thomas schmidt, global product manager phase shifters ... · with unbalanced load sharing of...

Phase-shifting transformersThomas Schmidt, Global Product Manager Phase Shifters, Transformer Days 2011

Phase shifting transformersOptimized utilization of contracted transmission capacity

© ABB Group July 11, 2011 | Slide 1

Benefits to youHi h i i d li bilitHigher revenues, savings, increased reliability

How does a utility earn money?

Generation of electrical powerGeneration of electrical power

Transmission of electrical power

Distribution of electrical power Distribution of electrical power

Trading of electrical power


Why phase-shifting transformers?C t f ffi i t AC t k tiComponents for efficient AC network operation

Phase-shifting transformers (PST) enablers for the increased use of renewable energy

PSTs optimize the utilization and/or losses of existing transmission lines

PST b l t th tf li f FACTS d i PSTs belong to the portfolio of FACTS devices

PSTs are the valve in your grid

PSTs may manage n-1 situations


Why phase-shifting transformers?E bli th f blEnabling the use of renewable power sources

Transport of large amounts of electrical power over long distances will play an important role in achieving European goals for energy efficiency and for the use of renewablesgoals for energy efficiency and for the use of renewables

Bulk HVDC transmission will change power flow patterns in the supplied AC gridsthe supplied AC grids

Increased injection of independent, often fluctuating renewable power

Consequential AC transmission bottlenecks need to be managed PSTs!

Permits for new transmission corridors are difficult to obtain


Examples for changes in load flow around GermanyI t ti b t t iInterconnections between countries

Wind

Congestion of North – South Corridor

Changed load pattern due to nuclear power reduction

Wind

Wind CoalWindUnscheduled load of flows in Belgium

Congestion of East –West Corridor

Nuke


Power flow control with phase-shifting transformersS ll l li tiSmaller scale applications

Additional infeed into urban network - new generation pattern

New power flows in EHV network New power flows in EHV network cause angle difference at infeeds to municipal networks

N d t bl k iti1 > 2 2

G GG

Need to block parasitic power flow and overload due to transmission angle differences in feeding network(s)

1 2 2Cables dimensionedfor radial flow

feeding network(s)

Generator has contracts with two utilities

Defined sharing of real power to different systems/customersG


Power flow control with phase-shifting transformersO ti i ti f l d h i d t i i itOptimization of load sharing and transmission capacity

Two synchronous systems.

Transmission lines with different

VS , S VL , Lwith different impedances e.g. overhead / cable or 400 kV / 110 kV.

PG LTransmission angle

P

GG

L

Transmission angle

difference S - L

drives power flow with unbalanced load sharing of linessharing of lines.The low impedance line is overloaded, limiting the total transmission capacity of the corridor.

PST impose an additional circulating current, thus i i th

LL L

of the corridor.

Pimproving the balance of power flows.The total transmission capacity increases

GP


increases.

Typical applications for PSTs

Avoid transmission line overloading in normal operation

Avoid post-contingency transmission line overloads

Increase N-1 secure capacity of transmission corridors

Control unscheduled load flowsControl unscheduled load flows

Keep load flows on contract paths

Minimize overall losses in the network Minimize overall losses in the network


Power flow control with phase-shifting transformersPh hifti t f fl t llPhase shifting transformers are power flow controllers

)sin( LSLS

XVVP

XLS

X

VS-VLTh h l

V

I The phase angle

(equivalent to quadrature voltage) between two

VLVS

S - L +

systems determines the power exchange

)i ( LSVVPX XT

S L

)sin(

LST

LS

XXPX

LS


TechnologyPST P i i lPST Principle

V1S

V2S

V1L

V

V3S

V2S

V3L

V2L

Starting with a symmetrical three-phase system with a certain load flow A PST shall be used to control the load flowThe PST takes a fraction of the two neighbor phases voltageCombines them as a difference voltageWhich is then injected into the third phase


Example: TERNA RondissoneI N 1 t i i itIncrease N-1 secure transmission capacity

Customer need

Increase N-1 secure import capacity to Italy

ABB response

Support by preliminary PST designs for system study and specification

Support for protection and control engineering

Supply of 2 x 1630 MVA PSTs, protection and control for PST and bypass bays, integration of > 50 heritage bays into MMIinto MMI

Customer benefits

Import capacity increased by approx 1000 MW Import capacity increased by approx. 1000 MW


Example: 1630 MVA, 400 kV / 400 kV, +18°C


Example: Municipality of Ulm, GermanyF fl t t t thForce power flow onto contract path

Customer need

Maximize power supply via infeed with low transmission fee, but limit to 80 ± 0.5 MW

Suppress transfer flows through the city’s cable network

ABB response

Support with realistic PST data for system studies

Help with specification of PST and control system

Delivery of 100 MVA, 7° PST with very fine steps

Viertelstundenwerte vom 25.11.2005 - 1.12.2005

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Customer benefits

Transmission fees to EHV grid operator absolutely

0

0

20

-11-200500:00:00

26-11-200500:00:00

27-11-200500:00:00

28-11-200500:00:00

29-11-200500:00:00

30-11-200500:00:00

01-12-200500:00:00

02-12-2000:00:0

Zeit

minimized

Pay-back in 18 months!


ReferencesE i ll d i PST j tEconomically driven PST project

Municipal utility of Ulm, DE

EnB Supply from EnBW via

three 110 kV substations

One line leased with very

EnBW

~ 0 MW

One line leased with very favourable conditions up to 80 MW

UW Ost

~ 0 MW

Incentive for PST: savings in transmission feesSWU

UW West

UW SüdDellmensingen

0 – 80 MW


Example: Municipality of UlmP b k i 2 f ll l it ti f t t thPay-back in < 2 years, full exploitation of contract path

Viertelstundenwerte vom 25.11.2005 - 1.12.2005

90

15 min values 25.11.2005 - 1.12.2005

70

80

n M

W

Without PSTWith PST

” in

MW

50

60

ellm

ensi

ngen

inow

“Sou

th

20

30

40

Wirk

leis

tung

Dal

pow

er fl

o

0

10

20

Rea

025-11-2005

00:00:0026-11-2005

00:00:0027-11-2005

00:00:0028-11-2005

00:00:0029-11-2005

00:00:0030-11-2005

00:00:0001-12-2005

00:00:0002-12-2005

00:00:00

ZeitTime


Example: Municipality of Ulm100 MVA 110 kV / 110 kV 7° i 32 t100 MVA, 110 kV / 110 kV, +7° in 32 steps

Two active parts

Single tank


References – Power flow control on merchant lineMATL L thb id C d 2005MATL Lethbridge, Canada, 2005


Specifying a phase-shifting transformer

Each unit is engineered to its specific purpose!

Physical size and cost depends on throughput power and angle regulation range

Angle regulation range to be specified by load flow studies

Angle increments, short circuit impedance to be determined from system requirements

Protection and control of PSTs has special requirements

It is highly recommended to contact your PST supplier early during the system specification stage!


ABB phase-shifting transformer solutions

Center of Competence for PSTs in Bad Honnef since 2000

Wide range of experience:

100 MVA …1630 MVA

110 kV …400 kV

+ 7°…. ± 79°

Single and multiple active part designs

87 units total, 24 delivered + 7 in pipeline from Bad Honnef, 2 in pipeline in Cordoba.

Additi l t b ff d f Additional support can be offered for:

System studies (load flow, short circuit, insulation coordination)coordination)

Preparation of specifications

Protection and control


Protection and control

ABB’s extra services for youS tSupport

Support during pre-tender stage Developing and optimizing economical transformer concept

Q i k i i f h i l l i f l Quick iterations of technical solutions for system planners Special PST design tool Quick budgetary costing


ABB’s extra services for youP j t ti d t t diProject execution and system studies

Professional project execution Project management Engineering Manufacturing Testingg Transport Erection/ commissioning After sales service


After sales service

ABB’s extra services for youP j t ti d t t diProject execution and system studies

System studies Load flow Insulation coordination Switching Transformer protectionp Transient overvoltage protection Short circuit withstand capability Energizing the line with the PST


Energizing the line with the PST

ABB’s extra services for youABB ti itiABB activities

Conferences

IEC/ IEEE standardization

New solution development

Consultancy

New solution development

Research & Development

Application support

Trouble shouting Trouble shouting

Protection & Control Protection & Control

Wide Area Monitoring (WAM)


ABB’s extra services for youS ti t i lSupporting material

IEC 62032 / IEEE C12.135 double logo standard

G id f th li ti Guide for the application, specification and testingof PSTs

Extensive technical presentation

PST fl PST flyer

PST reference list

PST h kli t PST checklist

PST fast tender tool(ABB internal use only)(ABB internal use only)

PST bibliography


thomas schmidt, global product manager phase shifters ... · with unbalanced load sharing of...

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