This presentation will provide explanation and

practice for:

Conditional Grammar, Part 3

Examples of this grammar:

I didn’t know Clara had her baby last week!

If I had known she had her baby, I would have visited her in the hospital.

Real: I didn’t know Clara had her baby.

Unreal: If I had known, I would have visited her.

Joe didn’t study for his test, so he failed it.

If he had studied for his test, he wouldn’t have failed it.

Real: Joe didn’t study, and he failed his test.

Unreal: If he had studied, he wouldn’t have failed his test.

How do we make this type of conditional grammar? Look at

these examples:

1. If I had seen you, I would have said “hello.”

2. Tomas wouldn’t have gotten a speeding ticket if he had driven more carefully.

After the IF, use ______________________ tense.

In the other clause, use ______________________.

Form & Meaning:When we use this grammar, we are often expressing regret for something that we did or didn’t do in the past. We can’t change the past, however we are lamenting a decision or action.

Ex. I ate two pieces of cake, and then I felt sick.

3rd Conditional: If I hadn’t eaten so much cake, I wouldn’t have gotten sick.

I’m imagining what would or would not have happened if the past had been different.

Notice that you can start these sentences with the If-clause or with the Would have-clause:

If Marta had not moved abroad, she never would have learned another language.

Marta never would have learned another language if she hadn’t moved abroad.

Try these examples:

1. If we ____________ (save) more

money last year, we ______________

(take) a vacation to Hawaii.

More Practice . . .2. If you ___________________

(not, remind) about

Lisa’s birthday, I

___________________

(forget) all about it.

More Practice . . .3. If I _____________ (go) to

bed earlier last night, I

___________________

(oversleep) this

morning.

We often use “wish” and Past Unreal Conditionals together to express an idea.

I wish I hadn’t cheated on the test.

If I hadn’t cheated, I wouldn’t

have gotten in trouble.

Remember how to useHopeand

Wish?

Using wish to regret past events. . .

Often we regret things that we did or didn’t do in the past. In these cases, we can use “wish.”

1.I wish I had won the contest.=I didn’t win, but I wish I had.

2. We wish we had caught a bigger fish.=We are wishing for something that didn’t happen.

Think about the grammar we use when we use wish for past

events:1. I wish I hadn’t

burned the hot dogs.

2. Mike wishes he had won the race.

Put the verb “wish” in ___________________tense.

After “wish,” put the verb in __________________.

Review . . .Hope + present tense = to express what you want to happen in the near future

I hope he calls me tonight.

Wish + simple past=to desire a situation that is different from the present

I wish I spoke Spanish more fluently.

Wish + past perfect=to regret what happened or didn’t happen in the PAST

I wish I hadn’t broken that vase.

For more practice . . .

Go to our class website for more practice!

Be sure to ask your teacher or classmates if you need help!