this day in history april 6 th, 1889 - george eastman places kodak camera on sale for 1st time
TRANSCRIPT
This day in History
April 6th, 1889 - George Eastman places Kodak Camera on sale for 1st time
Chap 27
Civil rights movement
I. The early years
A. 13 Amendment
1. 1865, ends slavery
B. 14th Amendment1. 1868, Everyone born in US is a citizen.2. Due Process Clause/Equal Protection ClauseC. 15th Amendment1. 1870, right to vote for all men.
D. NAACP- , founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Dubois
1. Segregation across the country (2 types)
De jure (law) De facto (custom)
E. WWII Changes
1. A. Philip Randolph called for a March on Washington July 1, 1941.
1925, 1st Black labor union
2. Executive order 8802 ends segregation of Government employment. (March Cancelled)
3. CORE- 1942, Congress of Racial Equality. Change in peaceful confrontation, organizing sit-ins.
F. Court Decisions
1. 1883 Civil Rights Cases- said private citizens were free to discriminate
2. 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson allows “Separate but Equal” in public facilities.
3. 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Separate cannot be equal, and Provides legal ground for Civil Rights Movement.
4. NAACP, lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued the case. Become the first African American Supreme Court Justice in 1967.
II. Major turning point
A.Emmett Till’s death( Aug 25th, 1955)
1. No one found guilty of crime.
This day in History. April 9th, 1865 Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House.
Read more: This Day in History: April 9 http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory/April-
9#ixzz3WoJqdvm2
B. Montgomery Bus Boycott1. Dec, 1955 Rosa Parks, refuses to give up her seat
on bus. 2. Boycott lasts over a year.
C. Little Rock 91. 1957, Civil Rights Act (gives power to protect
voting rights)2. 1957, Governor of Arkansas,Orval Faubus, sent
National Guard to stop the children from entering schools.
3. Eisenhower sends federal troops (101st Airborne) to enforce school desegregation at Little Rock Central High School.
1997, Elizabeth Eckford and Hazel Massery 40 years reunion.
4. 1960, Ruby Bridges, 1st to attend grade school
D. “Sit-ins”
IV. Struggle continue
A. Freedom rides ( May 1961)
1. Riders boarded in Washington D.C.
2. Anniston, Al a white mob firebombed the bus.
B. Ole Miss Integrated (1962)1. James Meredith enrolls. (with NAACP President
Mississippi, Medgar Evers)
V. Government respondsa. Change and Violence (1963)1. President Kennedy promises Civil Rights Act.
2. June, 1963 Medgar Evers shot and killed.
b. MLK Jr.1. Aug 1963, “I Have a
Dream” speech in Washington. Over 250,000 attend.
2. Nov., 1963 Kennedy is killed in Texas.
c. Lyndon Johnson
1. June 1964, Civil Rights workers killed in Mississippi.
2. Passes, Civil Rights Act of 1964
3. 24th Amendment (1964) bans poll tax.
4. Voting Rights Act of 1965, eliminates literacy test to vote.
D. 1966
1. June 1966, James Meredith shot in Memphis
2. 1966 Texas Western (UTEP) wins NCAA National Title defeating Kentucky
VI. New Turn to ViolenceA. Malcolm X1. Idea of a Black Nation, and enemy was the white
man.
2. Feb. 1965 shot and killed in New York, by members of Nation of Islam.
Elijah Muhammad was leader Nation of Islam.
B. Race Riots1. Aug, 1965 Watts, Ca. one week after voting rights
act signed. Lasts 6 days kills 34 and over 1100 wounded.
C. 1968
1. April 4th , MLK Jr. shot and killed by James Earl Ray.
2. June, Bobby Kennedy killed in California. (shot by Sirhan Sirhan)
3. Black Panthers- Founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton, Want African Americans to lead the rebuilding of communities
5. 1968, “Black Power” Tommy Smith and Jon Carlos show support at Olympics in Mexico City.
e. Lynching of Michael Donald
1. 1981, Alabama found a African male not guilty of murder of a police officer.
2. 1983 Henry Hays, and James Knowles found guilty.
3. Henry Hayes was executed in 1997. First time a white man had been executed for a crime against an African American since 1913 in Alabama.