THn AUERTcAN MrNERALocrsrJOURNAL OF THE MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Vol.34 MAY-JUNE, 1949 Nos. 5 and 6

Contributions to Canadian MineralogyVolume 5, Part I

Sponsored. by The 'Walker

Mineralogical ClubEdited by M. A. Peacock, Toronto

Fonnwono

In 192I, shortly after the organization of the Mineralogical Society ofAmerica (December 30, 1919), Professor T. L. Walker (1867-1942) andProfessor A. L. Parsons (now emeritus)-both charter fellows and in lateryears presidents of the Society-founded Contribfitions to Canad,ian Min-eralogy from the Department of Mineralogy and Petrography, Universityof Toronto. This annual publication was conducted by Professors Walkerand Parsons and, since I94I,by Professor M. A. Peacock; and from l92lto 1948 it has appeared without interruption in the Geological Series olthe Uniaersity of Toronto Studies. Since the founding of the Walker Min-eralogical Club in 1938, the periodical has been sponsored by the Clubas well as by the University; and after the u4ion of the Department ofMineralogy and Petrography and the Department of Geology andPalaeontology in 1945, the Canadian journal was issued by the combinedDepartment of Geological Sciences and the Walker Mineralogicat Club.

At the November 1948 meeting of the Council of the MineralogicalSociety of America, Professor (then President) Peacock reported that theUniversity of Toronto had decided to terminate the Uniaersity oJ TorontoStud.ies which, as a whole, had greatly declined, and that no practicalway had been found to continue the publication of Contributions toCanadian Mineralogy in Canada. fn order to preserve the continuity andintegrity of the Canadian Journal, the Council agreed to devote a regularissue of the American Mineralogist to a collection of papers by Canadianmineralogists, to be assembled and edited by Professor Peacock in consul-tation with the Editor oI the American Mineralogist. With this first issueoI Contributians to Canailian Minerology as a part of. The AmeriaanMineralogist, it is a pleasure to assist our Canadian colleagues to publishand distribute their valuable mineralogical results.

341

Wer,ren F. HuNr

Abstract.Introduction.M e t b o d s o f S t u d y . . . . . .

Scope of the Present PaPer

Material and Acknowledgments.

Mineral Descriptions.Tellurides of Gold. . . .Tellurides of Gold and SilverTeUurides of Si lver . . .Tel luridesof Copper.. . . .

THE TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR

OCCURRENCE IN CANADA1

R. M. TnorrPsoN2(Jnioersity oJ British Columbia, Vancouaer, B' C'

CoxrrNrs

3423423433M345345345350354J.) /

359J O I

3&J ' J

373J / J

Tellurides of Nickel and Iron

Tellurides of Lead and Mercury.

Tellutides of Bismuth. . .

Uncertain or Discredited Tellurides.

X-Ray Powder Photographs.

Canadian Telluride Localities

References 380

Assrnecr

A study of telluride minerals and ores, mainly by microscopic and *-ray methods, has

Ied to revised and condensed synoptic descriptions of tlle telluride minerals and a catalogue

of canadian telluride localities. The mineral descriptions contain new measurements of

specific gravity, some new cell dimensions, and numerous new '-ray powder patterns,

gi1ren in tables and reproductions; they also include the available chemical analyses of

Canadian materials and summaries of observed occurrences and associations. The topo-

graphic list of Canadian te.lluride localities distinguishes positive identifications by r-rays

from those based on older methods.

INrnopucrtort

The telluride minerals as a group are rarer than the sulphides and less

well known, and consequently they are of s.pecial interest to the ore min-

eralogist. At the same time the tellurides are unusually interesting to the

mining geologist and the prospector, as compounds of gold and silver or

as close associates and indicators of the precious metals. The four main

telluride districts are Nagydg (Transylvania), Kalgoorlie (Western Aus-

tralia), Cripple Creek (Colorado), and Kirkland Lake (Ontario), and all

of these are also important gold producing districts. The telluride min-

I Extracted from an unpublished Ph.D. thesis: Descriptive mineralogy of the tellurides

-U niaersity of Toronto, 1946.2 Assistant Professor of Mineralogy, Department of Geology.

342

TELLUKIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 343

erals of the Transylvanian deposits have been described principally bySchrauf (1878), those of Kalgoorli'e by Stillwell (1931), those of CrippleCreek by Genth (1868, 1877), Penfield & Ford (1902), and others, andthe Canadian localities have been recorded by Cairnes (1912), Todd(1929); and especially Ellis Thomson (I922-t937).

unlil recently the known canadian telluride localities have been al-most confined to Ontario and Quebec. The discovery ol a number ofbismuth tellurides in British columbia by Dr. H. v. warren led to anintensive study of these minerals and the bismuth-tellurium system byDr. M. A. Peacock QgaI; War,ren & Peacock, 1945), and as a result themembers of this group and their relations are better known. As a studentand assistant of Professor warren in Vancouver and later of professorPeacock in Toronto, the present writer became ipterested in the occur-rence of tellurides in British columbia and their persistent associationwith gold, and this led him to an extended study of these minerals andtheir occurrence in Canada.

Mnr,Eoos on Srunv

The study of a species commenced with an examination of hand speci-mens in daylight, and nnder the. binocular microscope. This revealedsuch properties as cleavage, colour, tarnish, and lustre, and permitted thedetermination of hardness, tenacity, and mineral association. Numerousspecific gravity measurements weie made on selected fragments, with theBerman torsion microbalance, which:uses samples of 10-20 mg. The min-erals studied are all opaque and therefore polished sections were made totest the homogeneity of the material, to observe the optical properties inreflected'light and the behaviour to the standard etch-reagents as re-corded by Short (1940), and occasionally to determine paragenetic re-Iationships. Numerous r-ray powder photographs were made to compareknown and doubtful materials. whenever the elements of the unit cellwere known or could be determined, the powder pattern was indexed asfar as it $eemed reasona.ble, giving standard r-ray powder patterns withevery line accounted for.

Telluride minerals often occur in srnall amount in ore, in intimate as-sociation with sulphides and gold. Precise determination is rarely possiblein such small areas by the usual microscopic means, as many of thetellurides have similar properties, and numerous errors have been madein identification. fn general, there is great,need for corroborative evidencein the determination of the rarer minerals in polished sections. such min-erals are often named on the basis of optical behaviour, etch-tests, andmicro-chemical tests which are not always sufficient. Mistakes in identifi-cation lead to embarrassment to the writers and confusion in the litera-

3M R. M, THOMPSON

ture. It is hoped that the time is rapidly approaching when all but the

commonest ore minerals will be positively identified by *-ray me&ns.The following procedure, based on the methods of Haycock and Har-

court, was used'to determine minerals present in areas as small as 20

microns in diameter in a polished section. A needle with a very sharp

point was applied to the area in question and a minute quantity detached

by slight scraping. A drop of collodion was placed on the scraping and

allowed to become almost dry before being collected by the needle and

transferred to the point of a finger where it was rolled into a small ball by

another finger. This ball was then placed on the end of a thin filament ofglass and centered in the r-ray camera. The resulting powder pattern on

a fraction of a milligram usually served definitely to identify the sub-

stance. In some cases, where the area scraped was less than 20 microns in

diameter, the pattern of the adjacent mineral or minerals was also present

and could often be identified.

Scopr oF TEE PnnsBNr P.lpan

A full account of the writer's work on the telluride minerals is given in

an unpublished Ph.D. thesis, and some of the results of this work have

already been published (Thompson, I946a, t946b, 1947; Peacock &

Thompson, 1946a, I9+6b). The present paper is restricted to criticallyrevised and condensed synoptic descriptions of all the known tellurideminerals, together with a catalogue of occurrences in Canada. The de-

scriptions emphasize the characters that can be determined by simpler

means, and most of the information has been confirmed or improved by

direct observation. Many new observations, notably measurements of

specific gravity, cell dimensions and *-ray powder patterns, are included.

To save space the indices (hkl) and the calculated spacings of the powder

patterns have been omitted. The catalogue of Canadian telluride occur-

rences and associations distinguishes those which have been established

by *-ray photographs from those based on earlier determinations. An

account of a study of the pyrosynthesis of the tellurides is reserved for

another occasion, and all discussion of the origin and economic value of

the tellurides is excluded from this purely descriptive paper. For con-

venience the tellurides are grouped according to the principal metal con-

stituents: gold (montbrayite, calaverite, krennerite); gold and silver(petzite, sylvanite); silver (hessite, empressite) ; copper (weissite, rickard-ite); nickel (melonite); iron (frohbergite); lead (altaite, nagyagite);mercury (coloradoite) ; bismuth (hedleyite, joseite, tellurbismuth, wehr-

lite, tetradymite); and finally the uncertain or discredited tellurides,stuetzite, muthmannite, niggliite, "antamokite" and "goldfieldite" are

briefly mentioned.

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 345

M.q.tr,nrar auo AcTNowLEDGMENTS

In the examination of any mineral species authentic material is ofgreat importance. f wish to express my thanks to Dr. V. B. Meen of theRoyal Ontario Museum of Geology and Mineralogy who kindly placedat my disposal many excellent and typical specimens; to Mr. R. A.Bryce of Macassa Mines for several spectacular specimens of ore from theRobb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, Quebec; to Dr. M. H.Frohberg for a large number of specimens from northern Ontario,

Quebec and elsewhere; to Dr. H. Hopkins for specimens from theWright-Hargreaves Mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario; to Dr. E. P. Hender-son of the United States National Museum for type specimens of empreS-site and "antamokite"; to Professor H. E. T. Haultain for specimens ofsylvanite and native tellurium; to Mr. S. A. Pain for an excellent speci-men of hessite and petzite; to the several mining companies in Ontarioand Quebec for supplying specimens of telluride ores for study; to Dr.H. V. Warren of the University of British Columbia for several speci-mens of telluride ores. Finally I am much indebted to Professor M. A.Peacock, under whom this work was carried out, for spending much timeassisting me in the course of this study and in the preparation df thisreport.

MrNBnar, DBScnrprroxss

Tellurid.es of Gold.Montbrayite-Au2Te3

Triclinic, PI; a:12.08, b:13.4,3, c:10.78, a:104" 301', B:97" 34i', t=107" 53L';Z:12 (Peacock & Thompson, 1946b).

Massive but sometimes with interrupted parting planes. Yellowish-white colour, paler than calaverite, with splendent metallic lustre. Verybritt le, breaking with a flat-conchoidal fracturel H:2+ (C); G:9.9a.

Polished sections creamy-white like krennerite and distinctly less whitethan altaite. Reflection pleochroism rarely perceptible; weak to moderateanisotropism (light gray, light yellow-brown, blue-gray). The mineralmakes coarse solid mosaics with optically continuous areas often severalmillimeters in width. HNOa (1:1), strong effervescence with a lightyellow-brown stain; several small (50 micron) circular areas staining lightgray; after the drop has been removed an "alligator-skin" etch-patterndevelops leaving the circular areas in relief ; HNO3 (3:2), slower efferves-cence; surface stains light brown with development of small circular areassimilar to the above which are also stained light brown; after the drophas been removed an etch-pattern develops with one prominent direc-

3 Lattice dimensions tlrroughout this paper are in kX units. New measurements arebased on the wavelengths CuKa, : l.gJ/4, FeKet : 1.9321 kX.

R. M, TEOMPSON

tionl an epidermis a few microns thick tends to come off and curl up atthe edges; this may be completely removed with hard buffing, the surfaceagain becoming apparently homogeneous; HNOa (conc.), very slow ef-fervescencel surface stains uniformly light gray-brown; no etch-patterndevelops after the drop has been removed; circular areas absent; HCl,KCN, FeClg, KOH, HgCl2, negative.

X-Ray Powiler Patlun (Peacock & Thompson, 1946b; frg,. l)

I

2I2I2I

1

881

II

a(Cu) d(meas.) a(Cu) d(meas.)

2 r . 3 2 . 1 221 .65 2.0822 .2 2 .032 2 . 9 1 . 9 7 523 .8 1 .90524.45 1.85724.75 1.83625. 5 | .7862 6 . 6 1 . 7 r 726 .9 r . 69931 .05 1 .490

'a(Cu) d(meas.)

s .9 7 .489 .9 4 .47

10 .9 4 .0711 .65 3 .81t2 .6 3 .5213 .8 3 .2215 .0 2 . 9715.25 2.921 8 . 1 2 . 4 718 .9 2 .3719.7s 2.27

I

10II

I

1z1

222

2d

1

1

I

1tn

12

I

31 .8 1 .45932 .2 r . 44333 .5 1 .39335.05 1.33935 .55 1 .32235.95 1.30939.4 t .z t l39.9 1.19847 .6 1.04155. 1 0.93756.1 0.926

Occurrence: This species was found at the Robb-Montbray Mine,Montbray Township, Quebec, and described in detail by Peacock &Thompson (1946b). The gold telluride is abundant in some specimens(about 20 specimens are known to have been preserved) forming equidi-mensional masses sometimes exceeding 1 cm. in diameter. Freshly brokensurfaces show coarsely crystallized aggregates of montbrayite, tellurbis-muth, altaite, melonite, gold, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. fn polished sec-tions the following minerals are found in contact with montbrayite orenclosed within the gold telluride; altaite, tellurbismuth, petzite, gold,chalcopyrite, melonite, and frohbergite. Altaite, with small amounts ofgold and petzite, occurs in thin stringers cutting montbrayite. Tellurbis-muth with subordinate altaite and small patches of petzite make ovoidinclusions with a eutectoid structure, irregularly distributed throughrnontbrayite. fn total bulk these inclusions might amount to 10 per centof the montbrayite and in some cases they reach 1 mm. in diameter. fnordinary light the altaite shows as straight or curved bluish-white bandswithin the tellurbismuth, which is faintly reddish-white by contrast andnot easily distinguished from the surrounding montbrayite. Crossed ni-cols emphasize the anisotropic tellurbismuth, and staining with HCIdarkens the bands of altaite. These inclusions have the appearance ofexsolution products. Petzite occurs as irregular areas often surroundingand traversing patches of montbrayite, and occasionally cutting altaite,

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND TEEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 347

tellurbismuth, and melonite. Subhedral crystals of melonite, with or with-

out partial rims of petzite, occur in montbrayite, but the best crystal out-

iines are shown by isolated plates of melonite in altaite. The chalcopyritedoes not occur in the montbrayite itself but at the boundaries of altaite,

tellurbismuth, petzite, and gold with montbrayite. Gold occurs abun-

dantly in areas rich in pyrite and replaces subhedral crystals of the latter'

Marcasite, chalcocite, and covellite are present in minor amounts.

Analysis 1 A

Au . . . . . 44 .32 50 .77A g . . . . 0 . 5 5P b . . . . . l . 6 l8 i . . . . . 2 . 8 1s b . . . . . 0 . 9 0Te . . . . . 49 .80 49 .23

gg.gg 100J0

1. Montbrayite with visible inclusions of tellurbismuth, altaite, and petzite. Anal. Wil-liams (in Peacock & Thompson, 19460).

A. Calculated for Au:Teg.

Calaverite-AuTez

Monoclinic, C2/m; a:7.18, b:4.4A, e :5.07,0:90'*30'; Z:2 (Ttnel l ' & Ksanda,

1e3s).

Bladed or lath-like crystals, stout or slender prisms, also massive,granular to indistinctly crystalline. Pale brass-yellow in colour like pyrite,

with high metallic lustrel twice observed with a peculiar bronzy-purpletarnish. Very brittle, breaking with a sub-conchoidal to uneven fracturelno c leavage. H:2+-3 (C); G:9.10-9.40 (R.M.T.) .

Polished sections creamy-white with moderate anisotropism (light

gray, brown, dark gray), showing moderately coarse-grained mosaics-.

HNOa (1:1) stains light brown with effervescence; after the drop has

been removed and the surface dried, an etch-cleavage develops showing

one prorninent direction; a few small circular areas similar to those de-

veloped in montbrayite and krennerite are less afiected; HNOa (3:2)

stains light brown with effervescence; after the drop has been removed

and the surface dried a two directional etch-pattern with several rela-

tively unetched circular areas develops; with hard buffing the etch-

cleavage pattern and circular areas may be removed; the surface under-

neath becoming perfectly smooth and apparently homogeneous; HNO3(conc.) gives purplish-brown stain and a series of very fine closely spaced

Iines; HCl, KCN, negative; FeCls slowly stains light brownl KOH'

HgCh negative. These observations on unoriented sections are in good

agreement with those given by Short (1937).

348 R. M. THOMPSON

a(Cu) d(meas.) a(Cu) d(meas.) |

o(Cu) d(meas.)

I12

10J

48z1aI2I2

IJ

112

2J

3

12

2

i

1

1tI12a

8 . 8 5 . 0 21 1 . 8 3 . 7 614 .8 3 .0115 .25 2 .9220 .5 2 . t 92 r . 6 2 . 0 921 .95 2 .062 2 . 5 2 . 0 r23 .4 1 .93624.7 1 .8402 5 . 5 1 . 7 8 626 .0 1 .75427 . r5 1 .68530 .0 1 .53730 .8 1 .501

31 .8 | . 45932 .5 1 .43 r3 3 . 9 r . 3 7 835. 1 1 .33735 .9 1 .31138 .05 1 .2473 8 . 8 r . 2 2 739.4 1.2r140 .05 1 .19541 .5 1 .16044.65 | .09445.4 1.08145 .9 1 .07047 .2 1 .04848.4 t.028

50. 1 | .00252 .1 0 .97454.r 0.94955 .4 0 .93456 .7 0.92059.9 0.88863 .7 0 .85765 .7 0.84369 .9 0.8197r .2 0.8r272 .1 0 .80876 .9 0 .77982.3 0.776

2

z1

I2

4I1I1I1I

Occurrences: Rhodesia, Western Australia, Philippine fslands, Salva-dor, New Mexico, California, Colorado. At Kalgoorlie, Western Aus-tralia, as small compact masses (2X5 mm.) in a chip of chlorite schist; atthe Benguet Consolidated Mine, Antamok, Mountain Province, Philip-pine Islands, in a specimen of somewhat vuggy quaftz with disseminatedchalcopyrite, gold, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, calaverite, and pyrite;at Cripple Creek, Colorado, in several specimens of a fine-grained vol-canic rock with fine-grained purple fluorite and calaverite as thin laths(1 X 5 mm.) or disseminated; also as two small crystals. Polished sectionsfrom Cripple Creek, Colorado, show calaverite as large irregular lath-likeareas in gangue. The mineral contains small inclusions of pyrite and alsoreplaces it; no free gold was observed in the sections.

fn Canada calaverite has been identified by x-ray photographs at theWright-Hargreaves, Bidgood, Macassa, Toburn, Lake Shore, KirklandGolden Gate, and Upper Canada Mines, Kirkland Lake Area, Ontario, assmall compact masses or disseminations in quartz, calcite, or alteredporphyry, in association with other tellurides, sulphides, and free gold; atthe Miller fndependence Mine, Boston Creek, Pacaud Township, in apolished section with chalcopyrite, pyrite, and sphalerite. Also at the La-maque Mine, Bourlamaque Township, Quebec, in a specimen of whitequartz with small plates of tellurbismuth and massive calaverite; at theLouvicourt Goldfields Mine, Louvicourt Township, Quebec, in severalspecimens of tourmalinized. qtartz with much free gold and small areas ofcalaverite and tarnished tellurbismuth in close association with calcite:at the Canadian Malartic GoId Mine, Fourniere Township, Quebec, as

X-Ray Powiler Pattern (R.M.T.; fie. 2)

TELLT]MDE MINERALS AND TEEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 349

massive milky quartz with occasional 1 mm. grains of calaverite; and at

the Horne Mine, Noranda, Quebec, in several pieces of greenstone with

altaite, petzite, and calaverite in coarsely crystalline masses or inter-

grown with tellurbismuth.Calaverite has also been reported from British Columbia, as a brass-

yellow telluride (apparently calaverite) from the Engineer Mines, Taku

Arm, Tagish Lake, Atlin Mining Division (Cairnes, 1912, p. 193); from

Glacier Gulch, near Smithers (Pratt, 1931, p. 56);in Ontario from Pain-

kil ler Lake, Beatty Township (Hopkins, 1915, p' 180);the Boston Mc-

Rae Mine, Pacaud Township (Thomson, 1922, p- 97); from Bigstone

Bay, Lake of the Woods (Thomson, 1935, p. 48); from the Teck-Hughes

and Sylvanite Mines, Kirkland Lake (Todd,1929, pp. 81-83)'

Calaverite from the Macassa Mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario, occurs

disseminated throughout q\artz, also with gold, filling fractures in

qrartz. Large areas of calaverite often have small particles of gold at-

tached. The calaverite appears to have replaced the fine grained pyrite

with which it is associated. The writer's observations are in agreement

with those of other workers as to the paragenesis at Cripple Creek, and

Kirkland Lake, namely that the sulphides were formed first followed by

tellurides and finally gold.

1 aI L

39.36 38 .550. 30 0 .225 . 2 0 6 . 4 90.24 trace0. 33 0 .70

54.32 52.700 . 1 2 0 . 5 50 .24 0 . 60

100.11 99 .81 100.00

1. Calaverite, Lake Shore Mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario, with minor altaite; incl' Hg,

Bi, Se, none. Anal. Rickaby (in Todd, t929,p' 77).2. Calaverite, wright-Hargreaves Mine, Kirkland Lake, ontario, with minor altaite,

pyrite, and chalcopyrite; incl. Hg, Bi, Se, none. Anal. Rickaby (in Todd, 1929, p. 78)'

A. Calculated for AuTez.

Krennerite-(Au, Ag)Ter

Orthorhombic, Pbm2; a:8.80, b:16.51, c:4.45; Z:8 (Tunell & Ksanda, 1936)'

Highly modified short vertically striated prismatic crystals, cleavage

fragments, and grains. Silver-white in colour tarnishing to light brass-

yellow' Perfect basal cleavage and uneven fracture, Brittle; H:2i Q);

G:8.62 .

A

43.59

56.41

R. M. THOMPSON

Polished sections creamy-white, weakly anisotropic (light gray to darkgray) on a basal section. HNor (1:1) stains light brown with efierves-cence; after the drop has been removed, a distinct two directional etch-cleavage pattern develops; HNoa (3:2) gives a similar stain and etch-cleavage pattern appears but relatively unetched circular areas appearirregularly distributed over the surface; HNOB (conc.) stains light brownand develops a few,irregular flakes; HCl, KCN negative; FeCls stainslight yellow; KOH gives light gray-brown tarnish; HgClz negative.

d(Cu) d(meas.) d(Cu) d(meas.) a(Cu) d(meas.)

IJ

104I

4

9 . 4 4 . 7 11r .25 3.9414. f f i 3 .0515 .05 2 .9619 .15 2 .3420.1 2.242 1 . 3 5 2 . r l

2 t . 8 2 . 0 722 .95 r . 97 t23.55 1.9242s .65 r . 77626.25 1 . 73827 .0 1 .69330.45 l .s t7

31.7 1.46333.35 l 39834.75 1.34835 .8 r . 3 r437.45 1.26438.75 1.22839.85 1. r99

J

IIJ

I2

3J

J

a

34II5

rn canada krennerite has been reported in ontario, from the AshleyMine, Bannockburn Township (Thomson, 1932, p.27); from the Mc-

analyses of reported Canadian occurrences.

Tellurid,es of Gold. and. SilaerPetzite-AgaAuTez

Crystal system unknown, usdally massive with no trace of crystalform. Bright steel-gray with a mauve tinge to nearly jet-black, tarnishingfrom bronze-yellow to sooty black. No cleavage but srightry sectile tobritt le with a sub-conchoidal fracture. H:2+ 1n*); G:9.13 (R.M.T.).

Polished sections galena-white but violet-gray to dull gray in contactwith other tellurides, sulphides, or gold; rarely shows triangular pits; iso-tropic. HNOa quickly stains iridescent; HCI stains iridescent; KCN

X-Ray Powiler Pat!.ern (R.M.T.; fie. 3)

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND TEEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 351

negative; FeC[ quickly stains iridescent; KOH negative; HgCl, slowlystains brown.

Petzite is not readily distinguished from coloradoite, empressite, orsome types of tetrahedrite in hand specimens. Coloradoite, empressite,and tetrahedrite are quite brittle and show no sign of sectility whentested with a steel needle under a binocular. Petzite is at first slightlysectile but with increasing pressure particles snap off. The brownish-redstreak of tetrahedrite helps to distinguish it from petzite. If a purpletarnish is not present on coloradoite, the mineral is indistinguishablefrom petzite.

X-Roy Powilu Pallern (.R.M.T.; fig.4)

d(Cu) d(meas. d(Cu) d(meas.) d(Cu) d(meas.)

222

I

10t

J

3

n

321

5 . 9 7 . 512.1 3 .6713.6 3 .2714.9 2.99t 6 . t 2 . 7 71 7 . 2 5 2 . 5 918.35 2 .441 9 . 4 2 . 3 12 1 . 3 2 . 1 12 2 . 3 2 . 0 22 3 . 9 1 . 8 9 724.9 r .82629.55 1 .558

23

30.25 1.52531 .0 r . 49231 .8 1 .45832 .4 r . 43433.15 1. .10533.85 1.38035 .85 1 .31236. 5 | .29237 .2 t . 27139.8 1.20041 .05 t . 17042 .3 1 .14243.05 r .126

I

I

I

LI2I

1I

I2I

I

I

43.6 1 .1144.25 I . 101MS 1 .08946.0 1 .06947 .5 r .04349.95 1.0045 1 . 1 0 . 9 8 85 3 . 1 0 . 9 6 156.7 0 .92059.3 0 .894ff i .g 0.88062.35 0 .868

Occurrences : Transylvania,'Western Australia, Colorado; also reportedfrom Nbw Mexico, California, Oregon, New Zealand, Korea, Siberia, andAsia Minor. Identified at Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, as several smallchips associated with coloradoite and krennerite; at Gold Hill, BoulderCounty, Colorado, as a compact mass 10 X 10 mm.; and at the Red CloudMine, Boulder County, Colorado, as a compact mass associated withtetradymite and pyrite.

fn Canada, the occurrence of petzite from numerous localities has beenconfirmed by tc-ray powder photographs. In British Columbia, at theHedley Monarch Mine, Osoyoos Mining Division, as minute areas inpolished section associated with altaite and hessite. fn Manitoba, at theSan Antonio Mine, near Bissett, in a specimen of quartz with small areasof calcite containing abundant gold and small grains of petzite. fn On-tario at the Ardeen (Moss) Mine, Moss Township, together with hessite,as a massive black crust 5 mm. thick on one surface of vein quartz; atthe Lake Shore Mine, Kirkland Lake, as disseminations in quartz por-

I

1

352 R. M. TEOMPSON

phyry and associated with chalcopyrite and gold; at the Toburn Mine,Kirkland Lake, as a specimen of brecciated quartz and country rock withsmall areas of petzite and coloradoite associated with pyrite and molyb-denite as a film on one surfacel at the Upper Canada Mine, GauthierTownship, as small areas in contact with calaverite in sheared porphyry,associated with ahaite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and gold; at the HollingerMine, Porcupine district, in several specimens showing petzite as com-pact masses, small streaks, or disseminated throughout quartz or alongcleavage planes of ankerite. In Quebec, at the Canadian Malartic Mine,Fourniere Township, as minute grains in milky quartz, associated withwehrlite, gold, and pyrite; at the Lamaque Mine, Bourlamaque Town-ship, as an intimate intergrowth with a 4 mm. gold crystal; at the Stada-cona Mine, Rouyn, as small areas in a qtartz calcite gangue; at the Robb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, as small amounts in polished sec-tions associated with montbrayite, melonite, frohbergite, altaite, and tel-lurbismuth; at the Horne Mine, Noranda, Quebec, as several specimenswith petzite as a coating or as compact masses associated with calaveriteand coarsely crystalline altaite; at the Bevcourt Mine, LouvicourtTownship,,disseminated with altaite, wehrlite, and gold in massive whitequartz; and at the Sullivan Consolidated Mines, disseminated with tel-Iurbismuth in massive white quartz.

Petzite has also been reported in Canada from the Yukon Territory,British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. fn the Yukon Territory, fromthe Gold Reef Claim on Gold Hill, Wheaton River district (Cairnes, 1912,p. 192); in British Columbia from the Calumet Claim, Kruger Mountain,Osoyoos Lake, Osoyoos Mining Division, and the Enterprise Claim, Long

Anal,yses 1

A u . . 1 1 . 1 0Ag. . 49.57H g . . . . .PbFeCoAsTe

2 32r.56 23.69r34.86 4r .0626.900 .24 0 .07 r

0 .76 0 .56 t r ace0 . 7 61 .20

33.62 33.40 32.0072 .38 0.80 0 .O97

A25.424 r . 71

32 .87Insol

99.39 98.32 96.928 100.00

l. Petzite, Hollinger Mine, Porcupine district, Ontario; incl. S, Sb, Ni, trace. Anal.Rickaby (in Walker & Parsons, 1925, p.40). Perhaps hessite with included gold.

2. Petzite, Sylvanite Mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario, with microscopic coloradoite;incl.Cu, S, trace, Bi, Se, none. Anal. Rickaby (in Todd, 1929, p. 8l).

3. Petzite, Ifuronian Mine, Moss Township, Ontario (Srnith, 1890, p. 439).A. Calculated for Ag3AuTez.

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 353

Lake, Greenwood Mining Division (Hofimann, 1897, p. 12R); in Ontariofrom the Labine-Smith Claims, Maisonville Township (Burrows & Hop-kins, 1914, p. 35); from the McKenzie Red Lake Gold Mines, Red Lake(Hoiles, in Horwood, 1945, p. 166); the Anderson Farm, Benoit Town-ship (Burrows, 1917, p. 250); the Sylvanite and Wright-HargreavesMines in the Kirkland Lake field (Todd, 1929, pp.80-83); from the

Jackson-Manion Mine, Dent Township (Bruce, 1928, p. 30); from Big-stone Bay, Lake of the Woods (Thomson, 1935, p. 48); in Quebec, fromthe Opasatica district (Harvie, l9l2,p.166; previously reported as sylvan-ite).

Sylvanite-AuAgTea

Monoclinic, P2/c; a:8.94, b:4.48, c:74.59, 9:145" 26'-t20t; Z:2 (Tunell &Ksanda, 1937).

Complex prismatic, thick tabular, skeletal or bladed crystals; imper-fectly columnar to granular. Contact, lamellar, or penetration twins giv-ing arborescent forms resembling written characters (graphic tellurium,Schrifterz). Silver white colour with brilliant metallic lustre, tarnishing toa light yellow. Cleavage perfect side pinakoidal; brittle; H:2 (C); G:8.24 (R.M.T., Kalgoorlie). Not readily distinguished from native tel-lurium and krennerite in fresh hand specimens.

Polished sections pleochroic (creamy-white to creamy-gray) often withmarked lamellar twinning, and moderately to strongly anisotropic (light

!ray, brownish-gray to dark violet-gray). HNO3 (1:1) quickly stainsbrown, twinning becomes pronounced and a finely irregular and occasion-ally rectangular etch-cleavage develops when the drop is on the specimen;HNOB (3:2) stains through iridescent to reddish-brown with develop-ment of a two directional etch-pattern in which one direction predomi-nates; HNO3 (conc.) stains dark gray-brown, with no etch-cleavage pat-tern; HCl, KCN negative; FeC[ leaves a light yellow-brown stain (rubsclean); KOH, HgCl negative. These observations were made on a randomsection. The following properties are useful in distinguishing sylvanitefrom calaverite, krennerite, and montbrayite in polished sections:marked pleochroism;lamellar twinning; absence of circular areas on etch-ing with HNO3; the very quick reaction to various strengths of HNOa;the fact that an etch-cleavage pattern develops while the drop is on thespecimen.

Occurrences : Transylvania, Western Australia, Fiji Islands, Colorado,Oregon. Sylvanite was confirmed at Nagy6g, Transylvania, on a speci-men of phonolite with single crystals, twins and cleavable masses ofsylvanite as a thin film on one surface; at Kalgoorlie, Western Australia,as two small cleavage fragmentsl and at Vatukoula, Fiji fslands, as

354 R. M.'THOMPSON

X-Ray Powiler Patlern (R.M.T.; fig. 5)

0(Cu) d(meas.) o(Cu) d(meas.) d(Cu) d(meas.)

1

II2

11I

10zI2I

3

I

6 . 0 7 . 3 58 . 7 5 . 0 89 . 8 4 . 5 2

1 1 . 1 5 3 . 9 7t t .6 3 .82t 4 . l 3 . 1 61 4 . 6 5 3 . 0 41 5 . 0 2 . 9 71 8 . 1 2 . 4 71 8 . 7 5 2 . 3 920.0 2 .252 t . o 2 . 1 42 1 . 3 2 . 1 2

I3a

2I

1I

I2

12I

I1

21 .65 2 .082 2 . 8 1 . 9 8 42 4 . 7 5 1 . 8 3 625.4 r .79226.05 1 . 75026.65 | .7 142 7 . 9 r . 6 4 32 9 . 3 t . 5 7 13 0 . 4 1 . 5 1 931 .0 r .49s3 1 . 6 1 . 4 6 73 2 . 9 1 . 4 1 53 3 . 0 t . A t l

34 .4 1 .36134.9 | .34435.65 t .3 r93 7 . 1 5 r . 2 7 23 8 . 5 5 7 . 2 3 339.1 r .2 r9N . 2 5 1 . 1 9 04 2 . 6 1 . 1 3 64 5 . 1 5 1 . 0 8 447 . l r .04948.9 1.02450 .3 0 .999

several specimens of skeletal crystals and cleavable masses in vuggyqvartz, associated with native tellurium and pyrite.

No Canadian specimen of sylvanite was available for study. Sylvanitehas been reported from the Yukon Territory, Ontario, and Quebec. In theYukon, from the Gold Reef Claim, Gold Hill, and the Buffalo HumpGroup, Mount Stevens, Wheaton district (Cairnes, 1912, p. 192); in On-tario, from the Ardeen (Huronian) Mine, Moss Township, in a RoyalCommission Report, but an analysis of this mineral by Smith (1890, p.439) agrees closely with that of petzite; from Bigstone Bay, Lake of theWoods, and the Dome Mine, Porcupine district (Dana, 1944, p. 340);from the Gold Eagle Mine, Red Lake (McGill in Horwood, 1945, p. 11a);from the Howey Gold Mine, Red Lake (Cornford in Horwood, 1945, p.144);in Quebec, Harvie reported sylvanite from the Opasatica district,Pontiac County in 1910 but later revised his determination to petzite(1912, p. 166) ; and from the Horne Mine, Noranda (Price, 1934, p. 132).

Tellurides oJ SiloerIlessite-AgzTe

Crystal system unknown; the powder pattern does not index on lhemonoclinic elements of Tokody (1932,1934).

Usually massive, occasionally in highly modified, distorted cubic orpseudocubic crystals, compact, or fine granular. Dark lead-gray, usuallytarnishing to black, dull gray, or bronze. No cleavage but sectile with anuneven f racture. H:2+ (A) ; G:8.a1 (R.M.T.) .

Polished sections light gray, moderately anisotropic with polarizationcolors, gray, steel-blue, bornite-pink; characteristic confused lamellartwinning. HNO3 stains iridescent to black; HCI slowly stains black; nega-

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 355

tive on some areas; KCN on some specimens slowly stain black, on othersnegative; FeC[ quickly stains iridescent; KOH negative; HgCl2 tarnisheslight brown.

Hessite resembles argentite but the latter yields metallic shavingswhereas hessite yields a powder when scratched.

X-Ray Pozuiler Pattern (R.M.T.; fig. 6)

1

II

I2

268121

1

10

a(cu) a(meas.)l d(Cu) d(meas.)

20 .05 2 .242 0 . 5 2 . 1 92 r . r 2 . 1 422 .55 2 .O023 .2 1 .95123 .6 r . 92024 .7 I .84025 .0 1 .81925 .8 | . 76626.4 | .72927 .05 1 .690

d(Cu) d(meas.)

6 . 2 7 . 1 29 .8 4 .52

r r . 9 3 .731 3 . 1 3 . 3 9r4.0 3 . 1814.85 3.0015 .6 2 . 8616 .0 2 .7916.65 2.6818 .35 2 .441 9 . 5 2 . 3 0

726

I21

a

2t

I

I

II

28 .8 1 .59629 .1 1 .58129.95 1.54032 .2 t . 443ss.7 1 38535 .1 r . 33736.2 r .30237 . t 1 .27438.2 1.243n .3 1 .189

Occurrences: Altai Mountains (Siberia), Transylvania, Asia Minor,Western Australia, Chile, Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona, California,Colorado, Utah. Hessite was confirmed on a specimen from Bot6s, Tran-sylvania, in crystalline sphalerite with a few poorly developed crystals ofhessite on a group of compact quartz crystals; and from Gold Hill,Boulder County, Colorado, as a 5X5 mm. globular mass.

fn Canada the occurrence of hessite has been established by r-raypowder photographs from the following localities. In the Yukon Territoryfrom Upper Burwash Creek, as a number of small nuggets of gold andhessite from the placer workings of Mr. G. Loland; and from the BuffaloHump Group on Mount Stevens, Wheaton River district, as sparse dis-seminations in quartz with galena. In British Columbia, from the MarbleBay, and Little Billie Mines, Texada Island, as minute amounts in closeassociation with chalcopyrite, bornite, and wehrlite in polished sections;at the Harrison Group, Lindquist Lake, Omineca Mining Division, asmicroscopic amounts in polished sections; from the Con West property,Taseko Lake, Clinton Mining Division, as small areas embedded inchalcopyrite in polished sections; from the Pellaire Gold Mines property,Taseko Lake, Clinton Mining Division, as several small grains with freegold obtained with the superpannerl from the Lakeview and North StarClaims, Long Lake, Greenwood Mining Division, as compact masses ofsomewhat granular hessite 20X20 mm. with a few small quartz crystals;from the Boundary District, as a few small isolated fragments; and from

356 R. M, THOMPSON

the Hedley Monarch Mine, Osoyoos Mining Division, as a ] mm. area ina polished section, in contact with altaite and petzite. fn Ontario, fromthe Ardeen (Moss) Mine, Moss Township, as grains of hessite and altaitein a gangue ol quartz and calcite; and also, together with petzite, as amassive black crust, 5 mm. thick, on one surface of vein quartz with goldand hessite in the form of f mm. bronzy to black fiIms partially coveringtwo other surfaces; at the Hollinger Mine, Porcupine district, as thinfilms on cleavage planes of ankerite; at a prospect in Tisdale Township,Porcupine area, as a specimen of vein quartz with a 4 mm. area of hessiteand gold at the contact of a serpentine stringer; and at the Kirkland LakeMine, Kirkland Lake, as coarsely crystalline calcite with grains of hessiteassociated with small compact masses of coloradoite, chalcopyrite andtetrahedrite. In Quebec at the Sullivan Mine, Bourlamaque Township,as disseminated grains in qttartz and associated with tourmaline, pyrite,chalcopyrite and gold.

Hessite has also been reported elsewhere in Canada, from the YukonTerritory, British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. In the Yukon Terri-tory from the Gold Reef Claim on Gold Hill, Wheaton River district(Cairnes, 1912, p. 192); in British Columbia from the Calumet Claim,Kruger Mountain, Osoyoos Mining Division (Hoffmann, 1897, p. 12R);from Liddle Creek, Kaslo River, W. Kootenay district (Hofimann, 1897,p. 10R); in Ontario, from Gold Creek, Pine Portage Bay, Lake of theWoods (Coleman, 1896, p. 105); from the Powell Claim, Deloro Town-ship (Burrows, 1912, p. 229) I from Bigstone Bay, Lake of the Woods(Thomson, 1935, p. 48);from the Toburn (Tough-Oakes) Mine, KirklandLake (Campbell & Deyell, in Burrows & Hopkins, 1914, p.23); in Quebecfrom the McWatters Mine, Rouyn Township (Hawley, in Thomson,1935, p.48); and the Horne Mine, Noranda (Price, 1934,p. 132).

AnoJyses 1

A u . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 2 9A g . . . . . . . . 6 0 . 6 8T e . . . . . . . . . 3 7 . 3 3F e . . . . . . . . . . .

a

61 .0135.40

0 . 1061 .88

I

trace62.0129.62

r - / o

A

6 2 . 8 6J ' . I *

100.30 96.41 93.39 100.00

Mining Division, B. C. Anal.1. Hessite, Lakeview Claim, Long Lake, GreenwoodGuess & Guess (in lloffman, 1897, p. 12R).

2. Hessite, Gold Creek, Pine Portage Bay, Lake of the Woods, Ontario. Anal. Lawson(in Coleman, 1896, p. 105).

3. Hessite, Powell Claim, Deloro Township, Ontario (Burrows, 1912, p.229).4. Hessite, Huronian Mine, Moss Township, Ontario (Smith, 1890, p. 440).A. Calculated for Ag2Te.

TELLT]RIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 357

Empressite-AgsTe3a

Massive to finely granular, with no indication of crystal form. Heavymetallic lustre and an almost jet black colour, like petzite but with a

slight bronzy cast. No cleavage, but with a finely conchoidal to unevenf rac tu re l H :3+ (C ) ; G :7 .61+0 .01 (R .M.T . ) .

Polished sections give a smooth surface which shows strong reflectionpleochroism (light gray-mauve to creamy-white, depending on the orien-

tation) and intense anisotropism (white, yellowish green, russet-brown,

brown, dark blue). The mineral makes a solid moderately coarse-grainedmosaic. HNO3, slow effervescence and slow iridescent stain which may be

removed by hard buffing; HCl, KCN, negative; FeC[, iridescent stain

which remains on buffing; KOH, negative; HgCl2, quick iridescent stain

which remains on buffinq.

X-Ray Pouder Pattern (R.M.T.; fre. 7)

1

I

1

t

12

L

I2

1

d(Cu) d(meas.)

10 .1 4 .38tr .2 3.96r 2 . 5 3 . 5 51 3 . 1 3 . 3 913 .8 3 . 2214.7 3 .0315 .8 2 . 8217 .0 2 .6317 .6 2 .54

d(Cu) d(meas.)

20. t 2.2420 .8 2 .162 1 . 3 2 . 1 222 .2 2 .0323 .5 1 .92823 .8 1 .90524.3 I .86827 .6 1 .659

d(Cu) d(meas.)

1t0

z

29.9 1 .54231 .8 I .4593 2 . 2 5 l . 4 l32 .65 1 .4253 4 . 8 1 . 3 4 735 .8 1 .3 t436.6 1 .2893 7 . O 1 . 2 7 7

2I

I212

Occurrences: This mineral has been found only in Colorado. A specimenfrom the Empress Josephine Mine, Kerber Creek District (type locality),

is a compact mass of empressite partially covered with a coating of a

clay-like material with disseminated yellowish brown sphalerite and

finely crystalline pyrite; on one corner is a small area of galena. Estab-

lished also at the Red Cloud Mine, Boulder County (mislabelled petzite),

as sparse disseminations in rock with altaite.

Tellurid.es of Copper

W'eissite-Cu:Te

Pseudocubic; a:7.22 (R.M.T.) ; Z:8.

Massive with irregular fracture. Bluish-black tarnishing to black. No

cleavage; H:3 (B) ; G=6.Polished sections light gray with moderate anisotropism (pink, bluish-

a This composition is indicated by pyrosyntheses.

358 R. M. THOMPSON

gray to blue), like chalcocite. The mineral is sponge-like with ganguefilling the cavities. HNO3 effervesces and stains brownl HCI stains light-brownl KCN stains light-brown; FeCls stains brownl KOH slowly stainslight-brown; HgClr stains light-brown.

X-Ray Powila Pattan (R.M.T.; fie 8)

dCu) d(meas.) 0(Cu) d(meas.) o(Cu) d(meas.)

10

I2224

6 .1 7 . 2312.15 3.6513 .85 3 .2116.4 2 .7217 .45 2 .56t9.7 2.2820 .7 2 .1721 .6 2 .O9

52I11

1n3I2

2 2 . 7 1 . 9 9 22 5 . 1 5 1 . 8 0 92 6 . 0 1 . 7 5 428.4 1.6162 9 . 1 5 1 . 5 7 829.9 1 .5423 2 . r 1 . 4 4 732 .9 1 .415

I21

12II

I

34.3 1.3&35 .0 r .3403 7 . 0 1 . 2 7 739.8 1 .20140 .3 r . 18942.3 1.14243 .0 1 .12745.0 1.087

Occurrences: Colorado, Japan. The only material available for studywas a small chip of tarnished weissite disseminated through gangue, fromthe Good Hope Mine, Vulcan, Colorado. This mineral has not been foundin Canada.

Rickardite-CurTeg

Tetragonal, P4/nmm; a:3.97, c:6.11 (Peacock); Z:1.

Not observed with crystal form; massive with an irregular fracture.Deep purplish-red tarnishing to a purplish-brown. Brittle with H:3*(B ) ; G :7 .54 .

Polished sections give a finely pitted surface; purplish-red with strongreflection pleochroism (blue-gray to purplish-red), and intense aniso-tropism (white, blue-gray, dark blue, fiery orange). HNO3 blackens witheffervescence; HCI etches gray to brown; KCN slowly bleaches gray;FeCla bleaches gray to brownl KOH tarnishes iridescent to black; HgClz

o(Cu) d(meas.) o(Cu) d(meas. a(Cu) d(meas.)

I

61

24I

10I

7 . 313.2514.7015.9017 .651 8 . 52 1 . 82 2 . 0

6.05J . J J

3 .032 . 8 12 .54a ^ n

2 .O72.05

22 .825.0526.852 7 . 530.232 .7533.235 .05

.984

.816

.703

.665

.528

.421

.n4

.339

4I2I2

1221

I2I

I2

I1I5

36.5 1 .29237 .8 r . 25438.7 1.22939.5 1.2094 1 . 7 1 . 1 5 643 .3 r . t z l45.2 1.08348.0 1.034

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 359

slowly tarnishes purple. The mineral has a fine-granular appearance withcrossed nicols but large irregular lathlike areas extinguish simultane-ously. Readily distinguished by its colour and anisotropism.

Occurrences: Colorado, Arizona, Salvador, Australia, Japan. The fore-going properties were obtained on a compact lens of tarnished rickardite,30X10 mm., in quartz from the Good Hope Mine, Vulcan, Colorado.

In Canada, Price (1934) Iists rickardite? amongst the telluride mineralsoccurring at the Horne Mine, Noranda, Quebec, but without details.

Tellurid.es of Nickel ond IronMelonite-NiTez

Ifexagonal, CSm; a:3.835, c:5.255; Z:l (Peacock & Thompson, 19464).

Rounded tabular hexagonal crystals and foliated masses. Light steel-gray to tin white with a reddish cast, tarnishing through yellow tobronze-red and light-brown. Cleavage eminent basal, giving highly flex-ib le f lakes. H:2 (B) ; c :7 .72.

Polished sections light pink, particularly striking against the purewhite of tellurbismuth; distinctly coppery coloured when observed in re-flected light under a binocular. Stands out in relief against altaite, tellur-bismuth, and montbrayite. Moderately anisotropic (grayish mauve toyellowish brown). HNO3 instantly efiervesces and stains black; HCl,KCN, negative; FeC[ slowly stains light-brown and brings out scratches(rubs off); KOH, HgCl2, negative.

X-Ray Potud,er Paltern (Peacock & Thompson, 1946a; fi,g. lO)

I1

10

a(Cu) d(meas.)

8 . 4 5 . 2 6r 3 . 4 3 . 3 215 .85 2 . 8 r17 .0 2 .6322 .O 2 .0523 .7 r . 9 r2

0(Cu) d(meas.)

29 .0 1 .5862 9 . 8 5 l . 5 M33.2 1 .4043 5 . 9 1 . 3 1 138 .9 | .22439.8 1 .201

a(Cu) d(meas.)

4 2 . 643.945.348.850.2

L

6II21

I

z

I1

Occwrences : Colorado, California, South Australia.fn specimens from the Cresson Mine, Cripple Creek, Colorado, melo-

nite was observed as flat thin bronzy tarnished plates in intimate inter-growth with calaverite and gold.

fn Canada, the occurrence of this rare telluride has been established atthe Robb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, Quebec, and describedin detail (Peacock & Thompson,1946a). Here the nickel telluride occursas small patches (up to 20 mm. wide) associated rvith rich compact massesof altaite, tellurbismuth, montbrayite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and gold, or

360 R. M. THOMPSON

disseminated through rock. In polished sections it occurs as smallrounded and distorted hexagonal sections sometimes enclosing and some-times enclosed in an intergrowth of altaite and tellurbismuth. Also asthin selvages, together with frohbergite, surrounding chalcopyrite, andintimately associated with chalcopyrite, petzite, gold, montbrayite, andfrohbergite. At the Wright-Hargreaves Mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario, asa small area (3 X3 mm.) in contact with gold in prophyry; at the Toburn(Tough-Oakes) Mine, Kirkland Lake, associated with altaite and petzitein polished sectionl and at the Macassa Mine, Kirkland Lake, as small(2X2 mm.) areas in contact with gold in brecciated vein material.

Frohbergite-FeTe2

Orthorhombic, Pmnn; a:3.85, b:5.28, c:6.26; Z:2 (Thompson, 1947).

Not observed in hand specimens. Polished sections pink; purplish pinkagainst melonite which appears yellowish-pink by contrast. Stronglyanisotropic (orange-red to inky blue). H:C+ G:7.98 (calc). HNOa,rapid effervescence and a black etch; HCl, KCN, FeCls, KOH, HgCl2,negative.

X-Ray Powiler Pattern (R.M.T.; fig. 11)

0(Fe)

t 7 . t 3 . 2 91 8 . 0 3 . 1 320.2 2.8020.95 2.702 r .45 2 .642 3 . 3 2 . M25 .75 2 .2227 .95 2 .0628.65 2.0129 .95 1 .935

O(Fe) d(meas.) a(Fe) d(meas.)

3

1071I2I2

5I2

3

A

12

11

31I

z

2

2

1I2212

J1

21

31 .65 | .84r32 .65 1 .7913 3 . 7 5 1 . 7 3 934.65 r .69937 .9 1 . s7338 .45 1 .55439 .1 1 .53239 .75 1 .51145 .85 r . 34747 . r L . s tg

49.4 1 .2735 2 . 3 1 . 2 2 15 3 . 5 5 r . 2 0 r56 .2 t .1635 8 . 2 5 1 . 1 3 659.6 1 .1206 1 . 0 1 . 1 0 562.85 1 .08664.4 r .07 |70.7 1 .O24

Occurrence: This new mineral was recognized and described as smallareas in association with altaite, tellurbismuth, montbrayite, melonite,petzite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, chalcocite, covellite,and free gold in several polished sections of ore from the Robb-MontbrayMine, Montbray Township, Quebec (Thompson, 1947). It occurs mostcommonly as complete or embayed zones up to 50 microns wide sur-rounding chalcopyrite and making contact with altaite, gold, or melo-nite; less commonly as small irregular areas in gold, petzite, or chalco-pyrite; once noted as an intimate intergrowth with gold, petzite, andmontbrayite.

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 361

Tellurides of Lead, anil MercurY

Altaite-PbTe

Cubic, Fm3m; a:6.43O (R.M.T.); Z:a.

Rarely in cubes and octahedrons but usually finely granular to massive.

Tin white with a grayish-green cast and high metallic lustre, tarnishing

bronze-yellow, bright blue-green, dull blue-gray to black; once observed

tarnished bronze-red. Cleavage cubic, usually poor but sometimes per-

fect . Somewhat sect i le ; H:3 (C); G:8.19 (R.M.T.) .

Polished sections pure white, but bluish against tellurbismuth which

has a pink cast, and white against galena which appears mauvish-gray

by contrast; isotropic. HNO3 effervesces and stains iridescenL to dark

gray; HCI tarnishes iridescent; KCN negative; FeCla quickly tarnishes

iridescent; KOH, HgCl2 negative.

X-Roy Powder Pottern (R.M.T.; fig. 12)

1 o(Cu) d(meas.) | I d(Cu) d(meas.) l 1 a(Cu) d(meas.)

z

1

49. r 1 .01752.6 0.9685 9 . 3 0 . 8 9 463.4 0 .860

1 1 1 . 910 13 .8I r9.7| 23 .53 24 .5

J . / J

3 . 2 22 . 2 81.9281 .854

z

412

28.63 2 . 33 5 . 94 2 . 645 .9

1 .606r .4391 . 3 1 11 . 1 3 61 .070

Occurrences: Altai Mountains (Siberia), Transylvania, Burma, West-

ern Australia, Chile, California, New Mexico, Colorado, North Carolina.

At Nagy6g, Transylvania, altaite was observed as irregular inclusions in

coarse nagyagite with rhodochrosite; at Las Cruces, New Mexico, as dis-

seminated nests in coarsely crystalline barite; at the Empress JosephineMine, Kerber Creek district, Colorado, as small inclusions in empressite;

at the Red Cloud Mine, Boulder County, Colorado, as disseminated

grains associated with pyrite and tarnished empressite in porphyry.

fn Canada, the occurrence of altaite has been confirmed by r-ray

powder photographs in Yukon Territory, at Upper Burwash Creek, as-

sociated with hessite, gold, and hedleyite, in polished section; in British

Columbia, at the Charley Group and Hido Group (Pellaire Mines Ltd.),

near Taseko Lake narrows, Clinton Mining Divisions, in vuggy limonitic

quartz associated with hessite, gold, and several sulphides; near Glacier

Lake, New Westminster Mining Division, as srnall nests in float of

limonitic vein-calcite; at the Hedley lVlonarch Mine, Osoyoos Mining

Division, associated with hessite and petzite, in polished sectionl in

Manitoba, at Copper Lake, as grains in quartz; in Ontario, at the Ardeen

(Moss) Mine, Thunder Bay district, with hessite in a qtartz-calcite

362 R. M. THOMPSON

gangue; at the Kirkland Golden Gate Mine, Swastika, as a finely crystal-line mass associated with calaverite and free gold coating one surface ofwhite pyritic quartzl at the Lake Shore, Macassa, Toburn (Tough-Oakes), Kirkland Lake, Wright-Hargreaves, Teck-Hughes, Sylvanite,Bidgood, and Upper Canada Mines, Kirkland Lake Area, as disseminatedgrains or compact masses up to 40X15 mm., embedded in dark silicifiedrock, quartz, or altered syenite porphyry, and associated with coloradoite,petzite, calaverite, melonite, pyrite, molybdenite, chalcopyiite, and gold;at the Dome Mine, South Porcupine, as scattered grains associated withpyrrhotite in quartz; in Quebec, at the Robb-Montbray Mine, MontbrayTownship, in solid rich masses of tellurides, sulphides, and gold, withaltaite in substantial masses, usually intergrown with tellurbismuth andaltering to an earthy blue-gray coating; at the Horne Mine, Noranda,with petzite and calaverite in coarsely crystalline masses, or intergrownwith tellurbismuth; and at the Bevcourt Mine, Louvicourt Township,disseminated with petzite wehrlite, and gold in massive white quartz.

In addition, altaite has been reported in Canada by Hofimann (1895,p.29;1897, p. 10) , Cairnes (1912,p.197), Todd (1929,p.74) ,andThom-son (1937); in British Columbia at the Lakeview Claims, Long LakeCamp, Greenwood Mining Division; from the Rhoderic Dhu Claim inthe same camp; from Liddle Creek, Kaslo River, W. Kootenay district;and from the Pay Roll Mine, near Cranbrook, Fort Steele Mining Di-vision;in Ontario, from the Three Ladies Mine, Lake of The Woods dis-trict; and the Ashley Mine, Bannockburn Township; at the Gold EagleMine, Red Lake (McGill, in Horwood, 1945, p. 11a); at the Howey GoldMine, Red Lake (Cornford, in Horwood, 1945, p. 144); at the McKenzieRed Lake Gold Mines, Red Lake (Hoiles, in Horwood,lg41, p. 166);and at the Chambers:Ferland Group, Schreiber (Thomson, 1923, p.39).

Analyses | 2 3Pb . . . . . 49 .72 6 r .26 57 .33A u . . . . . . . 0 . 0 1 ) - -A g . . . . . . . 2 . o s i

1 ' 1 0

Cu . . . . 0 .20 1 .60F e . . . . . 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 4 1 . 6 3T e . . . . . . . . 3 9 . 5 7 3 6 . 8 4 3 5 . 6 6s . . . . . o . 2 9 1 . s 5Inso l . . . . . 7 .84 0 .46 0 .38

A61.91

38.09

99.86 99.69 99.65 100.00

1. Altaite, Lakeview Claim (mean of two analyses), associated with hessite, gold, na-tive copper, native tellurium. Anal. Johnston (in Hofimann, 1897, p. 1l).

2. Altaite, Lake Shore Mine, spherical masses associated with coloradoite; incl. Hgtrace, Bi, Se, none. Anal. Rickaby (in Todd, 1929, p. 74).

3. Altaite, Lake Shore Mine, associated with chalcopyrite in nests and veinlets; incl.Hg, Bi, Se, none. Anal. Rickaby (in Todd, 1929, p. 7S).

A. Calculated for PbTe.

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 363

Nagyagite-Au(Pb, Sb, Fe)e(Te, S)u

Tetragonal, P4; a:4.14, c:30.15 X; Z:l (Berry, 1946).

Squarish basal plates and folia with rectangular striations; also granu-lar massive. Blackish lead-gray with high metallic lustre. Cleavage basal,g iv ing bent f lex ib le f lakes; H:1+ (B-) ; G:7.49.

Polished sections difficult to make; gray-white distinctly anisotropic(lead-gray to dark blue) showing twinning; often intergrown with altaite.HNO3 slowly stains iridescent; HCl, KCN, FeCh, KOH, HgCl2 negative.

X-Ray Powtler Pattern (R.M.T.; fig. 13)

I

I

101

6I

d(Cu) d(meas.)

12.2 3.6413.05 3.4014.75 3.0275.2 2.9315 .8 2 . 8216 .9 2 .&

a(Cu) d(meas.)

1 8 . 5 2 . 419 .5 2 .3020 .55 2 .192 l . 7 2 .O822 .0 2 .0523 .8 1 .905

d(Cu) d(meas.)

24.9 t .8262 8 . 8 5 r . 7 0 22 7 . 7 1 . 6 5 430.7 1 .5063r .7 t .463

J

I

1

I

1

a

1

J

1

Occurrences.' Transylvania, Japan, Western Australia, New Zealand,Fiji Islands, California; Colorado, North Carolina, Montana.

fn Canada, nagyagite has been reported from British Columbia andOntario, but these occurrences require confirmation. Kemp (1898, p.317) reported nagyagite from the Olive Mabel Claim, Gainor Creek,Lardeau Mining Division, B. C. Coleman (1896, p. 106) speaks of "atelluride of lead, probably nagyagite, having been obtained at the Hu-ronian Mine [Moss Township, Thunder Bay district, Ontario] as re-ported by Dr. Ellis of the School of Science, Toronto."

Coloradoite-HgTe

Cubic, F43m; a:6.440 (R.M.T.); Z:4.

Crystals unknown, usually massive and sometimes granular. Brightiron-black tarnishing to a diagnostic dull purple, which distinguishes itin hand specimens from petzite and tetrahedrite. No cleavage, butbritt le with a sub-conchoidal fracture. H:2+ (C); G:8.10 (R.M.T.).

Polished sections pinkish-gray, resembling tetradedrite; isotropic.HNOB slowly stains brown, some areas almost negative; HCl, KCN,negative; FeCls tarnishes iridescent; after cleaning with HCl, the surfaceshows moderate anisotropism (dark brownish-red to blue-gray); 'KOH,

HgCl2, negative. Distinguished from other tellurides in polished sectionby its pinkish-gray colour and resistance to etching with HNOs.

Occurrences: Colorado, California, Western Australia. At the SmugglerMine, Boulder County, Colorado, tarnished coloradoite was observed in

364 R. M. THOMPSON

X-Ray Powder Pattern (R.M.T.; frg. 14)

0(Cu) d(meas.) 0(Cu) d(meas.) 1 o(Cu) d(meas.)

10I97

2J

1 1 . 9 3 . 7 313 .8 3 . 22r9 .7 2 .2823 .3 r . 94328.5 l .6r l3 1 . 3 1 . 4 7 9

35 .8 r . 31438.3 1 .24042 .5 1 .13845 .0 1 .08749.1 r . r0751 .6 0 .982

+ 5s.9 o .928I 58 .5 0 .9032 63 .3 9 .860I 6 6 . 5 0 . 8 3 9

/313II

a chip of gangue; at Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, as small chips withattached petzite, and krennerite, both free and attached to gangue.

fn Canada, coloradoite has been found only in Ontario and Quebec,and has been confirmed at the Lake Shore Mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario,as compact masses up to 20X30 mm. associated with altaite; at theWright-Hargreaves Mine, Kirkland Lake, as compact masses with gold,embedded inqtartz; at the Toburn (Tough-Oakes) Mine, Kirkland Lake,as lenses up to 10X5 mm. associated with altaite, pyrite and chalcopyritein quartz stringers in syenite porphyry; at the Bidgood Mine, KirklandLake, as compact masses of exceptional size associated with calaverite, al-taite, gold, and molybdenite in brecciated qlrartz; at the Kirkland LakeMirie, as small compact masses embedded in coarsely crystalline calciteand associated with hessite, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite; and at theHollinger Mine, Timmins, as several fragments of coarsely crystallinecalcite with films of hessite, coloradoite, tetrahedrite, and chalcopyrite.

In addition coloradoite has been reported from the Teck-Hughes andSylvanite Mines, Kirkland Lake (Todd,1929, pp. 82-33); from the Ar-deen (Moss) Mine, Moss Township (Thomson, 1931, p.52); and theRobb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, Quebec (Thomson, 1928,p . 13 ) .

AnalysesH g . . .

15d. 55

1 .6039 .100 .25

A61.I4

38. 86PbTefnsol

99.50 100.001. Coloradoite, Lake Shore Mine, with a small amount of altaite; incl. Au, Ag, Bi, Se,

Cu, Fe, S, none. Anal. Rickaby, in Todd (1929, p. 80).2. Calculated for HgTe.

Tellurides of BismuthI{edleyite-Bi7Te3

Hexagonal, RBm; a:4.46, c:118.8; r:39.68, a:6o 26,; Z:2 (Warren & Peacock,1e4s).

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND TfrEIR OCCARRENCE IN CANADA 365

fn plates giving flexible and slightly elastic folia; occasionally a hint of

crystal form. Tin-white with an iron-black tarnish; perfect basal cleavageH : 2 ( A ) ; G : 8 . e 1 .

Polished sections white, slightly anisotropic (light to dark gray) onnearly basal section. HNOB effervesces and quickly turns grayl fumesgive brown iridescent tarnish; HCl, KCN, negative; FeCle stains brownto iridescent; KOH, Hg-Cl2 negative.

X-Ray Powd.er Pattern (Peacock; fig. 15)

32z

1

1 1 0 . 1+ r2 .3p

1 0 1 3 75 1 9 . 04 20 .15

4 . 3 83 . 2 63 . 2 52 . 3 62 . 2 3

I

3A

n

2 1 . 42 2 . 8n A 7

28.33 1 . 3

2 . t tt .9841.840t .6211.,+80

3 2 . 83 3 . 63 6 . 036.65

.419

.389

.308

.288

Occurrences: This species was described by Warren & Peacock (1945)

from the Good Hope mineral claim, Hedley, British Columbia. Hedleyiteoccurs as thick plates often intercalated with joseite B, native bismuth,and gold, and associated with arsenopyrite, molybdenite, and pyrrhotite,in quartz and skarn. A second occurrence of this rare mineral was estab-lished at Upper Burwash Creek, Kluane Lake district, Yukon Territory.A polished section of a nugget of gold and hessite showed small amountsof altaite and several laths of a bismuth telluride in the hessite; theselaths gave the hedleyite pattern.

Analyses I 2 AB i . . . . . 8 0 . 6 0 8 1 . 5 5 7 9 . 3Te. . . 18 .52 17 .60 2O.7s . . . . . o . r 2 0 . 0 4

99.24 99.19 100.0

1, 2. Hedleyite, Hedley, British Columbia. Anal. Eldridge (in Warren & Peacock, 1945).

In anal. 1 also spectrographic Sb 0.05, Pb 0.01, Cu 0.01.

A. Calculated for BizTe:.

Joseite A-BL1"Ter-"Sr

Ifexagonal, R7m; a:4.24, c:39.69;r:73.45, a:18o 08'; Z:I (Peacock, I94l).5

Sheets and plates with occasional straight edges yielding soft, flexible,

a Following Peacock (1941, p. 102) the general formula Bi4*,(Te, S)s-", omitting Se as

unessential, is accepted for joseite. The two types of joseite noted by Peacock, Bi+,Ter-'Sz

and Bi+,Tez-,S, have been recognized in further specimens and they are here denoted asjoseite A and joseite B, respectively.

366 R. M. THOI,IPSON

inelastic folia; meagre evidence of crystal form. Silver-white colour withhigh metallic lustre tarnishing lead gray, iridescent, steel-blue to iron-b lack. Per fect basal c leavage; H:2 (A-B); G:8.10.

Polished sections less white than galena with hardness B on basal sec-tions, and A on transverse sections. Basal sections nearly isotropic;transverse sections moderately anisotropic in greenish-gray to darkgreenish-gray. Etch-reactions: HNOa effervesces and etches dark gray;HCI stains light gray; KCN negative; FeC[ stains pale blue-gray; KOHnegative; HgCl2 negative.

X-Ray Pouder Pattern (Peacock, 1941; fig. 16)

1 A(Cu) d(meas.) 1 0(Cu) d(meas.) 1 a(Cu) d(meas.)

za

I10z

q

I

I2

10 .1 4 .3812 .3 3 . 6113 .08 3 .0913 .45 3 .3014 . 5 3 .O717 .4 2 .5720.1 2.242 1 . 4 2 . t l22 .0 2 .0523.0 1.96723.95 r .894

+ 2s .0+ 2s .63 26 .151 2 7 . 7+ 28.43 30 .02 33 .053 34.851 36.22 38.1+ 3e.0

39.45 1 .2 r04 0 . 8 1 . 1 7 64 7 . 4 1 . 0 M48.5 | .02649.9 1 .00551 .5 0 .9825 3 . 5 0 . 9 5 6s4.6 0 .94357 .9 0 .90766.9 0.83670.4 0 .816

1 819r .779r.744I . OJ{t

1.6161 . 5 3 71.409I .3451.3021.246t . 2 2 1

1212

I22

I112

z

Occurrences: Brazil, Spain, England. In Canada, joseite A has beenpositively identified in British Columbia at Glacier Gulch, Hudson BayMountain, near Smithers, where it occurs as coarse plates up to f inchwide and 2 inches long, sometimes intergrown with bismuth and joseiteB; and at the Windpass Mine, near Chu Chua, where it is intimatelyassociated with bismuthinite.

Analyses I8 i . . . . . 7 9 . 3T e . . . . 1 2 . 2s . . . . . 6 . 0

282.71 2 . 06 . 0

A

8 1 . 41 2 . 46 . 2

Se.. . . none noneA u . . . . . t r a c eInsol . .. trace

97.5 100.7 100.0

1. Joseite A, Glacier Gulch, Hudson Bay Mountain, near Smithers, Omineca MiningDivision, B. C. Anal. Forward (in Warren & Davis, 1940, p. 110).

2. Joseite A ("auriferous tetradymite," ROM, M 17255), Glacier Gulch, Hudson BayMountain, near Smithers, Omineca Mining Division, B. C. Anal. Meen (in Peacock, 1941,p .e2 ) .

A. Calculated for BiaTeS2.

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 367

Joseite B-Biaa,Ter_,S

Hexagonal, RBm; a:4.33, c:4A.75; r:13.81, q:78" 02'; Z: l (Peacock, 1941).

fdentical with joseite A in most physical properties, and distinguishedonly by accurate specif ic gravity measurements. G:8.3.

X-Ray Poud.er Pattern (R.M.T.; frg. 17)

1 o(Cu) d(meas.) A(Cu) d(meas.)

19.6 2.292 0 . 8 2 . 1 62 r . 3 2 . 1 222 .2 2 .0323 .3 1 .94325 .6 1 .779

d(Cu) d(meas.)

29.4 1.56632 .2 t .M334 .0 r . 37537 . l 1 .27438 .1 r . 246

21

I2

101

451+z

.t

2I)11

9 .8 4 .5212 .05 s .6912.7p 3.1613 .05 3 .40r 4 . t 3 . 1 616.95 2 .64

Occurrences: Brazil. fn Canada the occurrence of joseite B has beenconfirmed in British Columbia at Glacier Gulch, Hudson Bay Mountain,near Smithers, where it is associated with bismuth and joseite A; and atthe Good Hope mineral claim, near Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division,where it occurs as coarse plates often intergrown with native bismuth andassociated with hedleyite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, molybdenite, andgold, in quartz and skarn.

Analys'is 1B i . . . . 7 5 . 1 4Te . . 19.25s . . . . . . . . . 3 . 6 4P b . . . . . 0 . 6 8F e . . . . . . . . 0 . 5 2I n s o l . . . 0 . 3 0

A

64.42 2 . 72 . 9

99.53 100.0

1. Joseite B, Glacier Gulch, Hudson Bay Mountain, near Smithers, Omineca MiningDivision, B. C. Anal. Forward & Lyle.

A. Calculated for BirTerS.

Tellurbismuth-BizTea

Ifexagonal, RBm; a:4.375, c:30.39; r:70.44, a:24o llt'; Z:l (Peacock, in Pea-cock & Berry, 1940, p. 67).

Plates and foliated masses with splendent metallic lustre; colour leadgray with a pinkish cast, tarnishing dull gray, black, or iridescent. Perfectbasal cleavage yielding flakes slightly less flexible than those of tetrady-mi te ; ine las t i c , and somewhat sec t i le ; H :2 (B) ;G:7 .8110.10 .

Polished sections pinkish-white in reflected light, with hardness Atransverse to the cleavage and slightly harder on cleavage surfaces.

368 R, M. THOMPSON

Weakly anisotropic (yellow to dark gray). The author was unable to

duplicate his etch-reactions on r-rayed specimens of tellurbismuth;how-ever, the mineral, Iike all the bismuth tellurides, is always positive toHNOB and FeC[. It is felt that these minerals cannot be distinguishedwith certainty on the basis of etch-reactions.

Tellurbismuth is frequently intergrown with tetradymite or altaite.Frondel (1940) showed that "vandiestite" was a mixture of tellurbismuthand hessite. Harcourt (1942, p. 106) gives a list of powder spacings andintensities for "vandiestite" from Colorado. These spacings and intensi-ties agree very closely with patterns of an intergrowth of tellurbismuthand altaite from the Robb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, Que-bec.

X-Roy Pouiler Pottern (R.M.T.; fig. 18)

a(Cu) d(Cu) d(meas.) |

d(Cu) d(meas.)

112

1012

8I^4I2

3IJ

I2

1

2z

12

IId

L

1

1a

I1

1

It1

8 . 7 51 1 . 7 513 .8516. 5518.952 0 . 1 520. 552 2 . 2 52 2 . 6 52 5 . 1 526.9528.55

5 .053 . 7 73 . 2 r2 . 6 92 . 3 72 . 2 32 . 1 92 . 0 3t .9961 .8091.6961 .608

29.45 1.56831 . 15 1 .48631 .95 1 .45033.05 1.41033.45 r .39435.05 1.33936.35 1.29737 .35 1 .26738.05 1.24739.95 r .20740.4 1.1864 t . 6 5 1 . 1 5 7

43.45 1 .118M.75 1 .0924 5 . 8 5 1 . 0 7 147 .35 1 .04547.75 1 .03848.55 1 .02549.15 1 .01650.6 0 .99552 .85 0 .9645 3 . 9 5 0 . 9 5 155.85 0 .92856.65 0 .920

Occurrences: Japan, New Mexico, Georgia, Montana, California, andSweden. At Boliden, Sweden, as a coarsely crystalline compact mass(40X30 mm.) of tellurbismuth and tetradymite.

fn Canada, tellurbismuth has been positively identified in the YukonTerritory, British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. In the Yukon Terri-tory, as several flat plates from the placer workings of Mr. G. Loland,Upper Burwash Creek, Kluane Lake district; in British Columbia, fromthe Hunter Group, Khutze Inlet, Skeena Mining Division, as severalplates of tellurbismuth; from the Ashloo Mine, near Squamish, Van-couver Mining Division, as several plates of tellurbismuth; and from theHedley Yuniman Gold Fields Ltd., Bradshaw Creek, Osoyoos MiningDivision, as small plates of tellurbismuth and polished sectionsl in On-tario, from the Ardeen Mine, Moss Township, in a polished section withchalcopyrite and pyrrhotite in calcite; and in a specimen of brecciatedvein material with chalcopyrite, pyrite, and tellurbismuth usually in

TELLARIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 369

contact with galena; from the Porcupine Reef GoId Mines Ltd., Pamour,in several specimens of milky qrartz with some greenish-white talc con-taining much visible gold, sometimes in subhedral crystals and grains,rarely in contact with minute areas of tellurbismuth and non-magneticpyrrhotite which has an unusual deep brownish-bronze colourl in Quebec,from the Lamaque Mine, Bourlamaque Township, in a specimen of whitequartz with small plates of tellurbismuth and massive calaveritelfromthe Louvicourt Goldfields Mine, Louvicourt Township, in several speci-mens of tourmalinized qrartz with much free gold and small areas ofcalaverite and tarnished tellurbismuth in close association with calcite;from the Robb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, in a dozen piecesof solid rich aggregates of tellurides, sulphides, and gold with substantialmasses of tellurbismuth and altaite; from the Horne Mine, Noranda, in apolished section with tellurbismuth intergrown in part with altaite; andfrom the Sullivan Consolidated Mines, disseminated with petzite in mas-sive white quartz.

t 249.7 47.745. 1 47 .9none none

A5 2 . 247 .8

94.8 95 .6 100.0

1. Hunter Mine, Khutze fnlet, near Swanson Bay, Skeena Mining Division, BritishColumbia. Anal. Forward (in Warren & Davis, 1940, p. 110).

2. Ashloo Mine, near Squamish, Howe Sound, Vancouver Mining Division, BritishColumbia. Anal. Forward (in Warren & Davis, 1940, p. 110).

A. Calculated for BezTer.

Vlehrlite-B iz*"Ter-,

Ifexagonal, RBm; a:4.42,c:29.85;r:10.27,a:24o 5l'; Z:l (Peacock, in Warren &Peacock, 1945).

In foliated masses, massive to finely granularl colour tin-white to steel-

gray. Once observed with a peculiar bronzy tarnish. Perfect cleavage

giving f lexible and sl ightly elast ic fol ia; H:2 (B); G:8.37-8.44.

Polished sections white with weak anisotropism (light to dark gray).

HNOB stains black; HCI stains light gray-brown; KCN negative; FeCl3

stains iridescent to purplish black; KOH, HgCl2 negative.

Wehrlite may best be considered as a variety of tellurbismuth. It is

essentially a solid solution of Bi in BizTea with Bi approximately at the

saturation limit (about 60 wt. per cent Bi) found in the artificial system

(Peacock, 1945, p. 68), giving a composition near BiTe.

Occurrences: Deutsch-Pilsen (Hungary). In Canada this rare mineral

has been positively identified in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec.

R. M. THOMPSON

X-Ray Pouiler Pattern (R.M.T.; fig. 19)

2I1

107

J

9 . 0 4 . 9 11 r .6 3 .82r2 .4p 3 .2313 .8 3 . 2219 .0 2 .3620.4 2.2122 .7 1 .992

33

4

I2

25.O28.63 t . 233.2536.237 .0540.65

I . 8 1 91.6061 . 4 8 4r .4021 .301r .2751 . 1 8 0

1I

z

1

4 2 . 4 1 . 1 4 0M . t 1 . 1 0 545.65 1 .07547 .6 1 .04150.3 0 .999

In British Columbia, at the White Elephant Claim, Okanagan Lake,Vernon Mining Division, in several specimens of white qttartz containinga soft massive mineral with a bronzy tarnish (wehrlite) and a soft platymineral (tetradymite); from the Marble Bay and Little Billie Mines,Texada Island, Nanaimo Mining Division, as several polished sectionswith wehrlite and hessite in minute amounts, in close association withbornite and chalcopyrite; from the Charlie Vein, Tchaikazan River,Taseko Lake district, as minute amounts in polished sections, associatedwith galena and hessite; in Ontario from Painkiller Lake, Beatty Town-ship, as a polished section with minrite amounts of wehrlite and gold;from the Treadwell property, Painkiller Lake, Beatty Township, asseveral specimens of white quartz with disseminated wehrlite; in Quebec,from the Canadian Malartic Gold Mines Ltd., Fourniere Township, asthin films on rather glassy qtrartz, associated with grains of petzite, gold,and pyrite, and at the Bevcourt Mine, Louvicourt Township, dissemi-nated with altaite, petzite, and gold in massive white quartz.

Although there are no analyses of Canadian wehrlite, the occurrence ofthis mineral in close association with silver-rich minerals like hessite andpetzite suggests that the small silver content of the type Hungarian ma-terial is combined in included silver minerals.

Tetradyrnite-BirTerSHexagonal, RBm; a:4.21, c:29.43;r:l0.ll,a:24" 2*'i Z:l (Peacock)

Commonly as foliated to bladed masses; rarely as acutely rhombo-hedral crystals; twins (fourlings) are reported. Steel-gray with metallicsplendent lustre, tarnishing dull gray, black, or iridescent. Perfect basalcleavage yielding flexible but not elastic laminae; H:1+ (B); G:7.3+0.2.

Polished sections bright white with weak anisotropism, polarizationcolours light to dark gray. HNO3 stains through iridescent to black; HCInegative (2 minutes); KCN negative; FeC! stains iridescentl KOH,HgCl2 negative.

TELLARIDE MINERALS AND TEEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 371

a(Cu) d(meas.)

8 .95 4 .94r 2 . 2 3 . 6 413 .75 3 .2414 .35 3 .1016.2 2 .7617 .25 2 .5918 .25 2 .45r9.7 2.2820 .8 2 .162 l . 4 z . t l23.05 1.96323.65 r .91625 .O 1 .819

a(Cu) d(meas.) d(Cu) . d(meas.)

1I

I

10I

2I

a

.t

J

.J

1

I

4II1

z

1

4a

I2

i

1

It

1J

1t22J

J

3

25.8 1 .76626 . t r . 74727 .95 t .64018 .7 1 .60129 .7 1 .55130 .7 1 .50632 .3 t . 43932.7 | .42334 .8 r . 34736.5 I .29237 .8 1 .25439 .2 1 .21639.55 1.207

40 .6 1 .18145.4 1.08047 .0 1 .05149.45 1.0125t .7 0.97953.0 0 .96254.8 0.94r57 .25 0.914'59.7 0.98066.3 0.83969.0 0.823

Occurrences: Hungary, Romania, Sweden, Norway, Japan, Rhodesia,

Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia, Bolivia, New Mexico,Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Virginia, North Caro-lina, South Carolina, Georgia. Observed from Boliden, Sweden, as acoarsely crystalline compact mass (40X30 mm.) of tellurbismuth andtetradymite; at the Red Cloud Mine, Boulder County, Colorado, as acompact mass of petzite, tetradymite, and pyrite.

In Canada, the occurrence of tetradymite has been verified at the fol-lowing localities: in the Yukon Territory, at Dublin Gulch, Mayo district,as a small placer pebble with an embedded subhedral crystal of gold; atthe Selwyn River, as,a few small cleavage flakes; at Discovery Fork, andthe East Fork of Nansen Creek, Carmacks district, as several placerpebbles up to 10 mm. in length; in British Columbia at the HarrisonGroup, Lindquist Lake, Omineca Mining Division, in a polished section,and in several pieces of vein quartz with fiakes of tetradymite; at theWhite Elephant (Precambrian) Mine, Okanagan Lake, Vernon MiningDivision, as several specimens of quartz with flakes of tetradymite; atthe Jumbo Mine, Rossland, as a thin film of tetradymite and gold onmonzonite; at the Taylor Windfall Mine, Clinton Mining Division; inOntario, at the Broulan Mine, Porcupine district, as a 3 mm. band withminor gold in massive white quartz; at the McKellar Longworth Mine,Schreiber, in a polished section with chalcopyrite, and gold; and at theMcKenzie Red Lake Gold Mines, in a polished section with galena; in

Quebec, at the Lamaque Mine, Bourlamaque Township, as a specimen ofwhite quartz with small cleavage flakes of tetradymite; at the PerronMine, Bourlamaque, as several pieces of coarsely crystalline calcite with

372 R. M. THOMPSON

films of bronzy tetradymite associated with gold; at the Siscoe GoldMines, Siscoe, as a specimen of tourmalinized quartzwith small areas ofcalcite with coarse gold rarely in contact with 1 mm. grains of tetrady-mite; and at the Powell Rouyn l\{ine, Noranda, as a somewhat decom-posed stringer of tetradymite in a dark green pyritized quartzose rockcoated on two sides by greenish-black chlorite, pink calcite crystals, py-rite, and free gold.

In addition, tetradymite has been reported from British Columbia,Ontario, and Quebec. In British Columbia, tetradymite was reportedfrom near Liddle Creek, Kaslo River, West Kootenay district (Hoffmann,1897, p. 10R); the Rhoderic Dhu Claim, Long Lake Camp, GreenwoodMining Division (Kemp, 1898, p.317); the Nickel Plate Mine, nearHedley, Osoyoos Mining Division (Camsell, 1910, p. 138); Glacier Gulchnear Smithers, Omineca Mining Division (Pratt, 1931, p. 56); in Ontariofiom the Howey GoId Mine, Red Lake (Cornford, in Horwood,1945, p.144); fuom the Toburn Mine, Kirkland Lake (Campbell & Deyell, inHopkins, 1915, p. 183); the Mikado Mine, Rickard Township (Hopkins,1915, p. 183); the Hattie, Treadwell, Mayo, Hull, and Cartwright proper-ties near Painkiller Lake, Beatty Township, and the Miller IndependenceMine, Boston Creek, Pacaud Township (Hopkins, 1921, pp.9, 21; thismaterial is tellurbismuth according to Berry-pria. cornm.); Straw Lakenear Fort Frances (Thomson, 1934, p.33); Bigstone Bay, Lake of theWoods, and the Gold Shore Mine, Red Lake (Thomson, 1935, p. 48); theHollinger Mine, Porcupine district (Keys, 1940, p.620); the Chambers-Ferland Group, Schreiber (Thomson, 1923, p.39); in Quebec, from the

1 2 3 4 5

51.85 59 .10 f f i .72 60 .88 61 .053 . 5 00 . 9 14 . 3 0 4 . 8 5 4 . 2 9 4 . 2 9 3 . 6 5

36.01 35 .90 34 .71 34 .47 35 .103 . 5 2

A

59.27

4.5436.19

100.09 99.85 99.72 99.64 99.80 100.00

1. Liddle Creek, Kaslo River, West Kootenay district, British Columbia. Tetradymitewith minor altaite and hessite; incl. Se, Tl, trace. Anal. Johnston (in Hofimann, 1897,p. 10R).

2. White Elephant Claim, Okanagan Lake, Vernon Mining Division, British Columbia.Anal. Forward (in Warren, 1946, p.77).

3, 4. White Elephant Claim, Okanagan Lake, Vernon Mining Division, British Colum-bia; incl. Se trace. Anal. Williams (in Warren, 1946, p.77).

5. White Elephant Claim, Okanagan Lake, Vernon Mining Division, British Columbia(tetradymite with minor wehrlite); incl. Se trace. Anal. Williams (in Warren, 1946, p, 77).

A. Calculated for Bi2Te2S.

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 373

Eureka Mine, Tiblemont Township (Thomson, 1934, p. 35); the HorneMine, Noranda (Price, 1934, p. 132); and the McWatters Mine, RouynTownship (Thomson, 1935, p. 48). Some of these reported occurrencesmay refer in fact to other bismuth tellurides.

U ncertain or Dis cr ed.ited, T elloaid,esStunrzrrn-AgaTe (?)

A supposed specimen of the uncertain silver telluride stuetzite (USNM,R 442, from Siebenbiirgen, Transylvania), was obtained through thekindness of Dr. E. P. Henderson of the United States National Museum.This material gave the r-ray powder pattern of bournonite. An attemptto make the compound AgrTe by pyrosynthesis resulted in the forma-tion of hessite, AgzTe, and excess silver.

Murnunmlrrn-(Ag, Au) Te

No specimen of this mineral was available for study. Analyses haveindicated the composition (Ag, Au)Te, but fusions of this composition,wi th Ag:Au:1:1and Ag:Au:2:1, gave mixtures of ca laver i te , AuTe2,and petzite, AgrAuTer. The specific gravity 5.598 given by Scharizer(1880, p. 605) for muthmannite is apparently too low since it is muchlower than that of each of the components.

Nrccr.rrrn-PtTe3 (?)

This is the name given by Scholtz (1936, p. 184) to a mineral believedto be a platinum telluride, which gave 34.8 per cent Pt on analysis of asingle grain weighing a fraction of a milligram. No specimen was avail-able. An attempt to produce PtTes by pyrosynthesis gave PtTe2 (notniggliite) and excess Te.

"ANTAMoKrIE"

"Antamokitet' was supposed to be a new telluride of gold and silver.A recent study of ore from the type locality, the Benguet ConsolidatedMining Company Mine, Antamok, Mountain Province, Philippine Is-lands (Thompson, 1946 D), indicated that this material is petzite associ-ated with calaverite.

"GoLDIrEr"DrrEtt

This dubious compound of Cu, Sb, Te, and S was recently shown(Thompson, 1946a) to be a previously unknown tellurian variety oftetrahedrite, with a: 10.35.

X-Rav Powprn Pnorocnepss

The accompanying figures are actual size reproductions of contactprints from *-ray powder films taken in a camera of radius 360/4tr mm.

374 R, M.THOMPSON

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 375

(1o d:1 mrn. on film). Cu radiation (Ni filter) was used in all casesexcept Fig. 11, for which Fe radiation (Mn filter) was used.

CaNanr,lN TBrr,unrln Locarr:rtns

In conclusion it will be useful to give a list of the known Canadianlocalities for telluride minerals, with the names of the minerals reportedat each locality. This list combines published information, derived mainlyfrom the works of Cairnes, Todd, and Ellis Thomson, with the results ofthe present work. Mineral names marked * are positive identificationsbased on r-ray powder photographs, while names in quotation marks areproved misnomers. It is hoped that this improved list will be useful toprospectors and geologists as well as providing reliable additions to thedata of topographic mineralogy.

Yukon Territory

UpperBurwash Creek, Kluane District. .... ...*Altaitexlfessite*Tellurbismuth*Hedleyite

Dublin Gulch, Mayo Disttict. . .*Tetradymite .,'Selwyn River, Selkirk District.. .xTetradymiteEast Fork and Discovery Fork of Nansen Creek, Carmacks District. . . . *Tetradymite

Buffalo Ifump Group, Mt. Stevens, Wheaton River District. *Ilessite

SylvaniteGold Reef C]aim, Wheaton River District. . . . .. . . Svlvanite

HessitePetzite

Br,itish Col,umbi.a

Engineer Mines, Taku Arm, Tagish Lake, Atlin Mining Division. . . CalaveriteHarrison Group, Lindquist Lake, Omineca Mining Division. . . . *Hessite

*Tetradymite

Glacier Gulch, Hudson Bay Mountain, Omineca Mining Division . *Joseite A, B("tetradymite")

CalaveriteHunter Group Claims, Khutze fnlet, Skeena Mining Division. . . *Tellurbismuth

Frc. 1. Montbrayite, Robb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, Quebec.Fro. 2. Calaverite, Cripple Creek, Colorado.Frc. 3. Krennerite, Cripple Creek, Colorado.

Frc. 4. Petzite, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia.Frc. 5. Sylvanite, Nagy6g, Transylvania.

Frc. 6. Hessite, Bot6s, Transylvania.Frc. 7. Empressite, Red Cloud Mine, Boulder County, Colorado.

Frc. 8. Weissite, Good lfope Mine, Vulcan, Colorado.Frc. 9. Rickardite, Good Hope Mine, Vulcan, Colorado.

Fro. 10. Melonite, Robb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, Quebec.

J / O R. M. THOMPSON

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 377

Charlie Group, Taseko Lake, Clinton Mining Division . . . *AltaitexHessite*Wehrlite

Hido Group (Pellaire Gold Mines property), Clinton Mining Division . . *Altaite*Hessite

Taylor Windfall Mine, Clinton Mining Division. . . xTetradymite

Windpass Mine, Chu Chua, Kamloops Mining Division . . . . . . +Joseite A

Valdez Island, Nanaimo Mining Division Gold tellutides

Marble Bay Mine, Texada Island, Nanaimo Mining Division. . . . . *Hessite*Wehrlite

Little Billie Mine, Texada Island, Nanaimo Mining Division. . . . . . *Hessite*Wehrlite

A.shloo Mine, near Squamish, Howe Sound, Vancouver Mining Division *Tellurbismuth

Nickel Plate Mine, near Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division. Tetradymite

Good Hope Claim, near Hedley, Osoyoos Mining Division. . . . . . *Joseite B*Hedleyite

Hedley Monarch Mine, Olalla, Osoyoos Mining Division ..... ....*Altaite+HessitexPetzite

Hedley Yuniman Gold Fields Limited, Bradshaw Creek, Osoyoos Min-

ine Division. xTellurbismuth

Calumet Claim, Kruger Mountain, Osoyoos Lake, Osoyoos Mining Di-

vrston . .

White Elephant Claim, Okanagan Lake, Vernon Mining Division . . .

Boundary Distr ic t . .Long Lake Camp, Greenwood Mining Division

(a) Jewel Mine . . .(b) Lakeview C]aims... . .

North Star Claim. .Enterprise Claim. .Rhoderic Dhu Claim. . .

Jumbo Mine, Rossland, Trail Creek Mining Division.Olive Mabel Claim, Gainor Creek, tardeau Mining Division.

Frc. 11. Frohbergite, Robb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, Quebec.Frc. 12. Altaite, Lake Shore Mine. Kirkland Lake, Ontario.

Frc. 13. Nagyagite, Nagy6g, Transylvania.Frc. 14. Coloradoite, Toburn (Tough-Oakes) Mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario.

Frc. 15. Hedleyite, Good Hope Claim, Near Hedley, OsoyoosMining Division, British Columbia.

Frc. 16. Joseite A, Glacier Gulch, Hudson Bay Mountain, near Smithers, British Columbia.Frc. 17. Joseite B, Good Hope Claim, near Hedley, Osoyoos

Mining Division, British Columbia.Frc. 18. Tellurbismuth, Hedley Yuniman Gold Fields Limited, Bradshaw Creek, Osoyoos

Mining Division, British Columbia.Frc. 19. Wehrlite, Treadwell property, near Painkiller Lake, Beatty Township, Ontario.

Frc. 20. Tetradymite, Selwyn River, Selkirk district, Yukon Territory.

(c)(d)(e)

HessitePetzite

*Tetradymite*Wehrlite*IIessite

Rich telluridesxAltaite*Hessite*Hessite

PetziteAltaiteTetradymite

*Tetradymite

Nagyagite

R. M. THOMPSON

Liddle Creek, Kaslo River, Ainsworth Mining Division

Pay Roll Mine, near Cranbrook, Fort Steele Mining Division

. . AltaiteHessite

*Tetradymite

. . Altaite

ManilobaCopper Lake *Altaite

*PetziteSan Antonio Mine, near Bissett

Ontario

Ardeen (Huronian, Moss, Shebandowan) Mine, Moss Township. . . *Altaite*Hessite*Petzite+Tellurbismuth

ColoradoiteNagyagiteSylvanite

Gold Creek, Pine Portage Bay, Lake of the Woods HessiteThree Ladies Mine, Lake of the Woods AltaiteBigstone Bay, Lake of the Woods. Hessite

PetziteCalaveriteSylvaniteTetradymite

Go ldSho reM ine ,Red lake . . . . . , . Te t radym i te

Gold Eagle Mines, Red Lake AltaiteSylvanite

Howey Gold Mine, Red Lake. . AltaiteSylvaniteTetradymite

McKenzie Red Lake Gold Mines. Red Lake. . . . AltaitePetziteKrenneriteTetradymite

Chambers-Ferland Group, near Schreiber . AltaiteTetradymite

McKellar Longworth Mine, Schreiber. . *Tetradymite

Jackson-Manion Mine, District of Kenora. . . . . PetziteStraw Lake, near Fort Frances. TetradymiteAnderson Farm, Deloro Township. . PetzitePowell Claim, Deloro Township. . . tHessite

Labine-Smith Claim, Maisonville Township PetziteAshley Mine, Bannockburn Township. . . "Altaite

KrenneriteHattie, Hull, Cartwright, Mayo, and Treadwell properties, near Pain-

killer Lake, Beatty Township. Wehriite("tetradymite")

CalaveriteMiller Independence and Boston McRae Mines, Boston Creek, Pacaud

Township *CalaveritexTellurbismuth

("tetradymite")

TELLURIDE MINERALS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 379

[Iollinger Mine, Porcupine District.

Dome Mine, Porcupine District. . . .

xColoradoite*Petzite*Hessite

Tetradymite*Altaite

CalaveriteSylvanite

*Tetradymite

Pamour. . . . . *Tel lurbismuth

. . +Hessite

Broulan Mine, Porcupine District ..Porcupine Reef Gold Mines Limited,A prospect in Tisdale TownshipKirkland Lake Camp

Kirkland Lake Mine.

Teck-Hughes Mine. .

S y l v a n i t e M i n e . . . .

Toburn (Tough-Oakes) Mine ..

Wright Hargreaves Mine. . .

Lake Shore Mine. .

Macassa Mine

Bidgood Mine

Kirkland Golden Gate Mine, Swastika. . . . . .

Upper Canada Mine, Gauthier Township

*Altaite*Coloradoite*Hessite*Altaite

ColoradoiteCalaverite

*Altaite

PetziteColoradoiteCalaverite

xAltaite*Coloradoite

+Petzite*Calaverite*Melonite

HessiteTetradymite

*Altaite*ColoradoitexCalaverite*Melonite

Pe1a'ite*Altaite*Calaverite*Coloradoite*Petzite

xAltaitexCalaverite+Melonite*Altaite*Coloradoite*Calaverite*Altaite*Calaverite*Altaite*Petzite*Calaverite

TetradymiteMikado Mine, Rickard Township.

380 R, M. THOMPSON

QuebuOpasat ica D is t r i c t . . . . . . . . . Pe tz i teRobb-Montbray Mine, Montbray Township, Abitibi County .*Altaite

Coloradoite*Petzite*Melonite*Frohbergite*Montbrayite

("krennerite")*Tellurbismuth

("tetradymite")Horne Mine, Noranda... *Altaite

*Calaverite*Petzite

Powell Rouyn Mine, Noranda.Stadacona Mine, RouynMcWatters Mine, Rouyn Townshrp.. .

Lamaque Mine, Bourlamaque Township... . .

Perron Mine, Bourlamaque Township. ....xTetradymite

Sullivan Mine, BourlamaqueTownship . ... .*Hessite

Sul l ivan Consol idated Mines. . . . . . . *Tel lurbismuth+Petzite

Siscoe Gold Mines, Siscoe .. . . . *Tetradymite

Eureka Mine, Tiblemont Township. Tetradymite

.. xCalaverite+Tellurbismuth

Bevcourt Mine, Louvicourt Township *Altaite*PetzitexWehrlite

Canadian Malartic Gold Mine, Fourniere Township. . . . .*PetzitexCalaverite*Wehrlite

REFERENCES

Bonrv, L. G. (1946) : Nagyagite-t/aia. Toronlo Sludies, Geol. Ser., 50' 35-48.Bunrows, A. G. (1912): The Porcupine gold area-Qntario Dept. Mines,2l,205-249-- (t917): Gold-bearing veins in Benoit Township-4nlario Dept. Mines,26r248-251.

ElotrrNs, P. E. (1914): The Kirkland Lake and Swastika Gold ateas-4ntarioDept. Mines,23 (2).

*Tellurbismuth

("tetradymite")

HessiteKrennerite

SylvaniteRickardite (?)

Undeterminedpink telluride

*Tetradymite+Petzite

HessiteTetradymite

*Petzite*Calaverite*TellurbismuthxTetradymite

TELLURIDE MINER.4.LS AND THEIR OCCURRENCE IN CANADA 381

CanNrs, D. D. (1912): Canadian tellurium-containing ores-Jow. Canadian M,ini.ng Inst.,t4,185-202.

CAusrll, C. (1910): The geology and ore deposits of Hedley mining district, British Co-lumbia-Geol. Suru. C anad.a, Mem. 2,

Cor-nuar, A. P. (1896): Second report on the gold fields of Western Ontario-Ontario Bur.Mines, S (II).

DeNa, E. S. (19aa) : Sysl.em oJ minerology, ed.. 7 ,by C. PAr,e.cun, H. Bnnumv AND C. FRoN-orr,-New York.

Fr.oNonr, C. (1940): Redefinition of tellurobismuthite and vandiestite-lm. Jour. Sci,.,238, 880-888.

Gnwra, F. A. (1868): Contributions to mineralogy, No. VII-,42. four.5ei.,48,305-321.

-- (1877): Contributions from the Iaboratory of the University of Pennsylvania. No.Xf. On some tellurium and vanadium minerals-Proc. Am. Phil,. Soc.,17, ll3-123.

H,rtcount, G. A. (lgQ) : Tables for the identification of ore minerals by x-ray powder pat-terns-A m. M ineral., 27, 6f'-173.

HAnvrr, R. (1912): Notes on a discovery of a telluride gold ore at Opasatica and its prob-able relations to gold ores of the Porcupine and neighbouring districts-,Iow. CanadianM inin g I nst., 14, 164-17 0.

HorruaNr, G. C. (1895): Chemical contributions to the geology of Canada--4eol,. Swa.Canada, Ann. Rep.,6, R1-93.

- (1897): Report of the section of chemistry and mining--4eol,. Surt. Canad,a, Ann. Rep.8, 1-59R.

HorrtNs, P. E. (1915): The Beatty-Munro gold area--Oztario Dept. Mines,24,l7l-184.- (1 92 1) : Ontario gold deposits-4ntar i o D ept. M i,nes, 3O, l-2.Honwooo, H. C. (1945): Geology and mineral deposits of the Red Lake area-4ntario

Dept. Mines,49 (2).Knrrr, J. F. (1898): Geological occurrence and associates of the telluride gold. ores-The

Minual, Industry, 6, 295-320.Knvs, M. R. (1940): Paragenesis in lfollnger veins-Econ. Geol.,35, 611-628.Pnecocr, M. A. (1941): On joseite, grtinlingite, oruetite-Unia. Toronto Stud,ies, Geol. Ser.,

46, 83-105.-- AND Bnnr.v, L. G. (1940): Rd,ntgenographic observations on ore minerals-Uniu. To-

ronto Stud,ies, Geol. Ser., 4,47-69.Tnoursow, R. M. (1946o): Melonite from Quebec and the crystal structureof

NiTe2-Units. Toronto Stud.ies, Geol. Ser., 50, 63-73.- (1946b): Montbrayite, a new gold telluride-Am. Mineral,.,3l,515-526.PrNrrnro, S. L., eNo Fon-o, W. E. (1902): Ueber den Calaverit-Zeits. Kryst.,35r 43V45l.Pnarr, G. M. (1931) : An occurrence of tellurides near Smithers, B. C.-Unio. Toronto Stud-

ies, Geol. Ser.,30, 55-56.Pnrce, P. (1934): The geology and ore deposits of the Horne mine, Noranda, Quebec-

Bul,l.. C anad,ian I nst. Mini,ng M et., 108-140.Scuanrzrn, R. (1880): Mineralogische Beobachtungen-Ib. Geol. Reichsanst.,30, 593-608.Scuor-:rz, D. L. (1936): The magmatic nickeliferous ore deposits of East Griqualand and

Pondoland-?r an s. G eol. S o c. S outh A f rico, 39, 8 1-2 10.Sutneur, A. (1878): Ueber die Tellurerze Siebenbtirgens-Zazts. Kryst.,2, 209-252.Suonr, M. N. (1937): Etch tests on calaverite, krennerite, and sylvanite-,4 m. Mi,naal.,

22,667-674.-- (1940): Microscopic determination of the ore minerals-l/. S. Geol.. Sunt.,BulL9l4.Snrrn, F. C. (1890): A proposed method for working tellurides-?zons. Am. Inst. Mini.ng

Eng.,18,439-47.

382 R. M. THOMPSON

Srrrlwnr-L, F. L. (1931): The occurrence of telluride minerals at Kalgoorlie-Proc. Aus-tralasion Inst. Mining Me|.,84, 11F190.

Tuowsox, R. M. (1946d) : Goldfieldite:tellurian tetrahedrite-Unio. Toronto Studies,Geol. Ser., 50,77-78.

- (1946b): Antamokite discredited-l/zia. Toronlo Studies, Geol. Ser., 50, 79.- (1947): Frohbergite, FeTez: a new member of the marcasite group-Unia. Toronlo

Stuilies, Geol. Ser., 5l, 35+10.Tuouso r, E. (1922): The occurrence of tellurides in Ontario-l/zit;. Toronto Studies, Geol.

Se r . , 14 ,91 -98 .-- (1923): Some new occurrences of tellurides in Ontatio-Unit. Toronto Sluilies, GeoL

Ser. ,16,38-39.- (1928): A new telluride occurrence in Quebec-t/zit. Toronto Stud,ies, Geol. Ser.,27,

7t-14.-- (1931): Tellurides at the Moss mine-Unia. Toronto Stu.d.ies, Geol. Ser., 30, 51-54.-- (1932): Metallic minerals of the Ashley mine, Bannockburn Township, Ontario-

Unio. Toronl.o Studies, Geol. Ser., 32,27-31.-- (1934): Telluride ores at Straw Lake, Ontario, and Eureka mine, Quebec-Unia. To-

ronto Slud.ies, Geol. Ser., 36, 33-36.-- (1935): Telluride ores in Ontario and Quebec-[/zia. Toronto Stud.ies, Geol. Ser.,38,

4749.-- (1937): A review of the occurrence of tellurides inCanada-Unir. Toron!.o Stu,ilies,

Geol. Ser.,40,95-101.Tooo, E. W. (1929): Kirkland Lake gold area-Ann. Report, Ontario Dept. Mines,37 (2).Toronv, L. (1932): Uber Hessit-Zeits. Krist., 82, 15+-157 .- (1934): Berichtigung zu meiner Mitteilung ,,Uber Hessit"-Zeits. Kr'kt,.,8g,416.Tunnu, G., eno Ksaxol, C. J. (1935) : The crystal structure of calaverite-,I. Wosh. Ac.

Sci.,25,32-33.- (1936) : The crystal structure of krennerite-J. Wash. Ac. Sci.,261 507-509.- (1937): The space-group and unit cell of sylvanite-Ant. Minerd.,22, 728-730.W,tlrnn, T. L. awo PaRsoNs, A. L. (1925): Petzite from the Hollinger mine, Timmins,

Ontario-Unia. Toronlo Slu.dies, Geol. Ser,, 20, 39-40.Wemrr, H. V. (1946): Bismuth tellurides from the White Elephant claim, British Colum-

hia-Unia. Toronto Sluilies, Geol. Ser., 50,75-77.- AND Devrs, P. (19110): Some bismuth minerals from British Colttmbia-Unizt. To-

ronto Stuilies, Geol. Ser., 4, 107-lll.-- AND Pnecocr, M. A. (1945): Hedleyite, a new bismuth telluride from British Colum-

bia, with notes on wehrlite and some bismutl-tellurium alloys-[/zizt. Toronlo Stud.ies,Geol. Ser.,49, 55-69.