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5th Grade Integrated Early American History SS050405Unit 4: Life in Colonial America Lesson 5

Graphic Organizer

Michigan Citizenship Collaborative Curriculum of 16 www.micitizenshipcurriculum.org December 8, 2011

Effect

African ideas and traditions

were brought to the colonies.

Effect

The colonies grew and

prospered.

Effect

African cultures,

villages and families were

negatively affected.

Cause

Triangular trade routes were established.

Cause

Goods like rum were available to

trade.

Cause

Workers were needed in the

English colonies.

Enslaved Africans were taken across the Middle

Passage.

http://www.micitizenshipcurriculum.org/


Big Ideas Card

Big Ideas of Lesson 5, Unit 4

Using multiple sources can help us better understand the terrible conditions of the Middle Passage and slavery.

Enslaved Africans were forced into ships and across the Middle Passage to the Americas.

The Middle Passage was a part of the triangular trade routes during colonial times.

Conditions aboard the slave ships were horrible. Many Africans died on the voyage.

People like merchants, plantation owners and shipping companies benefited from the slave trade but there were terrible costs for African cultures and Africans.




Word Cards

Word Cards from previous lessons needed for this lesson:

Perspective – Word Card #5 from Lesson 1

12slavery

a system that forced people to work and treated enslaved people as property

Example: Africans were forced into slavery in Spanish Colonies in the New World.

(SS050405)

13Triangular Trade

trade patterns connecting the Colonies, Europe, Africa and the West Indies

Example: Triangular trade patterns were used to bring enslaved Africans to the Americas.

(SS050405)

14Middle Passage

the route used to take enslaved Africans across the Atlantic from Africa to the Americas.

Example: The Middle Passage was a horrible experience for enslaved Africans.

(SS050405)




Artifact

Lock. 30 January 2011. http://www.lorenzopace.com/index.htm



http://www.lorenzopace.com/index.htm


Text Source

"At last, when the ship we were in, had got in all her cargo, they made ready with many fearful noises, and we were all put under deck, so that we could not see how they managed the vessel. But this disappointment was the least of my sorrow. The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time, and some of us had been permitted to stay on the deck for the fresh air; but now that the whole ship's cargo were confined together, it became absolutely pestilential. The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. ..This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, now became insupportable... The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror, almost inconceivable.

Happily perhaps, for myself, I was soon reduced so low here that it was thought necessary to keep me almost always on deck; and from my extreme youth I was not put in fetters. In this situation I expected every hour to share the fate of my companions, some of whom were almost daily brought upon deck at the point of death, which I began to hope would soon put an end to my miseries. Often did I think many of the inhabitants of the deep much more happy than myself. I envied them the freedom they enjoyed, and as often wished I could change my condition for theirs. Every circumstances I met with, and heightened my apprehensions, and my opinion of the cruelty of the whites.”

Source: Account of the Middle Passage. <http://www.virtualjamestown.org/mpassage.html>.



http://www.virtualjamestown.org/mpassage.html


Analyzing the Text Source

Who ?

What was being

described?

Describe some of his thoughts.

Describe some of his

feelings.

Describe his perspective, or point of

view.




Analyzing the Text Source Sample Completed Chart

Who ? A young African who has been forced onto a slave ship

What was being

described?The first part of the trip across the ocean and what conditions were like on the ship.

Describe some of his thoughts.

He was thinking that it would be better to die than to live in these conditions.

He was thinking about how cruel whites were.

Describe some of his

feelings.

He felt the conditions were almost unbearable.

He felt it would be better to die.

He felt miserable, suffocated.

He felt happy that he was so sick that he was kept on deck and did not have chains because he was young.

Describe his perspective, or point of

view

He was looking at slavery from the point of view of an enslaved person who had been forced onto the ship.




Triangular Trade


NewEngland

WestAfrica

WestIndies



Triangular Trade – Teacher Reference Sheet


NewEngland

WestAfrica

WestIndies

RumGunsClothTools

EnslavedAfricans

LumberFishFlour

SugarMolasses



Primary Source #1




Primary Source #2




Primary Source #3




Transcriptions

Newport, November 8th, 1755Captn. Caleb Godfrey—

The Sloop Hare of which you are Master being loaded and ready to sail, Our Orders are that you improve the first favorable Wind and Weather and proceed directly to the Coast of Africa, where being arrived you are at Liberty to trade at Liberty to trade at such Places as you think most for our Interest.... Don’t purchase any small or old Slaves or as far as possible—Young Men Slaves answer better than Women—Keep a watchful Eye over ‘em and give them no Opportunity of making a Insurrection, and let them have a Sufficiency of good Diet, as you are Sensible your Voyage depends upon their Health. Use your utmost Endeavors to make all the Dispatch possible, as your Vessel is small and your Expenses great, and proceed from the Coast to—Charles Town in South Carolina, where we shall lodge Letters for you containing Instructions for your farther Proceedings. We recommend to you the utmost Frugality in your Expenses on the Vessel. We also entreat you to use your utmost Endeavors to promote Peace—Harmony and good Order on Board both with your Officers and others, especially the Officers.... Don’t omit writing us by all Opportunities we wish you Health and a prosperous Voyage who areyour Friends,Sam. & Wm Vernon

Just imported in the Hare, Capt. Caleb Godrey, directly from Sierra-Leon, a Cargo of Likely and Healthy SLAVES, To be sold upon easy Terms, on Taesday the 29th Instant June, by

AUSTIN & LAURENS.




Analyzing Primary SourcesGroup Recording Sheet

Primary Source What do you think it is? What does it tell us about slavery in

the colonies and the slave trade?

#1

#2

#3

What is the connection between these three primary sources?




Analyzing Primary SourcesGroup Recording Sheet – Sample Answers

Primary Source What do you think it is?

What does it tell us about slavery in the colonies and the

slave trade?

#1

a letter written in 1755 to the captain of a slave ship called the Hare giving him directions about sailing to Africa and purchasing

slaves

Sometimes slave ships traveled directly from New England to Africa and then back to New

England with a cargo of enslaved Africans.

#2an ad announcing the sale of

enslaved Africans from the slave ship Hare.

Enslaved Africans were bought and sold like goods such as

animals or manufactured goods. They were treated like property,

not people

#3 A diagram of what a slave ship like the Hare looked like.

Enslaved Africans were forced to lie below the deck close together where there was hardly room to

breathe. The conditions must have been horrible.

What is the connection between these four primary sources?

These primary sources all relate to a slave ship known as the Hare which sailed from Newport to Africa and then to South Carolina in 1755




Assessment

Directions: Demonstrate what you have learned in this lesson by writing an informational piece describing Triangular Trade. You will need to include:

the trade routes the people and goods that were traded the Middle Passage its impact on life in Africa.

Make sure to

Introduce the topic clearly Develop the topic with facts, definitions, details or other information Use headings, illustrations or other formatting techniques if necessary. Link the ideas of your writing together. Use precise language and vocabulary to explain the topic. Write a strong concluding statement or section

Use this checklist to help you organize your writing:

CO

NTE

NT

I described the trade routes.

I described the people and goods that were traded.

I described the Middle Passage.

I described the impact of Triangular Trade on life in Africa.

PRO

CES

S

I introduced the topic clearly.

I developed the topic with facts, definitions and details.

I used formatting techniques when needed.

I linked my ideas together.

I used precise language and vocabulary.

I wrote a strong conclusion.



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