Thinking Globally: part 2 - 1

Thinking GloballyThinking GloballyThinking GloballyThinking Globally

about our environmentabout our environmentabout our environmentabout our environment

Part 2. Collecting, processing Part 2. Collecting, processing Part 2. Collecting, processing Part 2. Collecting, processing

and displaying dataand displaying dataand displaying dataand displaying data

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 2

Collecting data

What is a ‘GIS’?a ‘GIS’?a ‘GIS’?a ‘GIS’?

o LandsatLandsatLandsatLandsat

o Earth Observatory SystemEarth Observatory SystemEarth Observatory SystemEarth Observatory System

What is a ‘GPS’?

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 3

Geographic

Information System

A geographic information system (GIS) is a

system designed to capture, store, manipulate,

analyze, manage, and present all types of

spatial or geographical data.

GIS can relate unrelated information by using

location as the key index variable. Locations or

extents in the Earth space-time may be

recorded as dates/times of occurrence, and x,

y, and z coordinates representing longitude,

latitude, and altitude.

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 4

A constellation of observatories

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 5

Landsat

Satellite imagery of Earth’s Satellite imagery of Earth’s Satellite imagery of Earth’s Satellite imagery of Earth’s

surfacesurfacesurfacesurface

landsat.usgs.govlandsat.usgs.govlandsat.usgs.govlandsat.usgs.gov

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 6

Sun-synchronous

satellite orbit

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 7

Sun-synchronous

satellite orbit

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 8

Sun-synchronous

satellite orbit

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 9

Earth Observatory

System

NASA’s Earth Observatory NASA’s Earth Observatory NASA’s Earth Observatory NASA’s Earth Observatory SystemSystemSystemSystem

Great maps for global Great maps for global Great maps for global Great maps for global presepectivepresepectivepresepectivepresepective

http://eospso.nasa.govhttp://eospso.nasa.govhttp://eospso.nasa.govhttp://eospso.nasa.gov////

https://earthobservatory.nasa.govhttps://earthobservatory.nasa.govhttps://earthobservatory.nasa.govhttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov////

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 10

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/

Jan 30, 2019—why we don’t have class this week

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 11

Earth Observation System

Satellite Database

Data Analysis

Carbon Models

Carbon Accounts

WWW

Markets

Buyers

Carbon Sellers

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 12

GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a

space-based satellite-navigation system

that provides location and time information

in all weather conditions, anywhere on or

near the Earth where there is an

unobstructed line of sight to four or more

GPS satellites.

www.gps.govwww.gps.govwww.gps.govwww.gps.gov

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 13

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 14

How GPS works

Imagine you are standing

somewhere on Earth with three

satellites in the sky above you. If

you know how far away you are

from satellite A, then you know

you must be located somewhere

on the red circle. If you do the

same for satellites B and C, you

can work out your location by

seeing where the three circles

intersect. This is just what your

GPS receiver does, although it

uses overlapping spheres rather

than circles.

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 15

How GPS works (2)

Your cell phone can receive

signals from various satellites. It

decodes the time and location of

the sender. Then it calculates the

distance of the sender. From 3

satellites it can detect ‘x,y’

location. With a 4th satellite it can

determine ‘height’.

The coordinate system is

‘spherical’ in 3d, meaning there

are 2 angles and a radial

distance.

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 16

Thinking GloballyThinking GloballyThinking GloballyThinking Globally

about our environmentabout our environmentabout our environmentabout our environment

Processing and Displaying DataProcessing and Displaying DataProcessing and Displaying DataProcessing and Displaying Data

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 17

• Data fusion

• KML: Keyhole Markup Language

• Google Earth

• Stanford U GIS Lab

• MSU GIS Lab

Topics

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 18

Data fusion

In the geospatial (GIS) domain, data fusion is

often synonymous with data integration. In these

applications, there is often a need to combine

diverse data sets into a unified (fused) data set

which includes all of the data points and time

steps from the input data sets. The fused data set

is different from a simple combined superset in

that the points in the fused data set contain

attributes and metadata which might not have

been included for these points in the original data

set.

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 19

Keyhole Markup

Language

KML is a file format used to display geographic

data in an Earth browser, such as Google Earth,

Google Maps, and Google Maps for mobile. You

can create KML files to pinpoint locations, add

image overlays, and expose rich data in new

ways. KML is an international standard

maintained by the Open Geospatial Consortium,

Inc. (OGC).

https://developers.google.com/kml/

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 20

Google Earth

https://earth.google.com/web/

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 21

Stanford U GIS Lab

lib.stanford.edu/lib.stanford.edu/lib.stanford.edu/lib.stanford.edu/gisgisgisgis////

Thinking Globally: part 2 - 22

MSU GIS Lab

prod.gis.msu.edu/prod.gis.msu.edu/prod.gis.msu.edu/prod.gis.msu.edu/