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This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira Evropska Unija GUIDELINES FOR THE ELABORATION OF INTERNAL EMERGENCY PLANS Ike van der Putte

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Page 1: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

This project is funded by the European Union

Projekat finansira Evropska Unija

GUIDELINES FOR THE ELABORATION OF INTERNAL EMERGENCY PLANS

Ike van der Putte

Page 2: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

OVERVIEW

• Requirements IEP according to SEVESO II/III

• Concept and Structure of Emergency Planning

• Contents of an IEP

Page 3: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

REQUIREMENTS IEP

Seveso II/III :

The emergency plans must be established with the objectives of:

— containing and controlling incidents so as to minimize the effects,

and to limit damage to man, the environment and property,

— implementing the measures necessary to protect man and the environment

from the effects of major accidents,

— communicating the necessary information to the public and to the

services or authorities concerned in the area,

— providing for the restoration and clean-up of the environment

following a major accident.

Emergency plans shall contain the information set out in Annex IV/IV

Page 4: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

Minimum contents IEP according to ANNEX IV - SEVESO

(a) Names or positions of persons authorized to set emergency procedures inmotion and the person in charge of and coordinating the on-site mitigatoryaction.(b) Name or position of the person with responsibility for liaising with theauthority responsible for the external emergency plan.(c) For foreseeable conditions or events which could be significant inbringing about a major accident, a description of the action which shouldbe taken to control the conditions or events and to limit their consequences,including a description of the safety equipment and theresources available.

Page 5: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

Minimum contents IEP according to ANNEX IV - SEVESO

(d) Arrangements for limiting the risks to persons on site including howwarnings are to be given and the actions persons are expected to takeon receipt of a warning.(e) Arrangements for providing early warning of the incident to the authorityresponsible for setting the external emergency plan in motion, the type ofinformation which should be contained in an initial warning and thearrangements for the provision of more detailed information as itbecomes available.(f) Arrangements for training staff in the duties they will be expected toperform, and where necessary coordinating this with off-site emergencyservices.(g) Arrangements for providing assistance with off-site mitigatory action.

Page 6: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

B. Organisation of alert and interventionThe organisation for alert and intervention should be adequately described.This description should include:• organisation, responsibilities, and procedures for emergency response;• training and information for personnel and emergency response crews;• activation of warnings and alarms for site personnel, external authorities,neighbouring installations, and where necessary for the public;• identification of installations which need protection or rescue interventions;• identification of rescue & escape routes, emergency refuges, shelteredbuildings, and control centres;• provision for shut-off of processes, utilities and plants with the potential toaggravate the consequences.

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT SR on IEP

Page 7: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

CONCEPT OF EMERGENCY PLANNING (CONTINUED)

Internal Emergency PlanRisk Reduction

Risk Assessment Regulations and Decree

Page 8: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

STRUCTURE OF EMERGENCY PLANNING

OFF-SITE

Municipal/External Emergency Plan

Internal Emergency Plan

ON-SITE

National Emergency Plan

Page 9: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

Contents of an Internal Emergency Plan (example)

1. Scope of the plan2. Extent of Planning3. Implementation and use of the plan4. Resources5. Monitoring, notification and warning6. Mobilisation of resources7. Management and Administration8. Protection, rescue and relief9. Personal and mutual protection10.List of terms and Abbreviations11.Annexes – A - D Annexes

A- Action Plan for Bodies Implementing the PlanB- Collection of Data necessary for Implementation of the PlanC- Training and Drill ProgrammeD- Instruction for Maintenance and Distribution of the Plan

Page 10: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

CONTENTS OF AN IEP

1. Scope of the Plan

Outline- the major-accident scenarios- potential for knock-on/domino effects

(see site Risk Assessment)

2. Extent of Planning

Outline extent of coordination - facility- municipal/regional/state

3. Implementation and use of the PlanOutline the concept for implementation of the EP in the event of major accidents for which the plan has been developed: Flowchart showing how the plan will be implemented.! Key decision making

Page 11: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

CONTENTS OF AN IEP (CONTINUED)

4. Resources

Outline necessary resources (personnel, facilities and funding) and the available funding. Necessary resources are defined by the results of the risk assessment and generally related to national legislation.

The available resources are those available at the establishment (with addition if needed)

Emergency response teams (see further guidelines)

Emergency response facilities (see further guidelines)

5. Monitoring, notification, and warning

Outline the means of monitoring for major accidents at establishment (toxic release, fire/explosion, spill)

Outline the means of promptly notifying and/or warning in the event of a major acident

-site personnel; - members of the public possibly affected; -external agencies or state bodies responsible for activating the EEP

Page 12: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

CONTENTS OF AN IEP (CONTINUED)6. Mobilisation of resources

Outline the procedure for mobilising

the required resources (personnel, equipment and funds). Flowcharts may be

useful.

7. Management and administration

Outline the IEP management structure (role and responsibilities of team)

Indicate positions of persons authorized/responsible - To activate the various elements of the IEP- To harmonise procedures to mitigate the consequences of a major accident- To liaise with other bodies responsible for emergency plans (municipal or

state)

Page 13: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

8. Protection. Rescue and relief

For foreseeable conditions or events, which could lead to a major accident, provide a description of the actions which should be taken to control the conditions or events and to limit their consequences.

Outline the protective measures in place, how protection actions will be implemented and those responsible for implementation.

Outline the rescue and relief tasks and those responsible for implementing these tasks.

Indicate the measures for offering assistance to the municipality in the event of a major accident.

Page 14: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

9. PERSONAL AND MUTUAL PROTECTIONDescribe measures for diminishing the risk to employees.

Outline the instructions for an individual to prevent and mitigate the consequences of a major accident on their health, life and property. Indicate how these instructions will be effectively disseminated.

LIST OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ANNEXES

Page 15: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

CONTENTS OF AN IEP (CONTINUED)Annexes:

A. Action plan for bodies implementing the plan

Include copy of relevant site procedures, e.g. incident reporting/investigation procedure Include sample media statement for use in the event of Major AccidentB. Relevant data for implementing the plan

Include all relevant data such as names, positions, role in IEP, telephone numbers, faxes Include a copy of appropriate additional site information, e.g. drawings showing locations of hazardous materials, etc.

C. Training and drill programme

Outline the staff training programme for tasks to be undertaken in the event of a major accident and the joint training programmes with external agencies. (see further guidance on emergency training and emergency response testing and drills

D. Maintenance and distribution of the plan (instructions to be provided)

Page 16: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

CONTENTS OF AN EEP (CONTINUED)

• Content items are the same

• External agencies are involved

• The public is involved

Page 17: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

M ajo r A cc iden t R esponse F low chartS ta rtL ink to F ac ility S a fe ty M anagem ent

S ys tem

A cc iden t O ccurs

A cc iden t B rough tU nder C on tro l ?

S itua tion U nder C on tro l

Inves tiga te and R eport

E nd

A ctiva te E xte rna lE m ergency P lan

Yes

N o

R a ise A la rm and A ctiva teIn te rna l E m ergency P lan

Major Accident ResponseFlowchart

Page 18: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

F ire /E xp los ion R esponse F low chartF ire /E xp los ion

O ccurs

Iso la te /shu t-o ff non essen tia l se rv ices e tc to m in im ise dam age

L ink to F ac ility S a fe ty M anagem entS ys tem

R a ise a la rm im m ed ia te ly and ac tiva te In te rna lE m ergency P lan

S um m on E R T w ho respond in fu ll P P E and B A

If deem ed necessa ry, recom m end ac tiva tion o f E xte rna lE m ergency P lan to respons ib le au tho rity

Inves tiga te and R eport

A dm in is te r firs t m ed ica l trea tm en t to in ju red pe rson (s )

E vacua te a rea /s ite if necessa ry

S p ill, toxic re lease flow charts to be u tilised as approp ria te todea l w ith the resu lts o f the fire /exp los ion

E nd

ERT Emergency Response TeamPPE Personal Protective EquipmentBA Breathing Apparatus

See spill, toxic releasesFlow charts

Page 19: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

Toxic R e lease F low cha rtR e lease O ccu rs

Iso la te /shu t-o ff sou rce o f re lease if poss ib le and sa fe to do so

L ink to F ac ility S a fe ty M anagem en tS ys tem

R a ise a la rm im m ed ia te ly and ac tiva te In te rna l E m ergencyP lan

A c tiva te E R T w ho respond in fu ll P P E and B A

If deem ed necessa ry, recom m end ac tiva tion o f E xte rna lE m ergency P lan to respons ib le au tho rity

Inves tiga te and R epo rt

A dm in is te r firs t m ed ica l trea tm en t to in ju red pe rson (s )

E vacua te a rea /s ite if necessa ry

E nd

Page 20: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

S p ill R esponse F low cha rtS p ill O ccu rs

E nsu re d ischa rge has ceased

L ink to F ac ility S a fe ty M anagem en tS ys tem

R a ise a la rm im m ed ia tey and ac tiva te In te rna lE m ergency P lan

S um m on E R T w ho respond in P P E and tack le sp ill on ly if sa feto do so

If sp ill is flam m ab le , tu rn o ff a ll ign ition and hea t sou rces in the a rea

C on ta in and c lean -up sp ill us ing sp ill k its . Take pho tog raphs if app rop ria te and ifpe rm itted

W ash dow n a rea w he re sp ill occu red if necessa ry. C on ta in w ashdow n w a te r andused sp ill abso rben t m a te ria ls and d ispose o f as haza rdous w as te

Inves tiga te and R epo rt

E vacua te pe rsonne l from a rea if necessa ry

S ea l d ra ins in the a rea w ith d ra in p lugs

E nd

A dm in is te r firs t m ed ica l trea tm en t to in ju red pe rson (s )

If deem ed necessa ry, recom m end ac tiva tion o f E xte rna lE m ergency P lan to respons ib le au tho rity

Page 21: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM

Core responsibilities – see also national legislation:• To protect the health and safety of persons in the event of an emergency.• To minimise damage to the environment.• To limit damage to property and company assets.

Effective emergency plans require that, in the event of an incident, nominated individuals are given specific responsibilities, often separate from their day to day activities.

The members of the ERT should be from different sections of the establishment and be at different levels within the establishment.

Page 22: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

MCT and FCT

The on-site ERT can be considered to be made up of two basic groups:

Main Control Team - in the event of an emergency, the Main Control Team (MCT) manages the overall emergency. It ensures that a proper evacuation is taking place, that emergency services have been called and that other essential tasks, including traffic control and site access control, are carried out.

Forward Control Team - the Forward Control Team (FCT) responds to the location of the incident, in fire gear or other protective clothing as appropriate, with the objective of achieving control of the source of the emergency in a safe manner.

Page 23: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

Main Control Team (MCT)The MCT operates from the Emergency Control Centre (ECC) and its function is to co-ordinate the following activities in the event of an emergency:

• Management of the emergency ( mobilisation key personnel, emergency services summoned, Ext. emergency plan initiated, controlling traffic movement etc.)

• Technical co-ordination (site plans , location of hazardous materials etc. should be readily available)

• Liaison with external organisations (all to be contacted)

• Liaison with relatives (all calls and queries to be dealt with)

• Liaison with media (local/national media with accurate and relevant information communicated)

Page 24: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

Forward Control Team

The FCT will respond to the location of the incident, in fire gear or other protective clothing as appropriate. The number of fire fighters, first aiders, etc. should be in accordance with the requirements of the National Regulations and the site risk assessment. The members of the FCT should have received adequate training to cope with varying emergency scenarios.

In addition to dealing with the immediate incident, i.e. the fire/explosion, toxic release, etc. and achieving control in a safe manner, the FCT will carry out

• Evacuation Coordination• Preliminary Medical Assistance

Page 25: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES

Emergency Response EquipmentEstablishments should have appropriate emergency systems such as fire detection and alarm systems, fire protection/fighting facilities, back-up fire protection/fighting facilities, assembly points, first aid kits, spill control facilities and spill control kits.(see national regulations)

The site risk assessment should identify the hazards present and the control measures which are required for the FCT in the event of an emergency:

Fire hose reels and fire extinguishersFireman safety helmetFireproof trousers and jacketFireman glovesBreathing apparatusChemical resistant safety bootsChemically resistant disposable protective suit

Chemical resistant glovesSpill clean-up materialsEx rated radiosMaster key(s)Emergency oxygen supply for victimsFirst aid kits etc.

In addition to the equipment listed above, other emergency equipment may be required depending on the distance from the nearest external services.

Page 26: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES

On-Site Emergency Control Centre - FunctionThe on-site Emergency Control Centre (ECC) is the place from which the emergency is managed and co-ordinated. For large facilities, a purpose built ECC is advisable. In all cases however, the ECC should be located in a “safe” area which will not be affected by the identified major-accident hazards

The on-site ECC will normally be the location occupied by the MCT. Senior officers of the external emergency services in attendance on site may also be located in the ECC.The on-site ECC should have good communication links with the FCT and all otherareas on the establishment, as well as communications with appropriate points off-site. The links to off-site facilities should include emergency services headquarters, hospitals, police, regulatory authorities and company headquarters.

Page 27: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES

On-Site Emergency Control Centre- Equipment/Location

Equipment and data• Equipment dedicated for communication with Ext. Emergency services and internal , on-site, communication; • Copy of the IEP and up to date list of contact numbers for all personnel havinga role in response to incident and a list of contact names and numbers for externalemergency services, local authority, external agencies, the media and any additional. • Facility plans;• Details shut down procedures• File with MSDSs for all chemicals• Facilities to ensure that a record is kept of all messages sent and received.• Access to data on all those present on the facility at the time of the incident, including contractors and visitors.

LocationThe on-site ECC should be designed to remain operational in all but the most severe emergency -note back-up ECC/ back-up evacuation points may be needed)

.

Page 28: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

EMERGENCY TRAINING

In order for the IEP to work effectively, it is important that personnel are trained in their duties in the event of an emergency

The MCT will require training specific to their roles. This will typically include:• Emergency Management• Effective Communications

The FCT will require “hands on” training as they are involved in dealing with the actual emergency. The following is a list of training which would typically be required:

Emergency ManagementOccupational First AidFire FightingUse of Breathing Apparatus (BA)Confined Space Entry

Spill ResponseToxic/Flammable Gas Release ResponseEmergency IsolationEvacuation Procedures

Facility Personnel All personnel within the facility, including contractors, must receive induction trainingwhich will make them aware of the major-accident hazards and the control measures. All personnel working within a facility, including contractors and visitors, must be made aware of the general procedure to follow in the event of an emergency

Page 29: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

EMERGENCY RESPONSE TESTING

The effectiveness of the ERT and the IEP should be tested on a regular basis.

Testing is carried out to give confidence that the plans are accurate, complete and practicable.

Testing should be based on major-accident scenarios identified for the site.

Tests of the IEP should primarily address the response during the initial emergency phase, which is usually the first few hours after the accident occurs (key decisions!)

Testing internal and external emergency plans, or part of, at the same time can produce considerable benefits. These benefits include ensuring that both emergency plans work effectively together.

Exercises to test the effectiveness of the IEP and which form part of the ongoing training of key personnel in the preparation for dealing with an emergency can take a number of different forms ( see next slide)

Page 30: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

Emergency Response Exercises

Emergency drills test a specific and relatively simple aspect of the emergency plan in isolation. Examples of emergency drills are: fire drills, alarm testing, evacuation, roll call and searching, cascade telephone calls, spillage control and recovery.In a walk-through exercise, the emergency response to a pre-determined emergency is walked through by the ERT, including visiting appropriate facilities such as the ECC.A table-top exercise is a training activity where an emergency situation is simulated in a controlled environment. The table-top exercises are most effective for members of the ERT, particularly the MCT, to practice their roles in an emergency.A control post exercise is similar to a table top exercise in that it uses simulated conditions to test emergency plans. However, rather than sitting around a table, the ERT respond by locating themselves as they would in a real incident. Full scale exercises involve testing the emergency plans to the full. In most cases, full scale exercises involve a larger number of participants. Usually, to test the plan fully, the exercise needs to involve the external emergency services and local authorities and therefore requires careful planning and organisation.

Page 31: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

LIASING WITH EXTERNAL EMERGENCY SERVICES

The external emergency services are an essential source of help and expertise in the event of an emergency. It is therefore important to ensure they are familiar with:• the layout of the site,• the nature of the work carried out,• chemicals stored on site, etc.,• the nature of the potential major-accident hazards at the site,• the IEP.The facility operator should invite the external emergency services onto the establishment to ascertain the information required by the external emergency services and to ensure they are familiar with the layout of the site.

There are two stages when information should be given to the external emergency services/local authorities:• when preparing, developing and practicing the IEP (emergency planning);• in the event of an accident

Page 32: This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira

This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

Liaison During Emergency PlanningThe following information should typically be given to the external emergency services/local authorities during the planning stage: • Information necessary to prepare the External Emergency Plan (EEP) as appropriate, i.e. if an external plan is required;• An up-to-date copy of all relevant drawings showing location of access roads, emergency exits, fire fighting equipment, hydrants, warehouses, chemical storage areas, gas cylinders and any other information requested by the external emergency services deemed necessary in the event of an emergency. This may all be included in the IEP;• An up-to-date summary of all hazardous materials present on the site and the actions to be taken in the event of an emergency. This may all be included in the IEP;• Plant shutdown procedure. This may be included in the IEP.

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This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

Liaison In The Event Of An AccidentWhen the emergency services arrive at the facility, the following information should be provided by the MCT:• Location and details of the accident, including personnel injured or missing, chemicals involved, wind speed, etc.;• Summary of any actions completed by MCT and FCT; • Any access restrictions;• Any other necessary information regarding the accident including the effect on adjacent facilities.

The external emergency services will liaise with the MCT/FCT and ascertain any additional information as required.

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This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/82/ECof 9 December 1996 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances(OJ L 10, 14.1.1997, p. 13) – consolidated version

DIRECTIVE 2012/18/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 4 July 2012 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directive 96/82/EC

Guidelines on a Major Accident Prevention Policyand Safety Management System,as required by Council Directive 96/82/EC (SEVESO II). Neil Mitchison & Sam Porter (Eds.)ISBN92-828-4664-4

Guidance on the preparation of a Safety Report to meet the requirements of Directive 96/82/EC as amended by Directive 2003/105/EC (SEVESO II).Luciano Fabbri, Michael Struckl and Maureen Wood (Eds.), 2005.ISBN 92-79-01301-7

Planning for Emergencies Involving Dangerous Substances for Slovenia. Final Report. Contract no: SL-0081.0011.01. 28 February 2012. I.van der Putte: Regional Environment Accession Project (REAP). Nethconsult/BKH Consulting Engineers/RPS. Subcontractors: AEA Technology, URS/Dames & Moore, EPCE, Project Management Group, REC Hungary

REFERENCES

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This Project is funded by the European Union

Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium