved markets initiallyand then in main markets.and then in main markets.


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A plausible Approach for India inA plausible Approach for India in

linking STI to macro globallinking STI to macro globaleconomyeconomy

STI systemTechnicalInstitutions

R&D and eliteInstitutions

InformalInnovation

System

FormalInnovation

System

SmallEconomy

Innovationleaders

BinationalMissions

PPP model

NationalInnovationMissions

PPPs

IndianMSME

MarketAssistance

Un-served global markets National and global competitive markets

PPPs


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(PIE)(PIE)22 in Innovation Ecosystem:in Innovation Ecosystem: TTrust,rust,

RRisk,isk,AApplication,pplication,VVenture,enture, EEnterprise,nterprise,LLeadershipeadership

Institutions Entrepreneurship

Trust based models Enterprise Mindset

Policy People

Investment climateEcosystem

Riskmanagement

Applicationfocus

Venture capitalLeadership in Demand Management


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SummarySummary

Global positioning of Indian STI system would call forGlobal positioning of Indian STI system would call for

planned expansion of FTEs and investment per FTEs inplanned expansion of FTEs and investment per FTEs indifferent segments of the sectordifferent segments of the sector

India specific model would differ significantly from theIndia specific model would differ significantly from the


high resource and high FTE density approacheshigh resource and high FTE density approaches

Some models have been suggested for addressing theSome models have been suggested for addressing theduality challenge of India with respect to globalduality challenge of India with respect to globalcompetitiveness and national inclusivenesscompetitiveness and national inclusiveness

Case is made for India embarking upon strategicCase is made for India embarking upon strategicalliances with smaller economies in Innovation spacealliances with smaller economies in Innovation space

New PPP approaches for R&D in India are essentialNew PPP approaches for R&D in India are essential

thoughts on indian sti future

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