This course is built around RAW: Reading Assembly Writing We recognize things by their:

1. _______________________

2. _______________________

3. _______________________

4. _______________________

5. _______________________

To learn how to pronounce the letters of the Arabic alphabet, we need to know the parts of the face where they originate from:

Figure 1: All letters of the Arabic alphabet are pronounced from the first part of the throat to the

nasal cavity

Figure 2: This diagram shows the 3 parts of the tongue. Here, you can find the places of pronunciation for 10 letters.

The three parts of the tongue are: • The very tip of the tongue (labeled 1) • The second part of the tongue : A little more than double the tip (labeled 2) and • Either the left or right side located at the rear of the tongue (labeled 3).

Phonetics: ____________________________________________________

There are 29 letters in the Arabic alphabet:

ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر

ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف

ق ك ل م ن و ه ء ى

Notes:________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Each letter has two characteristics:

1. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The following 7 letters are always heavy: ق ص ض ط ظ غ خ

2. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

***If you understand the difference between heavy letters and light letters, their places of pronunciation become easier to use.

Notes: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Letter

The Trick

ا

ب

ت

ث

ج

ح

خ

د

ذ

ر

ز

س

ش

ص

ض

ط

ظ

ع

غ

ف

ق

ك

ل

م

ن

و

هههه

ء

ي

Notes: ________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Letters of the Throat:

3rd

Closest to your mouth

2nd

Middle

1st

Bottom; closest to the chest cavity

Letters of the Lips: *Keep in mind: If your lips are allowed to touch while pronouncing these letters, then, by definition, they cannot touch when pronouncing other letters. For example: it is common mistake for people to touch their lips when

saying ص ض ط

Behind the Uvula: ________ In Front of the Uvula: _________

Notes:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Parts of the Tongue:

Places of Pronunciation:

• 3rd part of the tongue between right or left molar without moving the

tip of the tongue: ض

• 2nd part of the tongue, behind the bottom teeth: ص (Be sure your

tongue is not bending.)

• 2nd part of the tongue, behind the top teeth: ط

• 2nd part of the tongue, at the edge of top teeth: ظ

• The top and bottom teeth together:ز

• The tip of the tongue, behind the top teeth: ت, د

• The tip of the tongue, at the edge of the top teeth: ذ, ث

• The tip of the tongue, behind the bottom teeth: س

• Close your back teeth: ش

Letters: The Building Blocks of Words

The purpose of knowing the letters is to be able to read words Therefore:

We need to know all the shapes that each letter can take Notes:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Homework: Complete the Chart (the first one has been done for you). Look for the distinctive features of each letter. Knowing the distinctive feature will help you identify it in when it comes up anywhere in the Quran.

End Middle Beginning The Letter

ا ا ا ا

الحمد باب عليما

Examples

ب

ت

ث

ج

ح

خ

د

ذ

ر

ز

س

ش

ص

ض

ط

ظ

ع

غ

ف

ق

ك

ل

م

ن

و

ه

ء

ى

Letters That Do Not Connect From the Left:

Notes: ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ACCENTS:

• Accents embellish and elongate the sounds of letters. • When discussing letters, we can refer to:

1. The sound they make 2. The complete sound: the sound the letter makes added to the

accent on it ie: The sound of the letter ر + an accent = a complete sound

• When discussing accents you will need to do one of two things: 1. Pronounce the sound a letter makes or 2. Take a complete sound and connect it to the next sound

Notes:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Basic Accents:

ا د ذ ر ز و ء

Each of the accents is stretched for one “count”, which is equivalent to a second. The Arabic term for this is حركة

ع ع ع ح

ه ه

ا ا ا ه

خ خ ق ق غ غ غ خ

ح ح

ش ش ش ج ج

ق ك ك ك ج

ل ل ل ن

ض ض ض

ى ى

ى

د ط ط ط د

ر ر

ر ن ن

س س

س

ص ص

ت ت ت ص

د

ز ز ظ ظ ظ ذ ذ ذ ث ز

ب ب

و و

ث ث ف ف ف و

م م

م ب

Double Accents:

When pronouncing these accents it is just like the basic three accents but with an N sound at the end.

م م ب ب ب وا و ما

ذى ثا ث ث

و فا ف ف

زا ز ز

ا ظ ظ

ظ

ذ ذ

صا ص ص ة ة سا س س

را ا ط ط

ط

دى د د

ة

ل ل

ل

ر ر نا ن ن

شا ش يا ى ى

ضا ض ض

قا ا ك ك

جا ج ج ك

ش

غا غ غ

خا خ خ

ق ق

ها ه حا ح ح عا ع ع

ه ء ء ء

Additional Practice:

ا ن ا ر ا م

ذ ا ذ ن ا خ

د د ا ح

ا ب

ش د ح

س ح

ع ل ج

ع ة ج

ر ر ل ب خ

ب

ة ب ق ر

ف ع ر

ر ل ق خ ل ق ذ ك خ

ى ش خ

قا ب ق ط

ب ا ط ط س فا و

ح ة ص

ر ف ر س

ر س

ب ن د ع

م ل ق ع

ل ع د ع

س ب ط وى ع

ئ ق ر

ر ق ت ل ق د

ة ل ق ت

ف ع ة ب غ

ك ف وا ر ف ك

ب س ب ك

د ك ت

ب م ك

ق س

د ج ة و

ر د ن خ

س ب م

ة ل ز دا ل م

ل ب

ة ه دى ز ه م

ب ه و ل و

ق ب ق و

س و

Notes: ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rule 1: The Basic Stretch All of the below will be stretched for 2 حركات (counts).

ا

A line on top followed by an ا

ي

A line on the bottom followed by a ي

و

A followed by a و

ى ا ت ا ت وى ى ت ا ب وى ا ب

ب

ىا ح وى

ا ح

ا ث ىى ح ث ا ث وى

ىى ا ر

ىو ا ر

ى ر ا خ ا خ وى خ

ا ط ىى ط ا ط وىىى ا ز

ىو ا ز

ز

ى ا ف ىى ف ا ف وى ا ظ ظ ا ظ وى

ا ي ىى وى ا ي

ىى ي ا ه ا ه وى ه

ى ا ج وى ا ج

ج

ى ا ى

ى ا و

ا

ىا ذ ى

ى ذ ا ذ و

ىا د ى

ىو ا د

د

ىا ش وى ا ش ى ش ا س وى

ا س

س

ىى ا ض وى ا ض ىى ض ا ص وى ا ص

ص

ىى ا غ ا غ وى ىى غ ا ع وى ا ع

ع

ا ك ىى ا ك وى ا ق ىى ك ق ا ق وى

ىى وى م ا م

ى م ا ل ل ل وى

ىى ا و

ىو ا و

ى و ا ن ن ا ن وى

Connect: You must connect the complete sound of the previous letter with the letter that has this symbol.

Connect & Hold: This accent means that you must connect and hold. It is the strongest accent: It forces cancellation of the accent that comes directly before it

Examples:

The ن will get cancelled in this case because the ‘connect & hold’ is stronger than the ‘connect’

1. Find the complete sound before the ‘connect & hold’

2. Connect it to the letter that has the ‘connect & hold’

3. Hold the sound of that connection

1. Take the complete sound of م with the line on the bottom

2. Connect it to the sound of the ’with the ‘connect & hold م

3. Hold that connection like pressing your fingers together

Additional Practice:

د د ق ع د

ل ص ص ح

ز ر ب

ظ ن ي

م ن ع

ب ذ ك

ر ق د

ة ة ق و

ن ة ذ ر ض ج

ح ي

ىت ب ذ ك

ىت م ق د

ىت ع س

ة ر ك

ىت ي س

ىت ر ف ج

ىت ر ج س

ىت ج و ز

ث د ت ح

ط ل ع ت

ىت ر ك و

ىط ل ت ع

ة ي ش ع

ة م ي ق

ه س ة ن ي

ن ي بىال

اك ل ا ي

ا ن ر ا ي ك ذ

م

ل ى ت و

ك ز د ى ت

ت ص

ل ت ج

ال اقا ف ع

س اجا غ ابا ث ج

و ت

ة م ر ك ة م

د د م اجا م ه

ابا و ك ذ

ت ط الن ش

ئ ب و

ا ت ر ء و

ا م الس ة و

ر ط ه م

ت ب ر د مىت ف ال

اب ق ت ف الس

ب ح الس ت و ع ز

الن و

ل ه ف م

نىي ر ف ك ىال ل

ت بى ئ ر

ا الس

ن ا د ىاط ا ه

ر الص

يى ق ت سى مى ال

خ ن س ىال ار ب

و جى ال

ن س ك ى ال

ل م ز مى ا ل

ر ث د مى ا ل

ر ك ذ ى ي

ك ز ي

ا ل نىي ا ل ا ن

ين ال o

ن وىل ي ع

o ل ي ع

o ال ا ف ع د ل م

ىي ر ي

نى ت م ث الن ف ر ش

Who is Stronger? Circle the stronger accent:

Connect OR Basic Stretch

Connect & Hold OR Connect

Connect & Hold OR Double Accents

Notes: _______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Head of ص: • This accent is found in all Uthmani script Mus-haf. • It is called the “Head of ص”. • It does however look like a fish head. • So, as a rule, you catch a fish then chop the head off. Therefore,

when you see this symbol on a letter, you do not pronounce it (you chop it out), which means that you cancel the letter.

Stretching vs. Holding:

Here you are stretching the sound of the ج, like counting seconds with your fingers.

Here you are holding the sound of the ا and the ن together, like pressing your fingers together.

Stretch the ج – count for 3 seconds on your fingers for the complete sound

Without breaking your breath, hold the sound between the ج and press your fingers together to – نhold the sound

The Rules of Elongation:

• The rules of elongation help students understand how long to stretch a complete sound. Moreover, it also discusses how much not to stretch.

• As explained earlier, most accents are stretched for one count. ***It is just as important not to stretch as it is to do so when necessary.

The Canadian Rule: Whenever there’s a followed by a ي with - it

will sound like the letter A

Around the World: Whenever there’s a followed by a و with the

sound goes around the world – it will sound similar to an O

ى ذ ى

ى ذ و

ىى دىو ى ث وى ث ىى د وى ت ت

ىوى ش ى ش

وى س

سىى زىو زىى رىو ر

ىى ط وى ط ىى ظ وى ظ ىى وى ض ىى ض وى ص

ص

ى وى ب

بى ا ى

ىى ا و ى ن وى ن ل وى ل

ىى وى ع

ى ع وى خ خ

ى وى ح

ى ح

وى ج

ج

ىى وى ك ق ىى ك ى ق وى ف وى ف

ىى وى غ غ

ىى وى ي

ىى ي وى ه ه

ىى وىو ىى و

وى م

م

Other Types of : All the signs of elongation fit in one of two categories. They run from: 1. East to West or 2. North to South North to South:

• The following signs of elongation all point north to south: • These are all recited for 2 counts.

Two

حركا

ت

Two

حركا

ت

One

حركا

ت

ق ق ق ا

Two

حركا

ت

Two

حركا

ت

One

حركا

ت

ا ز ز

ز

Two

حركا

ت

Two

حركا

ت

One

حركا

ت

أ ا ا

ا ك ك ك

ل ل ل

ا م م

م

ن ن ا ن

ا و و

و

ا ه ه ه

ا ء ء

ء

ا ي ي

ي

ا س س

س

ا ش ش ش

ا ص ص

ص

ا ض ض ض

ط ا ط ط

ظ ا ظ ظ

ا ع ع ع

ا غ غ غ

ف ف ف ا

ا ب ب

ب

ت ت ت ا

ث ث ث ا

ا ج ج

ج

ا ح ح

ح

ا خ خ خ

ا د د

د

ذ ذ ذ ا

ا ر ر

ر

Two

Harakah Two

Harakah One

Harakah

ىق ق ىى ق

ىك ك ىى ك

ى ىل ل ل

ىى ىم م م

ى ىن ن ن

ىى ىو و و

ىى ىه ه ه

ىىء ء ى ء

ي ي ي ىى

Two

Harakah Two

Harakah One

Harakah

ىى ىز ز ز

ى ىس س س

ىىش ش ش

ىى ىص ص ص

ىى ىض ض ض

ىط ط ىى ط

ىظ ظ ىى ظ

ىى ىع ع ع

ىى ىغ غ غ

ى ىف ف ف

Two

Harakah Two

Harakah One

Harakah

ى إ ا ىىى ىإ ى ا إ ا

ى ىب ب ب

ى ىت ت ت

ىث ث ىى ث

ى ىج ج ج

ىىح ح ح

ى ىخ خ خ

ىىد د ى د

ىىذ ذ ى ذ

ىى ىر ر ر

Two

Haraka

h

Two

Haraka

h

One

Haraka

h

ا وق ق وى ق

ا وك ك وى ك

ا ول ل وى ل

ا وى م

وم

م

ا ن وى ون

ن

اىو و

وو

و

ا وى ه وه

ه

اىو ء

وء

ء

ا وى ي

وي

ي

Two

Haraka

h

Two

Haraka

h

One

Haraka

h

اىو وز ز ز

ا وى س

وس

س

ا وى وش ش ش

ا وى ص

وص

ص

ا وى ض وض

ض

ا وط ط وى ط

ا وظ ظ وى ظ

ا وى وع ع ع

ا وغ غ وى غ

ا وف ف وى ف

Two

Harakah Two

Harakah One

Harakah

ى أ ا وىو وا أ ا

ا وى ب

وب

ب

ا وت ت وى ت

ا وث ث وى ث

ا وى ج

وج

ج

ا وى ح

وح

ح

ا وخ خ وى خ

اىو د

ود

د

اىوذ ذ و ذ

اىو ر

ور

ر

Notes: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

East to West:

The following signs run from east to west.

They are all recited for 3-5 counts

ك وى ج ا ك ح ج

ا ب ة ح

ا د

ل ا ض

ل و

ن وى ض

ت ح ى ن

وى ج ا ل ا ت ح

و

ىل يا الض

ن ل وىا ل ض

ت ءا ة ج خ

ا الص ت

ف الص و

ت ف ا ذ ا ءا ة ج م

اط ا

ى ىب ك

ى ال

How do you know if it should be stretched for 3, 4, or 5?

• An east to west on any letter will be stretched for 3 counts:

• An east to west followed by a ء will be stretched for 4 counts:

• An east to west on a miracle letter will be stretched for 6 counts:

• Any sign that looks like this: you have the liberty to stretch anywhere between 3-5 counts. Notes: ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is a Miracle Letter?

• Letters of which only Allah (SWT) knows the meaning • They come only at the beginning of a سورة (surah) • The Rule:

Hold the stretch for at least 5 حركات

Mixed Review:

ه ىب نىف ا ي

ل ىة ا ي

ي ن ى ا و

ا ن م ا

و ود د

ى ي ف خ

وى ع خ وى ج ءىىا ج

ءا ج

ء ط غ ى ى ل ك ش م آء وى ش ض

ل ك ر ذ

ه ف يى

ى ي ع

ل اد ع

ا عىوى ط ي غ ط

ح ف ل وىيى يىدا ك ك

ان ك

ل ق ال ق وى

م وى ي

لىي ء و

ا ن ارا م

ال م

سى ل ي

د اب د ع اه اف ق ش

د اف ظ د ح اس

ح

ه ر وي

د ذ ا ك يى

وى ال ا ع

ر و ق ن اص اس غ

ا ئلاع

اتا ب ابا س

س ابا ح

ال ت ر ق

ي اه د اف ي خ

ي

ام ع ابا ط

و ابا ص

ر اد ش د ل م ش

س

اسا اما ل ب

ابا ك ر

ء ك ت

ث ا ء غ

ط ا اب ع ذ

ع

ازا ف اشا م

ع ط اع م

اعا م ت با م

ا انا م

ل س

د وى ه ل ش

وى س را ر وى

ف اقا ث ب اتا و

دا ن ب ه م

ى بي ا خ

ىي ص ب

ا ل يىيى ه ا ث وى

ج و د وى ق ع

يىد ج م

يى ر با ك ىي ق ر

يى ظ ع

يىد ه ق ش

يى ح ر

ش ىي دا ق ر

ىي و ا ر

ىي ما يس

ت يى ي

يى ن ع يىط ح م

ة ع وى ض

وى ذ م ئ

م وى ي ه نىي از و وم ء وى ة وم

د ة ش ىي ع

ا مى ا ل يىن

اب ا ي

ا ا ن ا

ط يىنىا ع ة ئ ك

ل مىء ا ل

ا ز ج

نى ف م

ىل مى عي اتا ق

يى م م وىي ا

ر ش

ه ر وي ا

ىي خ

ه روي

نى ب ك م ر ذ ئ

م وى ي

د رى ص ي

الن اس

فا ح ة ص

ر م ط ه

ل وى س ر

ن ال م

ا و نىل زىا ن o اجا ه اجاو

ر ا س ف ص

ن وى ل م ك ت ل ي

o و ن وىب ال ت ح

مىا ال

ب ا ح

ج o لا

ىا ا ك ل م

ب ذ ق ل وى ئ م وى ي

ة ف اج ا و ه

ار صىا ب د

تىع م

يى ا ث لىا ذ ات ت

نى د م ىع ب نى

ل م خ

ب o ءث ا ى غ و

ىا ح

o ى ق نى ت سى م ىي ة ع

ي ن ا o ة

ي ام ن ارا ح

ب مى ىن ذ عا ب ف

سى ة ل ن

ي الن اص ب نى م

ىي ب ب

ىل الص

ى ا ه

ف يى o ىى د ىا ي ة ب

ر ف ام س

ة ك ر

ر ر ب o ة

ر ط ه م

مى ا ن ب مى ر ب o مى مى ل ك ك

نى د ي

ل ن و

ىد ي

ه ا لل

م م

نىو ءا ا ي ش م

ىة ل ه

ار ج ب ح مى يى م رى ت

One Last Glance at the Steps to Read the Book of Allah:

1. Letter 2. Sound 3. Heavy vs. Light 4. Accent 5. How long it stretches 6. What cancels 7. Connect 8. Connect & Hold