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Dr Moana Eruera, Dr Leland A. Ruwhiu, supported by Hera Clarke & Trish Gledhill

Oranga Tamariki: Ministry for Children 2018

Mā te muka e tiaki ngā ritoMaori experiences of trauma and approaches to

wellbeing

Mareikura

In a tapu mareikura state, my body nurtured your growth for 9 months. A

cherised but daunting responsibility for the manifestation of your whakapapa

lines into the human form. The beating of your heart, the warmth of your little body

growing. We planned your arrival into the whānau with intention and purpose, reclaiming the old ways. A vision to provide your safe passage into this

modern world embraced by our Māori practices. Tihei mauri ora. The sacred

wonder of new life as you took your first breath. A physical transformation

connected to our Atua.

Te Tapu me te mana o tenei mokopuna.

Honouring mokopuna

WhatukuraA mokopuna blends into our home . . . What cultural understanding and practices graced his entry into this world of the living . . . Did love sing his lullaby? In what form did whakapapa caress and cup him to their hearts . . . How did circumstances surrounding his birth impact on mana acquired from his ancestors? . . . who hears him, listens to him , understands him and acts on the depth of his vulnerable voice? Did he feel his cultural tongue lay down a known world while in the womb? And who bears the burden of securing his sense of mana?

Te Mana me te Tapu o tenei mokopuna

Tangata WhenuaOranga

Ko te huarahi o te oranga ko te whakapono me te tumanako

The pathway to wellbeing is open and transparency in the detail of our subject

matter.

Te Tapu me te mana o tenei mokopuna.

Honouring mokopuna

TauiwiResilience

Families are the foundation for us all and they have more power than any other relationships to hurt or heal, to stress or strengthen indivduals

Te Mana me te Tapu o tenei mokopuna

Our koha to youtrauma with a Māori lens

• History Speaks• Oranga• Māna • Tāpu• Meeting at the border• Trauma with a Maori lens• Promoting resilience – a trauma informed

practice approach• A critical reflection

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HISTORICAL SPOKEN WORD

1870-1890

2000-2011 2012-2018

‘ORANGA’ Te ao māori concepts of ‘wellbeing

Spoke on Maori children being raised in whanau hapu and with all their loved ones around them

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VIDEO CLIP REMOVED UNCLE HENARE

Tapu Te tapu o te mokopuna affirms that mokopuna have personal tapu

Te tapu o te mokopuna is founded in the belief about the sacredness of humanity and underpins how we value and behave with mokopuna.

Te Tapu o te mokopuna provides a guide for safety practices and behaviours between people

Te tapu o te mokopuna challenges western notions of abuse, violation and healing.

Te tapu o te mokopuna demands an in-depth understanding of your cultural roots.

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Maori theoretical understandings of violence/trauma

Dynamics of Whanaungatanga (DOW)

“Abuse is a violation of ones tapu. It is a perpetration or an act ofviolence referred to in Maori as a ‘hara’ which subjects the victim to astate of ‘noa’ or tapu restriction. The concept of noa depicts a personbeing in the state or absence of mana, that is having no power toeffect change… abuse is a violation against the victim, the perpetratorand both of their whanau collectives. The effects of the violation andprolonged state of noa make them vulnerable to further abuse andviolent behaviour themselves. The prolonged state of noa is called‘whakama’… in this sense whakama refers to the symptoms ofprolonged unaddressed abuse (an externalisation of the victims hurtemotions and a subconscious plea for help to be cleansed from theviolation of their tapu. The manner in which to restore violations oftapu is held within the practice of ‘hohourongo’, hohou (to enter)rongo (peace).

Reference: Pa Henare Tate (2002)

ManaDefinitionActivity

Mana is defined as power, honour, prestige, authority, self-esteem, humility, level of influence & voice

Te mana o te mokopuna is the cultural adhesive that weaves generations and dimensions to each otherTe mana o te mokopuna prioritises Indigenous notions of growth, development & supportTe mana o te mokopuna can be measured to advance wellness, wellbeing & healingTe mana o te mokopuna demands an in-depth understanding of cultural wisdom & practiceTe mana o te mokopuna enhances cultural resilience and cultural responsibilityTe mana o te mokopuna challenge the significance of untapped potential

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Meeting at the borderBorderland cultural engagements

Where do you think you learn that you have a culture?Position 1, 2 or 3What does your cultural worldview comprise of?Describe any key overarching themes?What are the three dimensions common to all cultual worldviews? What can we use from the Maori world to critically examine the relationships between these three dimensions?Describe the relationship between these dimensions using that Maori lensWhat is the cultural adhesive that binds Maori worldviews together?Meeting at the border with Trish.

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Trauma with a Maori lensDefinition – Trampling of mana & violation of tapuActivity – The cultural adhesive of mana with the protective factors of tapuHealthy pukoreroUnhealthy pukorero

Mamae PouriRiriTukinoWhawhai

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Te Ao Maori practices in todays society

OrangaTapu o te tangata violationTrampling of manaConnection to whakapapa severedRestoration of violationProtect individual/collective wellbeingCollective responsibility for violation Separation Intergenerational impact of violation Kaitiakitanga – safety/protective factorsHohou te rongo – restoration of

WHAKAMANA TE TAMAITI

PRACTICE EMPOWERING TAMARIKI MĀORI

I will apply the principles of Mana Tamaiti, Whakapapa and Whānaungatanga to my practice, in order to ensure my practice is responsive to tamariki and whānau Māori.

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Whakapapa A guiding principle

Video Clip of the principle from Te Toka Tumoana on Whakapapa has been removed

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THE PRACTITIONER’S ROLEOUR TRAUMA INFORMED LENSTe Ao Māori Trauma in all forms Development Attachment Systems Resilience

ORANGA TAMARIKI PRACTITIONER SPECIALIST

• Access to other services

Goals for resilience Cultural resources

RESPOND REGULATE RESTORE

STRATEGIESPromoting ResilienceDesktop flipchart• Taonga• Social stories• Language

HEALING

Predictable RitualRhythmRepetition• Tikanga • Cultural activities• Waiata

TAMARIKIWHĀNAUWORKER

Cultural lenses TIKANGA WHAKAPAPAWHANAUNGATANGA

STABILITYSAFETY

CalmListenValidateAttune • Cultural protocols

RECOGNISEKNOW and SEE trauma

THE JOURNEY

REPAIRConnections

TIME

Tinana Hinengaro Wairua Whānau

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Mā te muka e tiaki ngā ritoA critical reflection

1. How do you understand cultural constructs of trauma to inform your work with mokopuna/tamarikiMaori?

2. Do you know any Maori ‘theories of change’ that advances mokopuna/tamariki Maori & their whanau‘states of wellbeing?

3. What do you need to do, know and be… to honor those mokopuna/tamariki Maori & their whanau you serve?

4. Do you know and have a working relationships with your local ‘mana whenua’?

5. What do you need to support working with Maori whanau?

6. What question might you have regarding resilience in Maori .

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At the Border

Korero -whakamutunga

Indigenous people - never be domicileAllies - be brave & courageous