Jean Jacques Rousseau v. Mary Wollstonecraft

Thomas HobbesEnlightenment Philosopher:1Lived during a time of upheaval in England:Born on the day the English defeated the Spanish Armada.

Fled England after the beheading of Charles I.

2He wrote LeviathanPeople are by nature cruel, greedy, selfishWithout law man is by nature brutalIn a social contract, people give up their freedom for an organized society.

3Hobbes in Leviathan:

The ideal government is a strong, absolute monarch who can control the people.4E

Force and fraud in war the two cardinal virtues.5

As a draft-animal is yoked in a wagon, even so the spirit is yoked in this body.6

Curiosity is the lust of the mind.7F

Leisure is the mother of philosophy.8o

I am about to take my last voyage, a great leap in the dark.9Thomas HobbesEnglish PhilosopherAuthor of LeviathanBelieved man was by nature selfishDeveloped theory of Social ContractBelieved in Absolute Monarchy

10John Locke11John Locke

English PhilosopherPeople have natural rights:Life LibertyProperty

12John Locke (1632-1704)Influenced by the Glorious Revolution in England.Poor monarch replaced by better one.

13Right of RevolutionLocke argued that people have a right to overthrow unjust king.

14Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson used Lockes IdeasLifeLibertyPropertyPursuit of Happiness

15American Revolution based on Lockes Ideas

16Writings of Locke

Two Treatises of GovernmentEssay on the Laws on NatureLetters on Religious Toleration17

Logic is the anatomy of thought.18

There is frequently more to be learned from the unexpected questions of a child than the discoursed of men.19

Every man has a property in his own person. This nobody has a right to, but himself.20

To love our neighbor as ourselves is such a truth for regulating human society, that by that alone one might determine all the cases in social morality.21

The actions of men are the best interpreters of their thoughts.22

Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.23John Locke

English PhilosopherWrote Two Treatises of GovernmentHis ideas are used toJustify revolutionsCreate democracy United States

24Charles-Louis de SecondatBaron de Montesquieu25Montesquieu

French NoblemanLived 1689-1755Lived life of luxuryStudied LawAttended gatherings at Parisian salons

26Views on Humanity

Religion taught man to be intolerant; reason liberates them from prejudice.27Author of:

Spirit of LawsPersian Letters

28Spirit of Laws

Democracies need:Branches of GovernmentSystem of checks & balances to prevent corruption29 The love of democracy is that of equality.

30 The spirit of moderation should be the spirit of the lawgiver .

31 Lunch kills half of Paris, supper the other half.

32 Success in the majority of circumstances depends on knowing how long it takes to succeed.

33 I have never known any distress that an hours reading did not relieve.

34Montesquieu

French PhilosopherWrote Spirit of LawsMan is intolerantU. S. Constitution based on his ideas of sharing power: Checks & Balances35

Voltaire36Voltaire (1694-1778)French Playwright & HumoristCandide, 1759Marriage of FigaroErasez Linfame! (Crush injustice!)Used satire, wit, & wisdom

37ViewpointsPessimistic view of mankindBarbarism has lasted for centuries.Against Absolutism and aristocracyAll people are equal

Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.God gave us the gift of life , it is up to us to give ourselves the gift of living well.I may disagree with what you say, but I shall defend to the death your right to say it.The ear is the avenue to the heart.38Jean Jacques Rousseau v. Mary WollstonecraftRousseauFrenchWrote Social Contract

WollstonecraftEnglishWrote Vindication of the Rights of Women

Nature of ManRousseauNoble SavageAll men are born free but everywhere they are in shackles.Civilization had corrupted manEvils of contemporary politics and SocietyWollstonecraftMen and women are equalLet women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of man; for she must grow more perfect when emancipated.On GovernmentRousseauGovernment should be based on the general will of the people.Laws made from the general will should be obeyedIndividuals should be loyal to the communityWollstonecraftMen and women should have a voice in government.Women will protect the common good.Opposing Views on WomenRousseauWomen are inferior to menThey live in separate spheresAll women should breast feed their infantsThe only education women need is how to please men.WollstonecraftEducation strengthens the mind, body, and soul. To deny women an equal education is to keep them enslaved.Society will never achieve perfection, until women are educated.