third lecture of sic

SKBE1023 Structures in Context 10/3/2014

(c) 2014 Dr. Khazriyati Salehuddin 1

SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS

Dr. Khazriyati Salehuddin

Keywords: Sentence; Subject; Complements; Linking Verbs; Copula

(c) 2014 Dr. Khazriyati Salehuddin 1 (c) 2014 Dr. Khazriyati Salehuddin 2

An English Sentence

Contains

• 1 independent clause.• = main clause / principal clause

• can stand on its own;

• does not depend on another clause.

Ali is a boy. 1 clause 1 sentence

Ali is a boy and Ila is a girl. 2 clauses 1 sentence


A Clause

• Contains subject & predicate

• (Malmkjaer 2000:480)

• A clause forms a sentence or part of a sentence

Ali is a boy. 1 clause 1 sentence

Ali is a boy and Ila is a girl. 2 clauses 1 sentence

Subject?

• Obligatory component in a sentence

• Sentence SUBJECT PREDICATE

• Malaysians are rich.

• The hardworking Malaysians are rich.

• The hardworking Malaysians in Saudi are rich.

• The hardworking Malaysians who work with the oil and gas company in Saudi are rich.


• Precedes Main Verb• Determines agreement

• Always a Noun Phrase• = Pronoun

Complement?

• Something that completes.

• “=”

• Subject complements?

• Malaysians = rich

• The hardworking Malaysians = rich

• The hardworking Malaysians in Saudi = rich

• The hardworking Malaysians who work with the oil and gas company in Saudi = rich


Forms of SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS

Ali is a boy.

Ali is hardworking.

Ali is in the mall.

Ali = a boy

Ali = hardworking

Ali = in the mall

NP

AdjP

PrepP

Ali is running in the mall. ?Ali greets a boy. ?




Determining Factor

Verbs

• Copula BE

am, is, are, was, were

• Linking verb

get, stay, keep, remain, run, lie, go, turned, seems, feels, appears, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, turn, become


I am a Malaysian. He is Ali. They are here. Ali was at home. They were happy. Ali will be there.

Be careful of “pseudo‐copula BE”

1. Ali is going to school.

2. Ali is taught by his mother.

• (1) Main Verb = go (progressive form)

• (2) Main Verb = teach (passive form)


Determining Factor

Ali is rich.

Ali gets excited.

Ali stays / remain cool.

Ali ran amuck.

Ali went missing.

Ali turned green.

Ali seems/appears/looks disturbed.

The food smells/sounds/tastes good.

Ali grows/becomes angry.


LINKING VERBS

In Questions?

Is Ali rich?

Who gets excited?

Who stays / remain cool?

Who ran amuck?

Who went missing?

Who turned green?

Who seems/appears/looks disturbed?

What smells/sounds/tastes good?

Who grows/becomes angry?


LINKING VERBS

Be careful of “pseudo‐linking”

Ali is rich.

Ali gets excited.

Ali stays / remain cool.

Ali ran amuck.

Ali went missing.

Ali turned green.

Ali seems/appears/looks disturbed.

The food smells/sounds/tastes good.

Ali grows/becomes angry.

Ali gets a bicycle for his birthday.

Ali grows a plant.

Ali turned the bag into a dress.

Ali smells the food.


Ali ran quickly.

Ali is having a party.Ali looks at the pen.

Watch Out!

• Ali turned the table green.• Who / what is green?• Table = Green• Table = Object • Green = Object Complement

• Ali turned green.• Ali = Green• Green = Subject Complement




Tutorial

• Prior to tutorial, look for

• Authentic examples with subject complements (complete sentence)

• Share it with your tutorial mates.

• Indicate the source.

• Explain it.

(c) 2014 Dr. Khazriyati Salehuddin 13 (c) 2014 Dr. Khazriyati Salehuddin 14

AdjP

Copula

adjintensifier

finger lickin’ good

SUBJ PRED

Be

is

Function:Subject Complement

Form:Adjective Phrase


I’m on the top of the worldLookin’ down on creation and the only explanation I

can find

Copula

SUBJ PRED

Be

am

I’m on the top of the world

PrepP

NPPrep

on det

the

N

top

PrepP

of the world

Function:Subject Complement

Form:Prepositional Phrase


Begin your search for subject complements (NOT you as the subject of compliments) NOW!


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