this week, we talked about dna… t goes with…? g goes with…? what does dna look like? ok, so...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
This week, we talked about DNA…
• T goes with…?• G goes with…?
• What does DNAlook like?
• Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…
![Page 2: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What’s RNA?
• RNA is short for Ribose Nucleic Acid. It helps our body decode DNA and it helps assemble proteins.
![Page 3: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What’s the difference between DNA and RNA?
• RNA single-stranded while DNA has two strands.
• RNA contains Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose sugar.
• RNA uses uracil(U) instead of thymine (T).
![Page 4: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Three Types of RNA
• There are three types of RNA.
• Most RNA molecules have only one job – protein synthesis.
![Page 6: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Three Types of RNA
• Messenger (mRNA): a messenger between DNA in the nucleus and ribosomes in the cytoplasm
![Page 7: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Three Types of RNA
• Transfer (tRNA): transfers amino acids to the ribosomes to build proteins
![Page 8: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Three Types of RNA
• Ribosomal (rRNA): makes up part of the ribosome; clamps/hold onto mRNA and hold it in place
![Page 9: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Three Types of RNA
• Label the three types of RNA…
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
![Page 10: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Essential Idea:DNA RNA Proteins
(This is important. That’s why it’s so BIG! Circle it, put a big star by it. I wouldn’t be telling you
do this if it wasn’t an IMPORTANT IDEA. )
![Page 11: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• What? Using info from DNA to make proteins– The sequence of DNA bases is a code for how to
make proteins. • Where? Takes place in the nucleus and
cytoplasm of a cell• Why? So our cells can make the proteins need
for important processes all over our bodies– Ex. in humans, how we make hair, fingernails,
hemoglobin, insulin, enzymes, etc…
![Page 12: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
DNA RNA Proteins• How?–DNA RNA by transcription–RNA proteins by translation
![Page 13: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Transcriptalatiowhat?
• Don’t worry, by the end of this you will be EXPERTS! (Pros, masters, geniuses, magicians, super synthesizers --- trust me, you got this).
• First, we’ll talk about transcription.
![Page 14: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
TRANSCRIPTION
• What? Making mRNA molecules by using the DNA sequence as a template
• Where? Takes place in the nucleus• Why? So that a disposable copy of the
“protein instruction manual” stored in DNA can be transferred to the ribosome and used to make a protein
• How?
![Page 15: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Steps in Transcription
Transcription is just like DNA replication (almost) except that we are making messenger RNA instead and U is put in place of T
![Page 16: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Steps in Transcription: Separation of Strands1. The enzyme RNA polymerase uses one DNA
strand as a template
![Page 17: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Steps in Transcription: Separation of Strands1. Only one gene is copied at a time; mRNA is
made at the start of a gene sequence
![Page 18: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Steps in Transcription: Base Pairing
2. Free RNA nucleotides are matched to exposed DNA nucleotides (A=U, C=G)
![Page 19: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Steps in Transcription: Bonding of Bases
3. Sugars and phosphates bond to form a new backbone
![Page 20: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Steps in Transcription: Termination/Stop Codon
4. Transcription stops when a terminator/ stop codon (end of the sequence) is reached
![Page 21: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Steps in Transcription: Results of Transcription
5. The mRNA molecule is acomplementary (opposite)copy of the DNA sequence
![Page 22: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Steps in Transcription
5. Each three-nucleotide set on the mRNA is called a codon, which represents a different amino acid
![Page 23: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Let’s practice transcription:
DNA: ATC CGT AAG CTC GTC
mRNA: UAG GCA UUC GAG CAG
![Page 24: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Let’s practice transcription:
DNA: GGC TAA TCG ACT GCA
mRNA: CCG AUU AGC UGA CGU
![Page 25: This week, we talked about DNA… T goes with…? G goes with…? What does DNA look like? Ok, so now we’ll talk about RNA…](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649d845503460f94a6b2db/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Let’s practice transcription:
DNA: ATC GAC GCT CAT CGA
mRNA: UAG CUG CGA GUA GCU