"thinking strategically about testing" with fiona charles
DESCRIPTION
View webinar: http://www.eurostarconferences.com/community/member/webinar-archive/webinar-76-thinking-strategically-about-testing To test software effectively, you need to have a strategy. That's true whether you are testing a minor feature, an entire application or an integrated suite of applications. A test strategy is the set of big-picture ideas that embody the direction or design of a test effort. It's not a detailed plan. It's the thinking you've done about how to make the best use of time and all the other resources available to you, to find important bugs and provide your stakeholders with information that really matters to them about the software. Most testers are not taught to think strategically about testing. Instead, we're given document templates derived from a standard, and told to go off and populate the sections with tedious and repetitious detail that rarely has much to do with how we're actually going to test the software. It's time to question the common belief that a test strategy has to be a big prose document that's expensive and time-consuming to produce, yet delivers little value to our stakeholders. It's time to start thinking strategically about how to test effectively. In this presentation, Fiona Charles focuses on what's essential in a test strategy and outlines some simple yet powerful techniques to develop it quickly, asking questions that will help you learn to think strategically. Biography Fiona Charles teaches testers project skills "beyond process"- skills essential to thrive and excel on any kind of software project. An expert test consultant and manager, she has been in the thick of it through 30+ years of challenging projects across the business spectrum on both sides of the Atlantic. Throughout her career, Fiona has advocated, designed, implemented and taught pragmatic and humane practices to deliver software worth having. Fiona's articles appear frequently, and she conducts experiential workshops at international conferences and in-house for clients. She is co-founder/host of the Toronto Workshop on Software Testing, a testing peer conference. She edited The Gift of Time, celebrating Jerry Weinberg's work, and the "Women of Influence" issue of STP Magazine in which she was also featured.TRANSCRIPT
Welcome to the 2013
This webinar is due to start at 1:30PM. Make sure you s4ck around at the end for the Q&A session and con4nue the conversa4on with the speaker on Twi*er a<er the show!
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This webinar is presented by Fiona Charles and she will discuss:
‘Thinking Strategically About Tes>ng’
Join the conversa4on on TwiCer!
Thinking Strategically about Testing
Fiona Charles EuroSTAR Virtual Conference
September 17, 2013
Thinking Strategically about Testing 3 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 4 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
“The terms tactic and strategy are often confused: tactics are the actual means used to gain an objective, while strategy is the overall campaign plan, which may involve complex operational patterns, activity, and decision-‐making that lead to tactical execution.”
Wikipedia entry on “Tactic”
Thinking Strategically about Testing 5 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
A test strategy is a set of big-‐picture ideas embodying the overarching design of a test campaign
Not a detailed plan Not a set of tactical operations
Thinking Strategically about Testing 6 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
The design behind the
plan
Thinking Strategically about Testing 7 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Your solution to the problem
How to uncover the most important information about the system
Most efficiently & effectively
Within the constraints
With the resources available to you
While managing the risks to your testing
Thinking Strategically about Testing 8 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 9 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 10 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
What am I dealing with and how big is it? (=scope)
What limits are there to what I can do? (=constraints)
What is “the most important information” in this context?
What are the risks (and known issues)?
Thinking Strategically about Testing 11 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Scope
Thinking Strategically about Testing 12 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Anything that affects the size of the testing problem:
System(s), components, features
Browsers, devices
Geographical areas, LoBs
Types of testing…
Thinking Strategically about Testing 13 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Constraints
Thinking Strategically about Testing 14 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Anything that could limit your testing:
Time
People
Environments
Hardware or software
Organisational rules …
Thinking Strategically about Testing 15 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Constraints typically have associated risks
Thinking Strategically about Testing 16 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Information that matters
Thinking Strategically about Testing 17 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
How do you know what that means in this context?
Thinking Strategically about Testing 18 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
What does quality mean for this system?
In practical terms that drive what we look for and how we test
Thinking Strategically about Testing 19 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
“Quality is value to some person or persons.”
Gerald M. Weinberg
Thinking Strategically about Testing 20 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Value is in the eye…
Thinking Strategically about Testing 21 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
…of the beholder
Thinking Strategically about Testing 22 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Information that matters conveys something significant about system value:
Confirmation of documented requirements
Bugs that impair, impede or threaten value
Thinking Strategically about Testing 23 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Value(s)
Business drivers for the project
Benefits that stakeholders expect this project to deliver with/in this system
Overriding facts, principles, and beliefs
Thinking Strategically about Testing 24 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
This system will be used to mobilise emergency services, and guide and inform incident responses based on complex combinations of configurable rules. Incident history will be recorded and tracked in the system by dispatchers and response team leads from receipt of the call through to closure of the incident.
Thinking Strategically about Testing 25 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
The system is strategic to the business. Threats to the publicly advertised launch date will be catastrophic to the company’s reputation and share price (and, not incidentally, to the executives’ compensation.
Thinking Strategically about Testing 26 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
The product is a web site that will go live on a specific date to be hit by many thousands of users in an event-‐based marketing campaign. If it crashes or crawls, your company’s name will be mud and it will lose its biggest, most prestigious customer.
Thinking Strategically about Testing 27 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
The system implements eHealth records that will be accessed and updated nationally by doctors’ offices, private clinics and public hospitals. Patients will be able to access their own records via mobile devices.
Thinking Strategically about Testing 28 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
“…to some person or persons”
Thinking Strategically about Testing 29 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Potential stakeholders for testing
Anyone who could be impacted by implementation of this system:
Expects to benefit
Could be victimized by it
Will have to look after it
Could illegitimately benefit (disfavoured stakeholder; negative value)
Thinking Strategically about Testing 30 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Business stakeholders to consider Management—those who pay for the system and therefore have a “stake” in its successful operation
Product owner or manager
Hands-‐on system users
Users of system outputs Reports Data
Customers…
Thinking Strategically about Testing 31 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Silent or absent stakeholders who could be significantly impacted
Anonymous customers
Your business customer’s customers
Bystanders
Thinking Strategically about Testing 32 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Technical and IT stakeholders to consider
Computer operations (batch jobs, backups, etc.)
Maintenance leads
Help desk…
Thinking Strategically about Testing 33 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Of these, whose interests are most significant to include or represent in your testing?
Thinking Strategically about Testing 34 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Risks
Thinking Strategically about Testing 35 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Testing risks operate at 2 principal levels important for strategy
System/Product risks – The potential for, and impact to stakeholders of, threats to value in the implemented system
Testing project risks – anything that could threaten your ability to solve the testing problem
Thinking Strategically about Testing 36 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Initial brainstorming – system risks overall
Are there any “givens” we can start with?
What kinds of impact matter in this organization?
What’s the worst thing that could happen?
Who could be hurt and who do we care about most (hierarchy of concern)?
How could this system hurt each of those?
Which aspects of quality should we look at in this system?
Thinking Strategically about Testing 37 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Test project risks can come from anywhere
Scope (too large?)
Constraints
Circumstances (late development)…
Thinking Strategically about Testing 38 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 39 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Your solution to the testing problem
How to uncover information about threats to stakeholder value
Within the constraints
While managing the risks
With the resources available to you
Thinking Strategically about Testing 40 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
The core of any test strategy is the model
Thinking Strategically about Testing 41 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Even if your test is driven entirely by use cases
Or user stories
Or requirements…
Thinking Strategically about Testing 42 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
User setup (from Store for Pilot)Store parameters
Item load (from spreadsheet)
1-time setup before all cycles
CENTRAL OFFICE
Item maintenancePrice maintenance
Promotions
CENTRALOFFICE
Once per cycle events
Close store
Verify:Totaller
Cash BalanceDaily Reports
TLOG
STORE1 BACKOFFICE
STORE1 BACKOFFICE
Open store
Close store
Verify:Totaller
Cash BalanceDaily Reports
TLOG
STORE2 BACKOFFICE
STORE2 POS REGISTERS
Open registerLogin
POS transactions...
LogoutClose register
(Verify POS receiptsTill balance)
STORE2 BACKOFFICE
Open store
Daily, 3-4 days per cycle
STORE1 POS REGISTERS
Open registerLogin
POS transactions...
LogoutClose register
(Verify POS receiptsTill balance)
CENTRALOFFICE
Verify:Central reports
Sales report
Once per cycle event
Run reports
STORES
Model for testing a POS system
Thinking Strategically about Testing 43 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Why model consciously?
In every test, we make choices What to include What to leave out
Consciously modeling a test gives us a way to control, examine, and explain those choices
Thinking Strategically about Testing 44 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Overall model for testing on a large insurance project:
Thinking Strategically about Testing 45 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Many possibilities for designing the model that will best help solve your testing problem
Thinking Strategically about Testing 46 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Business operations
Business model through a day, week, month, year Product definition & pricing Periodic promotions setup and aging Open store day Sell/return, other transactions Close store day Balance the day Produce financial reports Multiple stores + Central office
Thinking Strategically about Testing 47 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Functional or organizational decomposition
Functional areas within the system or business (Ordering, Inventory Management, Billing, etc.) Processes in each area (Order capture, provisioning, etc.) Functions within each process (Enter, edit, cancel order, etc.)
Thinking Strategically about Testing 48 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
System (or integration) data
Static Semi-‐static Dynamic (see my Modelling Scenarios using Data)
Thinking Strategically about Testing 49 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Others
Lifecycle of any entity: A bank account, from open through to close A purchase, from order through extended warranty servicing
Stakeholder experience Users Customers Managers/approvers
State transitions…
Thinking Strategically about Testing 50 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
It’s a good idea to combine 2 or more models
Each model type can act as a source of test ideas Different models can act as cross-‐checks on each other, generating ideas for complementary scenarios, e.g.,
Combining the real-‐world view of a business operations model with the systems view of a model based on the data
Thinking Strategically about Testing 51 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
You may need more specific strategies
Priorities
Constraints
Risk management
Resource strategies (data, environments, staffing, tools…)
Thinking Strategically about Testing 52 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Scenario ListGL SIT Master (1/cycle/transit)
= TC ID, transaction, session, GLs, Days
TestTeamAnalysis
Transaction/Event
Variations
Transaction/Event
Variations
Transactions& Events
System Test CasesManual
DayPlans
DayPlansDay
Plans
TransactionWorksheet
Transaction/Test CaseWorksheet
Transaction/Test Case
Worksheets
DayTotals
DayTotals
DayTotals
forVerification
Manual
MacroGenerated
DayVerification
Form
Teller ProjectE2E SIT Artifacts
Man
ual
DayPlans
DayPlans
CyclePlans
ProjectMICR Master File
TransactionWorksheet
Transaction/Test CaseWorksheet
ProjectPartner Files(1/transit/day)
= MICRs as mockup forpaper instruments
Macro
Macro
MacroDataTablesnot used
Thinking Strategically about Testing 53 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Scenario ListGL SIT Master (1/cycle/transit)
= TC ID, transaction, session, GLs, Days
Transaction/Event
Variations
Transaction/Event
Variations
Transactions& Events
System Test CasesManual
DayPlans
DayPlansDay
Plans
TransactionWorksheet
Transaction/Test CaseWorksheet
Transaction/Test Case
Worksheets
DayTotals
DayTotals
DayTotals
forVerification
Manual
DayVerification
Form
Teller ProjectE2E SIT Test Artifacts
Man
ual
DayPlans
DayPlans
CyclePlans
ProjectMICR Master File
TransactionWorksheet
Transaction/Test CaseWorksheet
ProjectPartner Files(1/transit/day)
= MICRs as mockup forpaper instruments
Macro
Macro
MacroDataTablesnot used
Posted dailyfor verification
Thinking Strategically about Testing 54 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Scenario ListGL SIT Master (1/cycle/transit)
= TC ID, transaction, session, GLs, Days
Transaction/Event
Variations
Transaction/Event
Variations
Transactions& Events
System Test CasesManual
DayPlans
DayPlansDay
Plans
TransactionWorksheet
Transaction/Test CaseWorksheet
Transaction/Test Case
Worksheets
DayTotals
DayTotals
DayTotals
forVerification
Manual
DayVerification
Form
Teller ProjectE2E SIT Test Artifacts
Man
ual
DayPlans
DayPlans
CyclePlans
ProjectMICR Master File
TransactionWorksheet
Transaction/Test CaseWorksheet
ProjectPartner Files(1/transit/day)
= MICRs as mockup forpaper instruments
Macro
Macro
MacroDataTablesnot used
Filed &retained for
Audit
ProblemDatabase
Hard Copy GLReports
Thinking Strategically about Testing 55 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 56 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Testers love detail!
Thinking Strategically about Testing 57 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 58 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 59 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Work through levels of detail
Thinking Strategically about Testing 60 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking tools
Get a big picture
Clarify
Develop ideas
Understand relationships
Explore details
Expose gaps
Thinking Strategically about Testing 61 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 62 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 63 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 64 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Ethical conundrums
Practical decisionsHow
Reconcile conflicts
What The "right" thing
What employers expect Explicitly
Ethics policies
Implicitly
What we bring
Strengths Personal value system
Ethical training
Philosophical or religious underpinnings
Self-respect
Self esteem
Undermining influences
Respect for authority Habit of obedience
Fear
Reluctance to stand out or make waves
ObligationsEmployers
Society
Our dependents
Ourselves
A "higher power"Religious
Ethical ideals Our craft/profession
Co-workers
StakeholdersWho are they?
Who is most important?
Why do we believe that?
Thinking Strategically about Testing 65 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Thinking Strategically about Testing 66 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
The representation (documentation) of a thing is not the thing itself
Thinking Strategically about Testing 67 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
A document (diagram, mindmap…) may describe or express a test strategy but it is not in itself a test strategy
Thinking Strategically about Testing 68 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
There is no inherent relationship between the rigour of a test effort and the number of pages you take to describe it
Thinking Strategically about Testing 69 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Documentation of a test strategy could legitimately be non-‐existent, minimal, or extensive It could be expressed in pictures, words or both
Thinking Strategically about Testing 70 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
The bigger the document, the lower the likelihood that you will get honest and useful feedback from busy stakeholders
Thinking Strategically about Testing 71 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
You should be able to summarise your strategy for any test effort—large or small—in no more than a page or two
The model Words Picture(s)
Thinking Strategically about Testing 72 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
A test strategy document is not made to look “professional” by inclusion of more stuff
Thinking Strategically about Testing 73 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
Continuous prose with lots of words
Textbook definitions
Information copied from other documents
Tactical details
SOPs (like defect management process)
Generic risks
Thinking Strategically about Testing 74 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
You can think strategically about testing at any level, for any size of test effort, and at any stage
the politics of testing how to overcome constraints…
Thinking Strategically about Testing 75 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
I hope to see you at EuroSTAR!
Join me in the Test Lab Tues Nov 5 at 5 pm for the 1-‐hour Test Strategy Challenge
And for my keynote:
“Get in there and argue!” A questioning tester’s personal journey
Fiona Charles fiona.charles@quality-‐intelligence.com
www.quality-‐intelligence.com
Twitter: @FionaCCharles
Images and text ©Fiona Charles 2013
Thinking Strategically about Testing 77 © Fiona Charles 2013
EuroSTAR Online Software Testing Summit, Sept. 2013 @esconfs #esconfs @FionaCCharles
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Don’t miss Fiona Charles Keynote Talk: “Get In There And Argue!” A Questioning Tester’s Personal Journey at the 2013 EuroSTAR Conference.