this is a mr. lindberg production!!!! according to legend baby twins romulus and remus were cast...
TRANSCRIPT
THIS is a Mr. Lindberg Production!!!!
• According to legend baby twins Romulus and According to legend baby twins Romulus and Remus were cast into the wilderness to dieRemus were cast into the wilderness to die
• They were found by a wolf who took care of them They were found by a wolf who took care of them (made them wild)(made them wild)
• In 753 BC, they would lead a group of people to In 753 BC, they would lead a group of people to Rome Rome
• Fought over who should be kingFought over who should be king
• Romulus killed RemusRomulus killed Remus
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The First Romans• Primitive people that lived in mud huts Primitive people that lived in mud huts
along the Tiber Riveralong the Tiber River
• Farmers or shepherdsFarmers or shepherds
• Rome stayed this way until the Rome stayed this way until the Etruscans cameEtruscans came
• Ruled Rome from 616-509 BCRuled Rome from 616-509 BC
The Etruscans
• In 900 to 800 BC, Italy was settled by the Etruscans.
• Taught the Romans many things– Drain Swamps, put in sewers
– Love of Gladiatorial combat
– Created the first census (Count People)
Rome Kicks out the Etruscans
• Tarquin the Proud-Tarquin the Proud-– Etruscan King lived in luxury Etruscan King lived in luxury
while the Romans lived poorly while the Romans lived poorly
–Romans became fed up and Romans became fed up and would eventually overthrow him would eventually overthrow him and the Etruscans in 509 BC and the Etruscans in 509 BC
Roman RepublicRoman Republic• SPQR- ‘Senatus Populus Que SPQR- ‘Senatus Populus Que
Romanus’ - the Senate and the Romanus’ - the Senate and the People of RomePeople of Rome
• Rome become a society of laws Rome become a society of laws and elected officials who and elected officials who followed the will of the people. followed the will of the people.
• Citizens of Rome were organized INTO 2 CLASSES
• Patricians: the aristocrats of Rome; the upper class; born to a wealthy family
• Plebeians: The common class of workers, farmers, artisans, and merchants
Roman RepublicRoman Republic1.1. EXECUTIVE: EXECUTIVE: THE KING WAS REPLACED BY 2 COUNCILSTHE KING WAS REPLACED BY 2 COUNCILS
– Both councils had to agree for laws to passBoth councils had to agree for laws to pass
– From the Senate and were elected every year by the people. Could only be From the Senate and were elected every year by the people. Could only be elected once a decadeelected once a decade
2. 2. LEGISLATIVE:LEGISLATIVE:Roman Senate: Most powerful branch of Roman Gov’t. They Roman Senate: Most powerful branch of Roman Gov’t. They made the composed of 300 people from the upper class. (They made the composed of 300 people from the upper class. (They made the laws)made the laws)
• Members were not elected, served for lifeMembers were not elected, served for life
• They were chosen by the Councils. They were chosen by the Councils.
• Advised the Councils. Advised the Councils.
33. Judicial: . Judicial: ROMAN SYSTEM OF LAWS-12 TablesROMAN SYSTEM OF LAWS-12 Tables
Roman Legions- Pre MariusRoman Legions- Pre Marius• Roman army during the period of the late Roman army during the period of the late
Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. 1.1. Amateur army of citizens Amateur army of citizens • People only serve for part of the yearPeople only serve for part of the year
2.2. Well trained, disciplined and fedWell trained, disciplined and fed
3.3. Acquired new military knowledge from the Acquired new military knowledge from the people they conquered. people they conquered. 1.1. WeaponsWeapons
2.2. TacticsTactics
– Would soon conquer many of the people around Would soon conquer many of the people around them. them.
First Punic WarFirst Punic War• First Punic War- (264 to 241 BC)First Punic War- (264 to 241 BC)– Carthage was supposed to be a stronger countryCarthage was supposed to be a stronger country
– Rome created a navy to defeat CarthageRome created a navy to defeat Carthage
– For 23 years, the two powers fought each otherFor 23 years, the two powers fought each other
• Outcome of the First Punic WarOutcome of the First Punic War–Romans won the war Romans won the war – Carthage lost Sicily and SardiniaCarthage lost Sicily and Sardinia
– Forced Carthage to sign over all their moneyForced Carthage to sign over all their money
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Second Punic WarSecond Punic War• The Second Punic War lasted from 218 to 201 BC The Second Punic War lasted from 218 to 201 BC
• Referred to as “The War Against Hannibal”Referred to as “The War Against Hannibal”
– One of the Greatest military minds in HistoryOne of the Greatest military minds in History
• Hannibal crossed the Alps with 40,000 men and 37 Hannibal crossed the Alps with 40,000 men and 37 ElephantsElephants– For 17 years Hannibal defeated many Roman armies. For 17 years Hannibal defeated many Roman armies.
Romans worried Hannibal might invade Rome. Romans worried Hannibal might invade Rome.
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• ROMAN GENERAL SCIPIO ROMAN GENERAL SCIPIO INVADED CARTHAGE BY SEA.INVADED CARTHAGE BY SEA.
• Hannibal was eventually defeated Hannibal was eventually defeated by Scipioby Scipio–Hannibal committed suicide soon Hannibal committed suicide soon
after his defeatafter his defeat
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• 149BC Roman leaders decided to 149BC Roman leaders decided to destroy Carthagedestroy Carthage
• The 3The 3rdrd Punic was a one-sided affair Punic was a one-sided affair
• 146 B.C. Rome invaded and destroyed 146 B.C. Rome invaded and destroyed Carthage, burning it to the groundCarthage, burning it to the ground
• Killed 500,000 people…Carthage Killed 500,000 people…Carthage ceased to exist ceased to exist
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A Major ProblemA Major Problem• After the Punic Wars, Rome’s non- After the Punic Wars, Rome’s non-
professional army would not be enough for professional army would not be enough for RomeRome– Soldiers lost land when they were at warSoldiers lost land when they were at war
– Lost their jobs to slavesLost their jobs to slaves
– Became homelessBecame homeless
Marius’s reforms• Gaius Marius’s job was to professionalize Gaius Marius’s job was to professionalize
the military. the military. – 80 lbs of standardized equipment. 80 lbs of standardized equipment.
– Brought in even the poorest citizensBrought in even the poorest citizens
• Soldiers looked toward the general for pay, Soldiers looked toward the general for pay, and retirementand retirement– LOYALTY LOYALTY to to GENERALGENERAL 11stst , , country country 22ndnd . .
– Generals now had private armies. Generals now had private armies.
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar• Most famous Roman. (100-44B.C.) Most famous Roman. (100-44B.C.)
Extremely ambitiousExtremely ambitious–Only through victory on the battle field can Only through victory on the battle field can
someone be considered leadersomeone be considered leader
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar• Great General, waged war against Great General, waged war against
Gaul in (58-51 B.C.)Gaul in (58-51 B.C.)–Had 1 million Gaul’s killedHad 1 million Gaul’s killed
–Became Governor of GaulBecame Governor of Gaul
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar• 49 B.C. -Was ordered by the senate 49 B.C. -Was ordered by the senate
back to Rome, told not to bring back to Rome, told not to bring armyarmy–Worried he would be killed by Worried he would be killed by
Senators (Pompey)Senators (Pompey)
–Would rely on loyalty of his troops Would rely on loyalty of his troops
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar• Crossed the Rubicon with his Crossed the Rubicon with his
army, army, Point of no ReturnPoint of no Return. Engaged . Engaged in a Civil War in a Civil War
• Became victorious and would Became victorious and would become dictator of Rome become dictator of Rome
Julius Caesar• As a dictator he devoted himself to the As a dictator he devoted himself to the
poor of Rome. This made his popular.poor of Rome. This made his popular.1)1) Gave food to the poorGave food to the poor
2)2) Land for the soldiersLand for the soldiers
3)3) Changed the calendarChanged the calendar
4)4) Asked the people to make him dictator Asked the people to make him dictator for lifefor life
Julius Caesar• People of the Senate didn’t like this so on People of the Senate didn’t like this so on
March 15March 15thth 44 B.C. he was assassinated by 44 B.C. he was assassinated by the senate (Stabbed 35 times)the senate (Stabbed 35 times)
• The Roman Republic endsThe Roman Republic ends
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Civil Wars After Caesar Civil Wars After Caesar • After Caesar’s death, his After Caesar’s death, his
friend Mark Antony and his friend Mark Antony and his adopted nephew Octavian adopted nephew Octavian went after Caesar’s murders went after Caesar’s murders
Civil Wars after Caesar Civil Wars after Caesar
• After Caesars murders were After Caesars murders were defeated and killed tensions defeated and killed tensions grew between the 2 men grew between the 2 men –Mark Antony left his wife who Mark Antony left his wife who
was Octavian’s sister for was Octavian’s sister for Cleopatra of Egypt Cleopatra of Egypt
Civil Wars after Caesar Civil Wars after Caesar
• 31 B.C another war broke 31 B.C another war broke out between them, and out between them, and Octavian became the leader Octavian became the leader of Romeof Rome
• Octavian changes his name to Augustus. (The Revered One)
• Octavian becomes the 1st emperor of Rome.
• Augustus Caesar’s Accomplishments
–Reorganized the Roman Empire (1 man leads!!)
–Ruled with restraint
–Gave more grain to Rome’s poor.
–Build more aqueducts
–Created a fire and police service in Rome
AugustusAugustus
• 27 B.C. was given constitutional power for life.
• Ushered in a period in time called the Pax Romana
• PAX ROMANA
–Roman Peace. Lasted from 27 B.C. to 180 AD. (Height of the Roman Empire)
AugustusAugustus
AugustusAugustus
• The question that The question that haunted Augustus is haunted Augustus is who will lead when who will lead when he dies? he dies?
Nero comes to power• Nero grew up with an overbearing mother. –Mother was married to Emperor Claudius
–Wanted her son to become emperor.
• Historians believed that she poisoned her husband so her son could become emperor –Was 16 when he became emperor.
– Concerned more with art, theatre, chariot races
Nero’s interestsNero’s interests• Nero didn’t concern himself with politics. Nero didn’t concern himself with politics.
He was more into chariot races, music, art He was more into chariot races, music, art and drama and drama
• Nero won every chariot raceNero won every chariot race
• Most artisans were slaves, hurt the image of the Most artisans were slaves, hurt the image of the emperor.emperor.
• When his mother made fun of his interests When his mother made fun of his interests he had her killedhe had her killed
The Great Fire of RomeThe Great Fire of Rome• 64 A.D. A great fire swept through Rome, engulfing
about 1/3 of the city – ½ of the population was left homeless.
• In the ruins of the city, Nero built a new palace(Golden Place)– 60 acre palace
• Rumors said he started the fire (Had to blame somebody for the fire)– Blamed Christians
– Crucified them
– Fed them to lions
Death of Nero• In 68 A.D. Nero sentenced to death by the
senate
• He killed himself!!– (What an artist the world is losing!)
Roman Coliseum
Roman Coliseum• Originally the Flavian Amphitheatre is an Originally the Flavian Amphitheatre is an
arena in the center of the city of Rome.arena in the center of the city of Rome.
• Admittance was free (Romans loved going Admittance was free (Romans loved going to the coliseum)to the coliseum)– Showed gladiatorial combat (Fight to the death)Showed gladiatorial combat (Fight to the death)
– Executions, criminals eaten by wild animals.Executions, criminals eaten by wild animals.
– Reenactments of famous battles.Reenactments of famous battles.
– At one point there were 170 days of gamesAt one point there were 170 days of games
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Circus Maximus• 700 yard long oval stadium that could hold 700 yard long oval stadium that could hold
150,000 people 150,000 people
• Created for chariot racesCreated for chariot races– Chariots could be pulled by 2, 3, or 4 horsesChariots could be pulled by 2, 3, or 4 horses
– Crashes common, and charioteers could be Crashes common, and charioteers could be trampled to death by horses and other trampled to death by horses and other charioteerscharioteers
Circus MaximusCircus Maximus
Circus MaximusCircus Maximus
Roman Aqueducts• Large structures that used gravity to bring Large structures that used gravity to bring
fresh water from the mountains into the fresh water from the mountains into the citiescities
• Provide a continuous flow of water for Provide a continuous flow of water for Roman citizensRoman citizens– People in Rome had more water, than many People in Rome had more water, than many
places do now places do now
– Romans wouldn’t get this much water again Romans wouldn’t get this much water again until the 1950’suntil the 1950’s
Roman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts
Roman BathsRoman Baths
• Called Themae, not just a place to get clean Called Themae, not just a place to get clean but for social gatheringsbut for social gatherings– Rubbed themselves in olive oil mixed with dirt Rubbed themselves in olive oil mixed with dirt
– Scraped off with a blunt object called a stirgilScraped off with a blunt object called a stirgil
• Cold room, hot room and warm room Cold room, hot room and warm room – Rooms were heated by using steam that was Rooms were heated by using steam that was
channeled under the floorchanneled under the floor
Roman Baths
1.1. In the years after the Pax Romana, Rome In the years after the Pax Romana, Rome suffered through many Civil Wars suffered through many Civil Wars – Armies more loyal to general then to stateArmies more loyal to general then to state
– Generals used their army to become emperorGenerals used their army to become emperor
2.2. People paid more attention to events at the People paid more attention to events at the Coliseum than to their country Coliseum than to their country – 170 days of games170 days of games
3.3. Barbarians attacking on the outside of RomeBarbarians attacking on the outside of Rome– Roman gov’t had to raise taxes to keep Rome safeRoman gov’t had to raise taxes to keep Rome safe
Rome Starts to DeclineRome Starts to Decline
• 272 A.D. –337A.D.272 A.D. –337A.D.
• Known for having a Christian vision before a battle Known for having a Christian vision before a battle and then painting a cross on his soldiers shieldsand then painting a cross on his soldiers shields
• Best known as being the first Rome’s Christian Best known as being the first Rome’s Christian EmperorEmperor
• Issued the Edict of Milan Issued the Edict of Milan – Stopped the ban on ChristianityStopped the ban on Christianity
• Moved the Capital of the Roman Empire from Moved the Capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium (Constantinople)Rome to Byzantium (Constantinople)– Felt city of Rome was unimportantFelt city of Rome was unimportant
Fall of RomeFall of Rome• After Constantine the empire declined After Constantine the empire declined
rapidlyrapidly
• The empire was becoming too big to The empire was becoming too big to maintain maintain
• In 395 A.D. was permanently cut into 2In 395 A.D. was permanently cut into 2– Western HalfWestern Half
– Eastern HalfEastern Half
MAP OF DIVIDED EMPIREMAP OF DIVIDED EMPIRE
The Fall of RomeThe Fall of Rome• The immediate cause of the Fall of Rome The immediate cause of the Fall of Rome
was that Barbarians invaded Rome was that Barbarians invaded Rome
• Most of these Barbarians came from Most of these Barbarians came from Germany. Germany.
• The German Tribes were being pushed into The German Tribes were being pushed into Rome by a tribe of people called the Huns.Rome by a tribe of people called the Huns.
The Fall of RomeThe Fall of Rome
• ..
• Rome Fell in 476 A.D. The last emperor of Rome, Romulus Augustus was overthrown by a German General called Odovacar
• When we talk about the fall of Rome we talk about the fall of the Western Empire The Eastern Empire called the Byzantine Empire would go on until 1453 A.D.
Legacy Of Rome
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