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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2010-14 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

Decennial 2010 Profile GEORGIA SENATE DISTRICT 2

Georgia Senate District 2

Decennial 2010 Profile

1

GEORGIA SENATE DISTRICT 2 Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

80−84

75−79

85 and over

70−74

65−69

60−64

10−14

40−44

55−59

35−39

5−9

45−49

50−54

Under 5

30−34

15−19

25−29

20−24

10,000 5,000 0 5,000 10,000

Males

Females


85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia Statewide

2


Race and Latino Origin

37%

53%

2%6% 2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other


56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia Statewide

3


Housing Tenure

30%

12%44%

14%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant


43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia Statewide

4


Households by Type

32%

27%

41%Husband−wife family

Single−parent family

Non−family


48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−parent family

Non−family

Georgia Statewide

5


Children by Household Type

37%

44%

16%

3%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters


57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia Statewide

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 172,067 100.0%

Under 5 years 12,701 7.4%5 to 9 years 10,707 6.2%10 to 14 years 9,722 5.7%15 to 19 years 13,877 8.1%20 to 24 years 20,064 11.7%25 to 29 years 15,948 9.3%30 to 34 years 12,286 7.1%35 to 39 years 10,055 5.8%40 to 44 years 9,639 5.6%45 to 49 years 10,389 6.0%50 to 54 years 10,497 6.1%55 to 59 years 9,168 5.3%60 to 64 years 8,049 4.7%65 to 69 years 5,642 3.3%70 to 74 years 4,124 2.4%75 to 79 years 3,390 2.0%80 to 84 years 2,817 1.6%85 years and over 2,992 1.7%

Median age (years) 31.2 (X)

16 years and over 136,936 79.6%18 years and over 132,543 77.0%21 years and over 120,605 70.1%62 years and over 23,575 13.7%65 years and over 18,965 11.0%

Male population 82,448 47.9%Under 5 years 6,510 3.8%5 to 9 years 5,362 3.1%10 to 14 years 4,978 2.9%15 to 19 years 6,707 3.9%20 to 24 years 9,812 5.7%25 to 29 years 7,999 4.6%30 to 34 years 6,054 3.5%35 to 39 years 4,988 2.9%40 to 44 years 4,818 2.8%45 to 49 years 5,044 2.9%50 to 54 years 4,993 2.9%55 to 59 years 4,207 2.4%60 to 64 years 3,610 2.1%65 to 69 years 2,505 1.5%70 to 74 years 1,724 1.0%75 to 79 years 1,360 0.8%80 to 84 years 946 0.5%85 years and over 831 0.5%


16 years and over 64,593 37.5%18 years and over 62,346 36.2%21 years and over 56,760 33.0%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 9,447 5.5%65 years and over 7,366 4.3%

Female population 89,619 52.1%Under 5 years 6,191 3.6%5 to 9 years 5,345 3.1%10 to 14 years 4,744 2.8%15 to 19 years 7,170 4.2%20 to 24 years 10,252 6.0%25 to 29 years 7,949 4.6%30 to 34 years 6,232 3.6%35 to 39 years 5,067 2.9%40 to 44 years 4,821 2.8%45 to 49 years 5,345 3.1%50 to 54 years 5,504 3.2%55 to 59 years 4,961 2.9%60 to 64 years 4,439 2.6%65 to 69 years 3,137 1.8%70 to 74 years 2,400 1.4%75 to 79 years 2,030 1.2%80 to 84 years 1,871 1.1%85 years and over 2,161 1.3%


16 years and over 72,343 42.0%18 years and over 70,197 40.8%21 years and over 63,845 37.1%62 years and over 14,128 8.2%65 years and over 11,599 6.7%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 172,067 100.0%

One Race 168,271 97.8%White 67,318 39.1%Black or African American 92,824 53.9%American Indian and Alaska Native 488 0.3%Asian 3,363 2.0%

Asian Indian‡ 881 0.5%Chinese† ‡ 683 0.4%Filipino‡ 446 0.3%Japanese‡ 92 0.1%Korean‡ 426 0.2%Vietnamese‡ 658 0.4%Other Asian† ‡ 336 0.2%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander† ‡ 188 0.1%Native Hawaiian‡ 28 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro‡ 41 0.0%Samoan‡ 17 0.0%Other Pacific Islander‡ 87 0.1%

Some Other Race 4,090 2.4%Two or More Races 3,796 2.2%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 383 0.2%White; Asian 572 0.3%White; Black or African American 1,259 0.7%White; Some Other Race 348 0.2%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 70,266 40.8%Black or African American 95,050 55.2%American Indian and Alaska Native 1,392 0.8%Asian 4,361 2.5%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 405 0.2%Some Other Race 4,795 2.8%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 172,067 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 9,860 5.7%Mexican‡ 4,628 2.7%Puerto Rican‡ 1,775 1.0%Cuban‡ 346 0.2%Other Hispanic or Latino‡ 2,601 1.5%

Not Hispanic or Latino 162,207 94.3%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 172,067 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 9,860 5.7%White alone 4,229 2.5%Black or African American alone 903 0.5%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 67 0.0%Asian alone 52 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 19 0.0%Some Other Race alone 3,789 2.2%Two or More Races 801 0.5%

Not Hispanic or Latino 162,207 94.3%White alone 63,089 36.7%Black or African American alone 91,921 53.4%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 421 0.2%Asian alone 3,311 1.9%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 169 0.1%Some Other Race alone 301 0.2%Two or More Races 2,995 1.7%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 172,067 100.0%

In households 159,511 92.7%Householder 65,091 37.8%Spouse 21,135 12.3%Child 45,828 26.6%

Own child under 18 years 32,050 18.6%Other relatives 14,228 8.3%

Under 18 years 6,313 3.7%65 years and over† 1,315 0.8%

Nonrelatives 13,229 7.7%Under 18 years 673 0.4%65 years and over 414 0.2%

Unmarried partner‡ 4,712 2.7%

In group quarters 12,556 7.3%Institutionalized population 4,934 2.9%

Male 3,910 2.3%Female 1,024 0.6%

Noninstitutionalized population 7,622 4.4%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 3,805 2.2%Female 3,817 2.2%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 65,091 100.0%

Family households (families) 38,448 59.1%With own children under 18 years 17,161 26.4%

Husband-wife family 21,135 32.5%With own children under 18 years 7,928 12.2%

Male householder, no wife present 3,123 4.8%With own children under 18 years 1,237 1.9%

Female householder, no husband present 14,190 21.8%With own children under 18 years 7,996 12.3%

Nonfamily households 26,643 40.9%Householder living alone 20,227 31.1%

Male 8,631 13.3%65 years and over‡ 1,707 2.6%

Female 11,306 17.4%65 years and over‡ 4,242 6.5%

Households with individuals under 18 years 20,555 31.6%Households with individuals 65 years and over 14,370 22.1%

Average household size 2.45 (X)Average family size 3.11 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 75,651 100.0%

Occupied housing units 65,091 86.0%Vacant housing units 10,560 14.0%

For rent 5,279 7.0%Rented, not occupied 173 0.2%For sale only 1,381 1.8%Sold, not occupied 277 0.4%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 663 0.9%All other vacants 2,787 3.7%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 4.1 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 13.7 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 65,091 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 31,958 49.1%Population in owner-occupied housing units 79,406 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.48 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 33,133 50.9%Population in renter-occupied housing units 80,105 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.42 (X)

Notes:† Data may differ from the Census Bureau’s DP-1 totals due to differences in reporting methods (see Technical Notes).‡ Based on tract-level data (see Technical Notes).∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory, a Neighborhood Nexus Core Partner.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This is one in a series of reports featuring demographic profiles for each district in both chambers of the GeorgiaGeneral Assembly. These profiles use data from the Census Bureau’s 2010 Census of Population and Housing andfollow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles available via the Census Bureau’s American FactFinder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest (e.g.income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the questionnaire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureau collects data.First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I, Section 2 requires anenumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of the House of Representatives. Butthe only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government has long seen fit to gather other data about thenation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census(counting of the entire population) simultaneously with a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultane-ously: most households received a ”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” witheverything contained on the ”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income)was administered to a sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to a new ”continuousmeasurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had its nationwide launch in 2005.The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau on a continuous, rolling basis. It is intendedto replace the ”long form” that has been a component of the decennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The two differ inmany important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshot for anyparticular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day (historicallyApril 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed. For example,ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while the decennial looked at theprevious calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of the decennial census: roughly 2.5%each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combined sample of only about 12.5%, considerablysmaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census; the implications of this smaller sample on themargin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, the pooling across years required to yield a decent-sizedsample for smaller areas creates complications for interpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one tosay, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the population in region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of theperiod 2005-2009, on average X% of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimateover a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACShas been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies suchas states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created newchallenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please refer to theCensus Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: WhatGeneral Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above the medianand 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middle value (if the numberof items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number of items is even). However, theCensus Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into a particular income range. Estimatingmedians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains the middlemost value, then estimating the pointwithin that range that the middlemost value would occupy. The median cannot be estimated if it falls within a rangelacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granular levelof geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally much larger. Becausethe geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts must be re-estimated to theblock level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportion of the tract population residingwithin each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level data are madeavailable) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, the question of whetherChinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the two releases. Though minor, thesedifferences are flagged in our reports.

ACS 2010-14 Profile GEORGIA SENATE DISTRICT 2


ACS 2010-14 Profile

1

GEORGIA SENATE DISTRICT 2 ACS 2010-14 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

10

20

30

40

50P

erce

nt

Georgia Senate District 2 Georgia United States

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2


Percent Foreign-Born

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

25

50

75

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

5

10

15

20

25

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

25

50

75P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

10

20

30

Per

cent


Median Household Income

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

10

20

30P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

10

20

30

40

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 66,049 ±975 66,049 (X)

Family households (families) 37,917 ±968 57.4% ±1.2With own children under 18 years 17,094 ±827 25.9% ±1.2

Married-couple family 21,190 ±850 32.1% ±1.2With own children under 18 years 8,368 ±551 12.7% ±0.8

Male householder, no wife present, family 3,116 ±460 4.7% ±0.7With own children under 18 years 1,043 ±241 1.6% ±0.4

Female householder, no husband present, family 13,611 ±750 20.6% ±1.1With own children under 18 years 7,683 ±567 11.6% ±0.8

Nonfamily households 28,132 ±1,040 42.6% ±1.4Householder living alone 22,573 ±840 34.2% ±1.265 years and over 6,449 ±457 9.8% ±0.7

Households with one or more people under 18 years 20,036 ±707 30.3% ±1.0Households with one or more people 65 years and over 14,633 ±442 22.2% ±0.6

Average household size 2.59 ±0.05 (X) (X)Average family size 3.41 ±0.11 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 170,755 ±1,632 170,755 (X)

Householder 66,049 ±1,421 38.7% ±0.7Spouse 21,235 ±851 12.4% ±0.5Child 53,254 ±1,385 31.2% ±0.8Other relatives 16,717 ±1,236 9.8% ±0.7Nonrelatives 13,500 ±1,257 7.9% ±0.7

Unmarried partner 4,146 ±544 2.4% ±0.3

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 68,947 ±950 68,947 (X)

Never married 33,333 ±1,071 48.3% ±1.4Now married, except separated 24,300 ±979 35.2% ±1.3Separated 1,686 ±331 2.4% ±0.5Widowed 2,250 ±352 3.3% ±0.5Divorced 7,378 ±607 10.7% ±0.9

Females 15 years and over 77,452 ±945 77,452 (X)Never married 32,665 ±964 42.2% ±1.1Now married, except separated 23,186 ±973 29.9% ±1.2Separated 2,123 ±323 2.7% ±0.4Widowed 7,364 ±459 9.5% ±0.6Divorced 12,114 ±782 15.6% ±1.0

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

2,888 ±394 2,888 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 1,816 ±324 62.9% ±7.2Per 1,000 unmarried women 51 ±9 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 57 ±8 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 23 ±11 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 90 ±15 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 22 ±8 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

4,680 ±646 4,680 (X)

Responsible for grandchildren 2,047 ±498 43.7% ±8.8Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 567 ±254 12.1% ±5.21 or 2 years 378 ±152 8.1% ±3.13 or 4 years 534 ±321 11.4% ±6.75 or more years 568 ±174 12.1% ±3.3

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

2,047 ±498 2,047 (X)

Who are female 1,460 ±355 71.3% ±24.5Who are married 1,030 ±385 50.3% ±14.3

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 55,236 ±1,177 55,236 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 3,296 ±405 6.0% ±0.7Kindergarten 2,198 ±347 4.0% ±0.6Elementary school (grades 1-8) 18,074 ±871 32.7% ±1.4High school (grades 9-12) 8,688 ±448 15.7% ±0.7College or graduate school 22,980 ±947 41.6% ±1.5

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 111,790 ±1,132 111,790 (X)

Less than 9th grade 4,864 ±486 4.4% ±0.49th to 12th grade, no diploma 10,981 ±728 9.8% ±0.6High school graduate (includes equivalency) 32,647 ±1,121 29.2% ±1.0Some college, no degree 26,402 ±1,064 23.6% ±0.9Associate’s degree 7,322 ±657 6.5% ±0.6Bachelor’s degree 18,648 ±1,041 16.7% ±0.9Graduate or professional degree 10,926 ±745 9.8% ±0.7

Percent high school graduate or higher 85.8% ±1.7 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 26.5% ±1.1 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 137,781 ±1,394 137,781 (X)

Civilian veterans 14,010 ±743 10.2% ±0.5

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 175,445 ±1,557 175,445 (X)With a disability 21,367 ±875 12.2% ±0.5

Under 18 years 41,383 ±904 41,383 (X)With a disability 1,426 ±286 3.4% ±0.7

18 to 64 years 114,595 ±1,340 114,595 (X)With a disability 11,796 ±698 10.3% ±0.6

65 years and over 19,467 ±555 19,467 (X)With a disability 8,145 ±444 41.8% ±1.9

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 179,013 ±1,520 179,013 (X)

Same house 143,373 ±2,427 80.1% ±1.2Different house in the U.S. 34,155 ±2,161 19.1% ±1.2

Same county 18,948 ±1,700 10.6% ±0.9Different county 15,207 ±1,334 8.5% ±0.7Same state 6,721 ±792 3.8% ±0.4Different state 8,486 ±1,073 4.7% ±0.6

Abroad 1,485 ±418 0.8% ±0.2

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 181,461 ±1,493 181,461 (X)

Native 170,187 ±1,708 93.8% ±0.5Born in United States 167,766 ±3,076 92.5% ±1.5State of residence 110,255 ±2,276 60.8% ±1.2Different state 57,511 ±2,069 31.7% ±1.1

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

2,421 ±335 1.3% ±0.2

Foreign born 11,274 ±952 6.2% ±0.5

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 11,274 ±952 11,274 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 3,343 ±450 29.7% ±3.1Not a U.S. citizen 7,931 ±916 70.3% ±5.5

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 13,695 ±1,011 13,695 (X)

Native 2,421 ±369 2,421 (X)Entered 2010 or later 344 ±137 14.2% ±5.2Entered before 2010 2,077 ±343 85.8% ±5.4

Foreign born 11,274 ±952 11,274 (X)Entered 2010 or later 1,226 ±310 10.9% ±2.6Entered before 2010 10,048 ±1,017 89.1% ±5.0

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

11,274 ±952 11,274 (X)

Europe 1,281 ±268 11.4% ±2.2Asia 2,834 ±372 25.1% ±2.5Africa 557 ±206 4.9% ±1.8Oceania 162 ±90 1.4% ±0.8Latin America 5,921 ±811 52.5% ±5.7Northern America 519 ±294 4.6% ±2.6

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 168,444 ±1,381 168,444 (X)

English only 154,302 ±1,716 91.6% ±0.7Language other than English 14,142 ±1,014 8.4% ±0.6

Speak English less than ’very well’ 6,342 ±882 3.8% ±0.5Spanish 9,119 ±841 5.4% ±0.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 4,404 ±813 2.6% ±0.5

Other Indo-European languages 2,426 ±408 1.4% ±0.2Speak English less than ’very well’ 724 ±218 0.4% ±0.1

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 2,179 ±350 1.3% ±0.2Speak English less than ’very well’ 1,074 ±232 0.6% ±0.1

Other languages 418 ±178 0.2% ±0.1Speak English less than ’very well’ 140 ±124 0.1% ±0.1

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 181,461 ±1,493 181,461 (X)

American 7,049 ±898 3.9% ±0.5Arab 335 ±170 0.2% ±0.1Czech 269 ±117 0.1% ±0.1Danish 176 ±114 0.1% ±0.1Dutch 1,127 ±305 0.6% ±0.2English 8,740 ±762 4.8% ±0.4French (except Basque) 2,332 ±458 1.3% ±0.3French Canadian 382 ±117 0.2% ±0.1German 11,084 ±979 6.1% ±0.5Greek 547 ±176 0.3% ±0.1Hungarian 131 ±53 0.1% ±0.0Irish 13,149 ±1,221 7.2% ±0.7Italian 3,698 ±560 2.0% ±0.3Lithuanian 105 ±65 0.1% ±0.0Norwegian 472 ±158 0.3% ±0.1Polish 1,718 ±352 0.9% ±0.2Portuguese 199 ±96 0.1% ±0.1Russian 676 ±207 0.4% ±0.1Scotch-Irish 1,830 ±502 1.0% ±0.3Scottish 2,319 ±406 1.3% ±0.2Slovak 144 ±70 0.1% ±0.0Subsaharan African 2,986 ±827 1.6% ±0.5Swedish 606 ±199 0.3% ±0.1Swiss 242 ±87 0.1% ±0.0Ukranian 228 ±114 0.1% ±0.1Welsh 762 ±233 0.4% ±0.1West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 1,096 ±234 0.6% ±0.1

Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 144,074 ±1,360 144,074 (X)

In labor force 89,690 ±1,773 62.3% ±1.1Civilian labor force 87,567 ±1,758 60.8% ±1.1Employed 77,125 ±1,740 53.5% ±1.1Unemployed 10,442 ±816 7.2% ±0.6

Armed Forces 2,123 ±343 1.5% ±0.2Not in labor force 54,384 ±1,493 37.7% ±1.0

Civilian labor force 87,567 ±1,758 87,567 (X)Percent Unemployed 11.9% ±0.9 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 76,409 ±950 76,409 (X)In labor force 45,157 ±1,275 59.1% ±1.5

Civilian labor force 44,910 ±1,279 58.8% ±1.5Employed 40,035 ±1,291 52.4% ±1.6

Own children under 6 years 14,828 ±673 14,828 (X)All parents in family in labor force 9,338 ±1,048 63.0% ±6.5

Own children 6 to 17 years 24,215 ±824 24,215 (X)All parents in family in labor force 17,857 ±1,250 73.7% ±4.5

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COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 77,679 ±1,917 77,679 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 60,419 ±1,848 77.8% ±1.4Car, truck, or van – carpooled 7,733 ±813 10.0% ±1.0Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 2,645 ±338 3.4% ±0.4Walked 2,654 ±361 3.4% ±0.5Other means 1,869 ±288 2.4% ±0.4Worked at home 2,359 ±330 3.0% ±0.4

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 20.3 ±0.3 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 77,125 ±1,740 77,125 (X)

Management, business, science, arts occupations 23,771 ±1,113 30.8% ±1.3Service occupations 18,759 ±1,106 24.3% ±1.3Sales and office occupations 18,007 ±912 23.3% ±1.1Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

6,720 ±777 8.7% ±1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 9,868 ±686 12.8% ±0.8

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 77,125 ±1,740 77,125 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 175 ±103 0.2% ±0.1Construction 4,442 ±648 5.8% ±0.8Manufacturing 5,729 ±624 7.4% ±0.8Wholesale trade 1,380 ±257 1.8% ±0.3Retail trade 9,733 ±740 12.6% ±0.9Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 5,182 ±572 6.7% ±0.7Information 992 ±210 1.3% ±0.3Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 3,255 ±447 4.2% ±0.6Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

6,828 ±604 8.9% ±0.8

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 18,692 ±1,047 24.2% ±1.2Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

12,232 ±917 15.9% ±1.1

Other services, except public administration 3,328 ±428 4.3% ±0.5Public administration 5,157 ±541 6.7% ±0.7

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 77,125 ±1,740 77,125 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 60,236 ±1,698 78.1% ±1.3Government workers 12,955 ±893 16.8% ±1.1Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 3,803 ±398 4.9% ±0.5Unpaid family workers 131 ±85 0.2% ±0.1

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INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2012 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 66,049 ±975 66,049 (X)Less than $10,000 8,164 ±653 12.4% ±1.0$10,000 to $14,999 5,101 ±442 7.7% ±0.7$15,000 to $24,999 8,705 ±553 13.2% ±0.8$25,000 to $34,999 8,540 ±680 12.9% ±1.0$35,000 to $49,999 10,113 ±685 15.3% ±1.0$50,000 to $74,999 11,714 ±829 17.7% ±1.2$75,000 to $99,999 5,714 ±549 8.7% ±0.8$100,000 to $149,999 5,150 ±528 7.8% ±0.8$150,000 to $199,999 1,490 ±241 2.3% ±0.4$200,000 or more 1,358 ±272 2.1% ±0.4Median household income (dollars) 38,454 ±997 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 51,980 ±1,446 (X) (X)

With earnings 51,281 ±925 77.6% ±0.8Mean earnings (dollars) 53,092 ±1,618 (X) (X)

With Social Security 17,593 ±624 26.6% ±0.9Mean Social Security income (dollars) 15,713 ±144 (X) (X)

With retirement income 9,568 ±510 14.5% ±0.7Mean retirement income (dollars) 21,226 ±1,520 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 3,635 ±400 5.5% ±0.6Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) 8,933 ±710 (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 766 ±174 1.2% ±0.3Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) 3,403 ±536 (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 9,946 ±621 15.1% ±0.9

Families 37,917 ±968 37,917 (X)Less than $10,000 3,261 ±403 8.6% ±1.0$10,000 to $14,999 2,071 ±316 5.5% ±0.8$15,000 to $24,999 4,697 ±475 12.4% ±1.2$25,000 to $34,999 4,258 ±378 11.2% ±1.0$35,000 to $49,999 5,806 ±551 15.3% ±1.4$50,000 to $74,999 7,612 ±706 20.1% ±1.8$75,000 to $99,999 3,909 ±417 10.3% ±1.1$100,000 to $149,999 3,938 ±479 10.4% ±1.2$150,000 to $199,999 1,187 ±203 3.1% ±0.5$200,000 or more 1,178 ±253 3.1% ±0.7Median family income (dollars) 46,971 ±1,546 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 61,757 ±2,192 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 20,460 ±586 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 28,132 ±1,040 28,132 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 27,266 ±1,135 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 37,112 ±1,495 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 23,637 ±803 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

37,466 ±1,261 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

31,125 ±1,122 (X) (X)

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HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 175,445 ±1,557 175,445 (X)With health insurance coverage 137,498 ±2,306 78.4% ±1.1With private health insurance 100,263 ±2,311 57.1% ±1.2With public coverage 51,629 ±1,576 29.4% ±0.9No health insurance coverage 37,947 ±1,655 21.6% ±0.9

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 18years

41,383 ±904 41,383 (X)

No health insurance coverage 4,336 ±697 10.5% ±1.7

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 18 to 64 years 114,595 ±1,340 114,595 (X)In labor force: 83,708 ±2,100 83,708 (X)Employed: 73,847 ±1,942 73,847 (X)With health insurance coverage 53,702 ±1,812 72.7% ±1.5With private health insurance 51,477 ±1,808 69.7% ±1.6With public coverage 3,818 ±487 5.2% ±0.6No health insurance coverage 20,145 ±1,216 27.3% ±1.5

Unemployed: 9,861 ±799 9,861 (X)With health insurance coverage 4,382 ±542 44.4% ±4.2With private health insurance 3,165 ±524 32.1% ±4.6With public coverage 1,538 ±288 15.6% ±2.6No health insurance coverage 5,479 ±560 55.6% ±3.5

Not in labor force: 30,887 ±1,348 30,887 (X)With health insurance coverage 23,042 ±1,033 74.6% ±0.8With private health insurance 15,839 ±892 51.3% ±1.8With public coverage 8,809 ±765 28.5% ±2.1No health insurance coverage 7,845 ±754 25.4% ±2.2

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 19.4% ±1.4 (X) (X)With related children under 18 years 29.4% ±2.3 (X) (X)With related children under 5 years only 25.9% ±6.3 (X) (X)

Married couple families 6.6% ±1.2 (X) (X)With related children under 18 years 9.8% ±2.3 (X) (X)With related children under 5 years only 3.1% ±2.0 (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 38.9% ±3.1 (X) (X)With related children under 18 years 48.5% ±3.8 (X) (X)With related children under 5 years only 58.8% ±14.3 (X) (X)

All people 24.6% ±1.4 (X) (X)Under 18 years 36.1% ±1.7 (X) (X)

Related children under 18 years 35.9% ±2.5 (X) (X)Related children under 5 years 35.9% ±3.8 (X) (X)Related children 5 to 17 years 35.9% ±2.9 (X) (X)

18 years and over 21.0% ±0.9 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 22.5% ±1.0 (X) (X)65 years and over 11.9% ±1.4 (X) (X)

Related people in families 22.1% ±1.5 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 32.3% ±1.8 (X) (X)

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Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 77,121 ±766 77,121 (X)

Occupied housing units 66,049 ±975 85.6% ±0.9Vacant housing units 11,072 ±804 14.4% ±1.0

Homeowner vacancy rate 2.8 ±0.7 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 7.9 ±0.9 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 77,121 ±766 77,121 (X)

1-unit, detached 43,558 ±970 56.5% ±1.11-unit, attached 5,081 ±441 6.6% ±0.62 units 4,344 ±379 5.6% ±0.53 or 4 units 6,222 ±597 8.1% ±0.85 to 9 units 6,719 ±566 8.7% ±0.710 to 19 units 3,569 ±569 4.6% ±0.720 or more units 4,379 ±470 5.7% ±0.6Mobile home 3,169 ±517 4.1% ±0.7Boat, RV, van, etc. 80 ±73 0.1% ±0.1

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 77,121 ±766 77,121 (X)

Built 2010 or later 1,760 ±358 2.3% ±0.5Built 2000 to 2009 12,863 ±733 16.7% ±0.9Built 1990 to 1999 6,655 ±611 8.6% ±0.8Built 1980 to 1989 8,395 ±597 10.9% ±0.8Built 1970 to 1979 10,941 ±628 14.2% ±0.8Built 1960 to 1969 9,473 ±601 12.3% ±0.8Built 1950 to 1959 10,576 ±611 13.7% ±0.8Built 1940 to 1949 5,786 ±453 7.5% ±0.6Built 1939 or earlier 10,672 ±467 13.8% ±0.6

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 77,121 ±766 77,121 (X)

1 room 1,371 ±231 1.8% ±0.32 rooms 2,006 ±262 2.6% ±0.33 rooms 6,464 ±535 8.4% ±0.74 rooms 14,518 ±797 18.8% ±1.05 rooms 19,021 ±752 24.7% ±0.96 rooms 16,753 ±871 21.7% ±1.17 rooms 8,166 ±613 10.6% ±0.88 rooms 4,109 ±398 5.3% ±0.59 rooms or more 4,713 ±475 6.1% ±0.6Median rooms 5.2 ±0.2 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 77,121 ±766 77,121 (X)

No bedroom 1,440 ±233 1.9% ±0.31 bedroom 9,236 ±586 12.0% ±0.82 bedrooms 25,441 ±820 33.0% ±1.03 bedrooms 31,646 ±879 41.0% ±1.14 bedrooms 7,929 ±679 10.3% ±0.95 or more bedrooms 1,429 ±299 1.9% ±0.4

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HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 66,049 ±975 66,049 (X)

Owner-occupied 30,718 ±776 46.5% ±1.0Renter-occupied 35,331 ±938 53.5% ±1.2

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.66 ±0.05 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 2.52 ±0.03 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 66,049 ±975 66,049 (X)

Moved in 2010 or later 22,579 ±962 34.2% ±1.4Moved in 2000 to 2009 27,235 ±981 41.2% ±1.4Moved in 1990 to 1999 6,860 ±459 10.4% ±0.7Moved in 1980 to 1989 3,223 ±357 4.9% ±0.5Moved in 1970 to 1979 3,214 ±269 4.9% ±0.4Moved in 1969 or earlier 2,938 ±314 4.4% ±0.5

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 66,049 ±975 66,049 (X)

No vehicles available 7,650 ±483 11.6% ±0.71 vehicle available 28,964 ±1,025 43.9% ±1.42 vehicles available 21,461 ±950 32.5% ±1.43 or more vehicles available 7,974 ±656 12.1% ±1.0

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 66,049 ±975 66,049 (X)

Utility gas 17,680 ±778 26.8% ±1.1Bottled, tank, or LP gas 739 ±188 1.1% ±0.3Electricity 47,190 ±916 71.4% ±0.9Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 149 ±95 0.2% ±0.1Coal or coke 9 ±11 0.0% ±0.0Wood 117 ±75 0.2% ±0.1Solar energy 6 ±10 0.0% ±0.0Other fuel 14 ±13 0.0% ±0.0No fuel used 145 ±61 0.2% ±0.1

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 66,049 ±975 66,049 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 173 ±66 0.3% ±0.1Lacking complete kitchen facilities 541 ±136 0.8% ±0.2No telephone service available 1,704 ±322 2.6% ±0.5

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 66,049 ±975 66,049 (X)

1.00 or less 64,519 ±1,464 97.7% ±1.71.01 to 1.50 1,198 ±205 1.8% ±0.31.51 or more 332 ±144 0.5% ±0.2

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 30,718 ±776 30,718 (X)

Less than $50,000 2,401 ±326 7.8% ±1.0$50,000 to $99,999 6,722 ±555 21.9% ±1.7$100,000 to $149,999 6,883 ±502 22.4% ±1.5$150,000 to $199,999 7,135 ±597 23.2% ±1.9$200,000 to $299,999 3,959 ±484 12.9% ±1.5$300,000 to $499,999 2,244 ±295 7.3% ±0.9$500,000 to $999,999 1,071 ±197 3.5% ±0.6$1,000,000 or more 303 ±71 1.0% ±0.2Median (dollars) 144,300 ±5,095 (X) (X)

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MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 30,718 ±776 30,718 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 20,431 ±806 66.5% ±2.0Housing units without a mortgage 10,287 ±616 33.5% ±1.8

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 20,431 ±806 20,431 (X)

Less than $300 46 ±51 0.2% ±0.2$300 to $499 375 ±114 1.8% ±0.6$500 to $699 815 ±222 4.0% ±1.1$700 to $999 3,568 ±395 17.5% ±1.8$1,000 to $1,499 8,030 ±609 39.3% ±2.5$1,500 to $1,999 4,385 ±516 21.5% ±2.4$2,000 or more 3,212 ±429 15.7% ±2.0Median (dollars) 1,306 ±37 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 10,287 ±616 10,287 (X)Less than $100 121 ±73 1.2% ±0.7$100 to $199 702 ±160 6.8% ±1.5$200 to $299 1,738 ±274 16.9% ±2.5$300 to $399 2,553 ±287 24.8% ±2.4$400 or more 5,173 ±409 50.3% ±2.6Median (dollars) 402 ±14 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

20,191 ±1,043 20,191 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 5,886 ±519 29.2% ±2.120.0 to 24.9 percent 3,856 ±539 19.1% ±2.525.0 to 29.9 percent 2,377 ±320 11.8% ±1.530.0 to 34.9 percent 1,727 ±338 8.6% ±1.635.0 percent or more 6,345 ±558 31.4% ±2.2

Not computed 240 ±88 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

10,170 ±606 10,170 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 3,874 ±399 38.1% ±3.210.0 to 14.9 percent 1,934 ±251 19.0% ±2.215.0 to 19.9 percent 1,198 ±213 11.8% ±2.020.0 to 24.9 percent 932 ±160 9.2% ±1.525.0 to 29.9 percent 584 ±134 5.7% ±1.330.0 to 34.9 percent 282 ±90 2.8% ±0.935.0 percent or more 1,366 ±219 13.4% ±2.0

Not computed 117 ±53 (X) (X)

GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 33,853 ±889 33,853 (X)

Less than $200 659 ±179 1.9% ±0.5$200 to $299 898 ±171 2.7% ±0.5$300 to $499 1,883 ±255 5.6% ±0.7$500 to $749 6,243 ±575 18.4% ±1.6$750 to $999 11,921 ±773 35.2% ±2.1$1,000 to $1,499 10,077 ±712 29.8% ±2.0$1,500 or more 2,172 ±286 6.4% ±0.8Median (dollars) 897 ±15 (X) (X)

No rent paid 1,478 ±216 (X) (X)

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GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

32,465 ±1,239 32,465 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 3,086 ±417 9.5% ±1.215.0 to 19.9 percent 3,220 ±424 9.9% ±1.220.0 to 24.9 percent 3,464 ±427 10.7% ±1.325.0 to 29.9 percent 3,842 ±454 11.8% ±1.330.0 to 34.9 percent 3,019 ±333 9.3% ±1.035.0 percent or more 15,834 ±826 48.8% ±1.7

Not computed 2,866 ±299 (X) (X)

Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 181,461 ±1,493 181,461 (X)

Male 86,469 ±1,070 47.7% ±0.4Female 94,992 ±1,046 52.3% ±0.4

Under 5 years 13,017 ±566 7.2% ±0.35 to 9 years 10,824 ±588 6.0% ±0.310 to 14 years 11,221 ±654 6.2% ±0.415 to 19 years 14,601 ±470 8.0% ±0.320 to 24 years 20,008 ±981 11.0% ±0.525 to 34 years 31,146 ±856 17.2% ±0.435 to 44 years 21,053 ±932 11.6% ±0.545 to 54 years 21,307 ±595 11.7% ±0.355 to 59 years 9,495 ±530 5.2% ±0.360 to 64 years 8,464 ±522 4.7% ±0.365 to 74 years 10,954 ±609 6.0% ±0.375 to 84 years 6,110 ±436 3.4% ±0.285 years and over 3,261 ±329 1.8% ±0.2

Median age (years) 31.1 ±0.3 (X) (X)

18 years and over 139,904 ±2,069 77.1% ±0.921 years and over 126,582 ±1,965 69.8% ±0.962 years and over 25,351 ±896 14.0% ±0.565 years and over 20,325 ±818 11.2% ±0.4

18 years and over 139,904 ±2,069 139,904 (X)Male 65,606 ±1,396 46.9% ±0.7Female 74,298 ±1,527 53.1% ±0.8

65 years and over 20,325 ±818 20,325 (X)Male 8,302 ±495 40.8% ±1.8Female 12,023 ±651 59.2% ±2.1

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RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 181,461 ±1,493 181,461 (X)

One race 177,970 ±1,645 98.1% ±0.4Two or more races 3,491 ±752 1.9% ±0.4One race 177,970 ±1,645 98.1% ±0.4

White 75,094 ±1,556 41.4% ±0.8Black or African American 96,145 ±1,359 53.0% ±0.6American Indian and Alaska Native 319 ±113 0.2% ±0.1Cherokee tribal grouping 44 ±40 0.0% ±0.0Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±30 0.0% ±0.0Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±30 0.0% ±0.0Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±30 0.0% ±0.0

Asian 3,617 ±450 2.0% ±0.2Asian Indian 830 ±298 0.5% ±0.2Chinese 659 ±212 0.4% ±0.1Filipino 394 ±194 0.2% ±0.1Japanese 108 ±84 0.1% ±0.0Korean 310 ±114 0.2% ±0.1Vietnamese 758 ±302 0.4% ±0.2Other Asian 558 ±226 0.3% ±0.1

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 185 ±102 0.1% ±0.1Native Hawaiian 44 ±54 0.0% ±0.0Guamanian or Chamorro 14 ±18 0.0% ±0.0Samoan 9 ±18 0.0% ±0.0Other Pacific Islander 118 ±106 0.1% ±0.1

Some other race 2,610 ±887 1.4% ±0.5Two or more races 3,491 ±752 1.9% ±0.4

White and Black or African American 963 ±338 0.5% ±0.2White and American Indian and Alaska Native 366 ±147 0.2% ±0.1White and Asian 595 ±215 0.3% ±0.1Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

212 ±111 0.1% ±0.1

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 181,461 ±1,493 181,461 (X)

White 77,837 ±1,679 42.9% ±0.9Black or African American 98,113 ±1,316 54.1% ±0.6American Indian and Alaska Native 1,061 ±255 0.6% ±0.1Asian 4,632 ±640 2.6% ±0.4Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 452 ±202 0.2% ±0.1Some other race 3,237 ±889 1.8% ±0.5

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 181,461 ±1,493 181,461 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 11,087 ±806 6.1% ±0.4Mexican 5,638 ±803 3.1% ±0.4Puerto Rican 2,218 ±512 1.2% ±0.3Cuban 215 ±108 0.1% ±0.1Other Hispanic or Latino 3,016 ±817 1.7% ±0.5

Not Hispanic or Latino 170,374 ±1,657 93.9% ±0.5White alone 67,780 ±1,592 37.4% ±0.8Black or African American alone 95,663 ±1,336 52.7% ±0.6American Indian and Alaska Native alone 233 ±89 0.1% ±0.0Asian alone 3,587 ±437 2.0% ±0.2Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 185 ±102 0.1% ±0.1Some other race alone 180 ±115 0.1% ±0.1Two or more races 2,746 ±656 1.5% ±0.4Two races including Some other race 98 ±76 0.1% ±0.0Two races excluding Some other race, and 2,648 ±650 1.5% ±0.4Three or more races

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory, a Neighborhood Nexus Core Partner.

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Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This is one in a series of reports featuring demographic profiles for each district in both chambers of the GeorgiaGeneral Assembly. These profiles use data from the Census Bureau’s 2010-2014 American Community Survey5-year estimates and follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via theCensus Bureau’s American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau on a continuous,rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of the decennial census for the lastseveral decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) anda survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”short form” withbasic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”short form” plus manyother topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to a sample of households (variedby year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the name implies, the decennial census took placeonly once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of the country. But policymakers wanted to have moretimely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new ”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had itsnationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute. Thetwo differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshot for anyparticular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day (historicallyApril 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed. For example,ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while the decennial looked at theprevious calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of the decennial census: roughly 2.5%each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combined sample of only about 12.5%, considerablysmaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census; the implications of this smaller sample on themargin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, the pooling across years required to yield a decent-sizedsample for smaller areas creates complications for interpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one tosay, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the population in region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of theperiod 2005-2009, on average X% of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapidchange such the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpfulthan having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakersinterested in the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities(areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please refer to theCensus Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: WhatGeneral Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is not necessary:just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimate of a population maybe derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: its representativeness and itssize. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: a biased sample, however large, can

never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but before tasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll geta spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the pot as a whole. Randomly sampling the population has thesame effect as stirring the soup: you get a sample that is representative of the population from which it was drawn.But the spoonful of soup doesn’t have exactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true”amount, plus or minus some amount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”samplingerror.” The larger the sample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling errorof increasing the sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”point estimate”(our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level (which allowassessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500 milligrams of salt,plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidence level forces us to increasethe margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99% confident that our range containsthe true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reports a 90%confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. When looking at coun-ties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smaller cities and geographiessuch as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yielding a rather large confidence interval.When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tell whether the difference we observed is real oran artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technical term, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the margin of error forthe resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbers and proportions, wefollow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understandingand Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data Users Need to Know. To estimate the margin oferror for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages 16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracyof the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

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