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Nanoparticle (NP)-Based DeliveryVehicles

Nanoparticle (NP)-Based DeliveryVehicles

Navid RabieeDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Division of Chemistry, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, IranDivision of Diseases, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, Iran

Mahsa KianiDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Mojtaba BagherzadehDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Mohammad RabieeBiomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering,

Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Sepideh AhmadiDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine,

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical

Sciences, Tehran, IranDivision of Diseases, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, Iran

Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Copyright ª 2019 Morgan & Claypool Publishers

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ISBN 978-1-64327-452-2 (ebook)ISBN 978-1-64327-449-2 (print)ISBN 978-1-64327-449-2 (mobi)

DOI 10.1088/2053-2571/ab01f6

Version: 20190301

IOP Concise PhysicsISSN 2053-2571 (online)ISSN 2054-7307 (print)

A Morgan & Claypool publication as part of IOP Concise PhysicsPublished by Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 1210 Fifth Avenue, Suite 250, San Rafael, CA,94901, USA

IOP Publishing, Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6HG, UK

Mohammad dedicates this book to his wife;and Navid dedicates this book to his mom.

Contents

Preface viii

Acknowledgements ix

Author biographies x

1 An introduction to drug/gene delivery systems 1-1

References 1-3

2 Smart nanostructures 2-1

2.1 Controlled gene delivery systems: the concept 2-2

References 2-2

3 Aptamer-based nanostructures 3-1

3.1 Aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles 3-3

References 3-4

4 Protein-based nanostructures I 4-1

4.1 Gelatin 4-1

4.1.1 Gelatin synthesis approaches 4-1

4.1.2 Gelatin-based nanocarriers 4-3

References 4-8

5 Protein-based nanostructures II 5-1

5.1 Elastin 5-1

5.1.1 Elastin synthesis approaches 5-2

5.1.2 Elastin based nanocarriers 5-4

References 5-7

6 Protein-based nanostructures III 6-1

6.1 Silk synthesis approaches 6-2

6.2 Silk-based nanocarriers 6-2

References 6-5

7 Smart drug/gene delivery systems: toward the future 7-1

References 7-5

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Preface

In the last decade there has been considerable work carried out on stimulus-responsive nanostructures, which have come to make a significant impact in thedevelopment of drug/gene delivery systems. Different nanostructures based on theirhydrophilic nature of the functions is due to the presence of numerous polar groupssuch as –OH, -COOH, -CONH2 and -SO3H distributed along the polymer chain,nanoparticle structure or surface of the grafted. They are used as nanocarriers indrug delivery, are materials with viscoelastic properties and with hydrophilicpolymeric networks within the sub-micron size range. They can be formed bycovalent bonds between polymer chains, nanoparticle structure or graft or by non-covalent interactions, and they tend to absorb water when exposed to an aqueousmedium. The internal structure of most nanoparticles is similar to that of hydrogelsand polyelectrolyte microgels, which are only different in size and type of reactionrequired to produce them. In this book, we have described different types ofnanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles in Drug/Gene Delivery systems. These descrip-tions are based on Rabiee’s Theory, which has been mentioned and explained in ourprevious book Introduction to Nanomaterials in Medicine by Rabiee et al.

viii

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to all who helped them. Second, theauthors would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to their beloved families for alltheir love and encouragement through the years and also to complete this book;their parents who raised them with a love for science and a conscience; and also theirwives.

Finally, it is our pleasure to acknowledge the guidance and contribution of theProduction team at Morgan & Claypool and IOP Publishing, for their expert help.

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Author biographies

Navid Rabiee

Navid Rabiee graduated with an MSc degree in inorganic chemistryfrom Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, in 2018. During hisMSc research, he worked on porphyrin-based biosensors and theapplication of porphyrins and cobalt complexes on dye sensitizedsolar cells (DSSC), under the supervision of Professor Nasser Safari.At the same time, he also focused on drug delivery systems basedon biocompatible and biodegradable polymers associated withdifferent types of sensitizers, in particular porphyrins, under the

supervision of Professor Mohammad Rabiee at Amirkabir University ofTechnology, Tehran. In 2017, he joined the Advances Nanobiotechnology andNanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG) to collaborate with Professor MahdiKarimi’s research laboratory at the Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, inassociation with Professor Michael R Hamblin from Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA, USA, working on smart microcarriers/nanocarriers applied intherapeutic agent delivery systems employed for the diagnosis and therapy ofvarious diseases and disorders, such as different cancers and malignancies,inflammations, infections, etc. Currently, he is a PhD candidate at the SharifUniversity of Technology under the supervision of Professor Mojtaba Bagherzadehand is working on smart drug/gene delivery systems. His work has resulted in thepublication of over 30 ISI articles, three books and four conference papers.

Mahsa Kiani

Mahsa Kiani graduated with an MSc degree in inorganic chemistryfrom Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, in 2015.During her MSc research, she worked on new Pd(II) and Pt(II)complexes of carboxamide ligands derived from aminoquinoline,performing synthesis, characterization, x-ray crystal structure,electrochemical and antibacterial studies under the supervision ofProfessor Mehdi Amirnasr. At the same time, she also focused on

water splitting, under the supervision of Dr Soraya Meghdadi at Isfahan Universityof Technology. In 2019, she joined ANNRG to collaborate with Professor MahdiKarimi’s research laboratory at the Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran,working on smart microcarriers/nanocarriers applied in therapeutic agent deliverysystems and employed for the diagnosis and therapy of various disease anddisorders, such as different cancers and malignancies, inflammations, infections, etc.Currently, she is a PhD candidate at Sharif University of Technology under thesupervision of Professor Mojtaba Bagherzadeh and is working on smart drug/genedelivery systems. Her work has resulted in the publication of two articles.

x

Dr Mohammad Rabiee

Mohammad Rabiee, PhD, is an associate professor at theBiomedical Engineering Department of Amirkabir University ofTechnology, Tehran, Iran. His current research interests includesmart drug delivery systems, tissue engineering and biologicalsensors. He has published over 100 ISI papers and over 70international conference papers. In addition, he has been teachingand conducting research for 26 years at the Amirkabir University ofTechnology, Tehran.

Dr Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, PhD, is a professor at the Department ofChemistry of Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Hiscurrent research interests include inorganic chemistry, inorganiccatalysis and bio-inorganic chemistry. He has published over 100ISI papers, with an H-index of 29.

Sepideh Ahmadi

Spideh Ahmadi received her BSc degree in biology from LorestanUniversity in 2011. In 2014, she received her MSc in MolecularGenetic from Zabol University, Zabol, Iran. During her MScresearch, she worked on specific detection of Klebsiella pneumoniaeby gold nanoparticles probe. Currently, she is working at ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences as a PhD candidate in thefield of Molecular Medicine. Her current research interests include

the design of nanoparticles in drug/gene delivery and gene manipulation. In 2018,she joined the Advanced Technologies Research Group to collaborate with NavidRabiee and Professor Mohammad Rabiee, working on smart nanostructures appliedin therapeutic agent delivery systems employed for the diagnosis and therapy ofvarious diseases.

Nanoparticle (NP)-Based Delivery Vehicles

xi