think green, triple sales iea hts exco, may 2010, stockholm, sweden ok-bae hyun/kepco iea hts...

Think Green, Triple Sales IEA HTS ExCo, May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden

Ok-Bae Hyun/KEPCO

IEA HTS Programme ExCo meeting20-21 May 2010, Stockholm, Sweden

Recent Progress for HTS Power Technology R&D in Korea- HTS wire, Cable, and FCL -

Think Green, Triple Sales

High performance CC20 m – Ic : 1 kA/cm tar-getedEDDC

Production tech. 1 km – Ic : 500 A/cm tar-getedR2R RCE

SUNAM

High Throughput Process

Commercialization of CC~ 600 m/h @ 2 km-L, 4mm-w

R&D status of HTS CC

http://www.keri.re.kr/index.html


Fabrication processes for each layer

LayerTypical

Thickness

R&D (KERI/SuNAM) Pilot line (SuNAM)

Process Speed Process Speed

Cu ~ 20 μmElectro-plating 240 m/h

Electro-plat-ing

300 ~ 600 m/h

Ag 2~ 3 μm Sputt. 10 m/h Sputt. 360 m/h

SmBCO(GdBCO) ~ 2 μm EDDC 100 m/h R2R RCE 600 m/h

LMO ~ 20 μm PLD 50 m/h Sputt.

360 m/hEpi-MgO ~ 50 nm Evap. 70 m/h Evap.

Textured-MgO ~ 10 nm IBAD 600 m/h IBAD

Y2O3 ~ 7 nmEvap.

500 m/hEvap. 600 m/h

Al2O3 ~ 50 nm 200 m/h

Hastelloy ~ 70 μmElectro-polishing 90 m/h

Electro-pol-ishing 720 m/hEDDC : Evaporation using Drum in Dual Chamber (Batch type RCE)

Evap. : Evaporation with e-beam.Production speed is 4 mm wide equivalent


100m

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 951000

510

1520

2530

3540

4550

5560

6570

7580

8590

95100

05

1015

2025

3035

4045

5055

6065

7075

8085

9095

100

Ba

Cu

Ba Sm

35

45

40

6550 55 6010

30

20

15

25

3030

45

Compositional ratio.

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

SmBCO(005)

FWHM : 0.88o

Inte

nsi

ty

Omega scan

DS076-B079-L33-(005)

Fabrication of 100 m long- SmBCO CC by IBAD-EDDC (KERI)

-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Inte

nsi

ty

Phi scan

DS076-B079-L33-(102)

FWHM(102) : 4.01o

100 m

Differentialpumping

Buffered Substrate

O2

Halogen heater

~15 mTorrSmBCO

~10-5 TorrCryoPump

TMPTMP

Sm (SG) Ba (LG) Cu (LG)


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Cri

tic

al

cu

rre

nt

(A/c

m-w

)

Position (m)

2008 2009 2009

2008 CC : High Ic was obtained but many critical defects were existed.

2009 CC : Ic was enhanced and the number of critical defects was reduced. Ic was decreased but its uniformity was improved in 60 m long section.

2008 2009

Short tape

513 A/cm-w @ 0.7 m

638 A/cm-w @0.9 m

Long tape

325 A/cm-w @20 m

187 A/cm-w @68 m

Ic x L 6,500 Am 12,716 Am

0 50 100 150 200 250 3000.0

3.0x10-5

6.0x10-5

9.0x10-5

1.2x10-4

1.5x10-4

1.8x10-4

Current (A)

Vo

ltag

e (

V)

SmBCO CC -DS116Ic = 255A(637.5A/cm-w.)

Jc = 2.12MA/cm2

Length : 91 cm

@ 77K, S.F., 1uV/cm Criterion

Highest Critical Current of SmBCO CC at KERI

Ic properties of EDDC – SmBCCO CCs


Jc-B-Θ property of EDDC - SmBCO CCs

Normalized magnetic field(H//c) dependence of critical current density( Jc)

0 2 4 6 81E-3

0.01

0.1

1

Jc/J

c_m

ax

Magnetic Field (T)

KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-77K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-65K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-50K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-30K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-10K KERI-EDDC-SmBCO-4.2K Commercial YBCO-40K Commercial YBCO-50K Commercial YBCO-65K Commercial YBCO-77K

60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2200.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

Ic/Ic

_max

Position(degree)

KERI_EDDC_SmBCO_1T KERI_EDDC_SmBCO_3T Commercial_YBCO_1T Commercial_YBCO_3T

Jc-B property of EDDC-SmBCO was found to be superior compared with commercial YBCO

EDDC-SmBCO without any doping shows c-axis flux pinning effect but its relationship with microstructure is not clear.


PI DACVref

(Critical voltage crite-rion)

Current for P/S to HTS conductor

K*V1/n

+

V:measure voltage

P/S current reference critical current

(Linearization of the control voltage)

Current lead

-HTS conductor

Motor & tension control

Voltage tap

Current tap

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 1200000

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Mag

netic

fiel

d (g

auss

)

Position (mm)

DS151

0 20 40 60 80 1000

20

40

60

80

100

Cri

tica

l cu

rre

nt(

A)

Length(m)0 40 80 120

0

20

40

60

80

100

Citi

cal c

urr

en

t (A

/cm

-w.)

Citi

cal c

urr

en

t (A

)

Length (m)

DS151

0

50

100

150

200

250

Continuous High Speed Transport Ic Measurement (HSTM) system

Conventional R2R Transport Mes. Conventional R2R hall sensor Mes.

Current control to keep the measured voltage as critical voltage criterionReel to reel system & DSP control / High speed Ic meas. > 400 m/h


Applied magnetic field

CC tape

Super current flow

Cross sectional viewX

Z

YI+ I-

Define A= line integration of magnetic field of left loop B= line integration of magnetic field of right loop

IIIBABdl )(11

00 Using Ampere law

New non-contact type Ic measurement system

From the scanning magnetic field, Ic= 78.2 AFrom the conventional 4 probe method Ic= 84 A

The deviation is caused by the noise of data

-10 -5 0 5 10-100

-50

0

50

100

150

Magnetic fi

eld

(gauss)

Position(mm)

Bx

I+ I-

Noise

Gap(between hall sensor and superconducting layer)dependency of Ic is smaller for new system

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Ca

lcu

late

d c

ritic

al c

urr

en

t (A

)

Distance h (mm)

Old New

Calibration point


In-plane texture of buffer layers

-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000 M4

MgO(220)

FWHM=3.82O

Inte

nsi

ty

Phi scan

-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000 M4

LMO(110)

FWHM=4.73O

Inte

nsi

ty

Phi scan

Multi-turn IBAD system with max. spool size ~ 2 km. Df of MgO (220) in production : 7 ~ 8 o .

IBAD-MgO

Homo-epi MgO

Properties of IBAD template (SuNAM) SUNAM


computer

Feedback program

E-gun (30 KW)

29 Multi-turn R2R

QCM

Metal tape

Y, Sm Cu Ba

Use of inexpensive metal source. High rate deposition ( > 10 nm/sec) Process speed : < ~ 600 m/hr. Optimization underway.

Heater

Source for metal evaporation : 30 kw pierce e-gunSubstrate transportation : Multi-turn R2R system, more than 20 turns

R2R – RCE system by SuNAM SUNAM


0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

10

20

30

40

50

60

R200-R-A(hall)

Ma

gn

etic

Fie

ld(G

)

Position(m)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

R200-R-A(Ic)

Min. Ic : 265 A/cm-wL : 120 m

0 50 100 150 2000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

GdBCO/IBAD-MgO CC4mmw. x 200m L.C

ritic

al C

urr

ent (A

/cm

-w.)

Length(m)

Min Ic : 220 A/cm-wAve Ic : 298 A/cm-wMax Ic : 340 A/cm-w

Measured by HSTMV-V distance : 60 cm

10 20 30 40 50 60

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Gd

2O

3

Gd

2O

3

(003)

(006)

Inte

ns

ity

(c

ps

)

2 (deg.)

R200-E R200-E-twist

(001)

(002)

(004)

(00

5)

(00

7)

GdBCO Surfaceafter annealing

Ic properties of GdBCCO CCs by R2R-RCE SUNAM


High Critical Current GdBCO CCs by R2R-RCE

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

0.0

2.0x10-6

4.0x10-6

6.0x10-6

8.0x10-6

1.0x10-5 R203-7M-12mm : Ic_510A/cm-w.

Vo

ltag

e (

V)

Current (A)

14 16 18 20 22 24

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

GdBCO(005)

FWHM=1.99O

Inte

nsi

ty

Omega scan

7M

-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Inte

nsi

ty

Phi scan

7M

GdBCO(103)

FWHM=3.72O

SUNAM


Ic of 637 A/cm was achieved for 3 μm-thick EDDC-SmBCO CC. But, critical defects due to de-lamination were observed for long CC tapes.

High performance Ic measurement systems were developed. New hall sensor measurement system using Ampere law High speed transport measurement (HSTM)system

R2R Pilot line for the production of CC was installed in SuNAM Co. De-lamination problem was resolved for R2R-RCE CCs R2R-RCE process for high & uniform Ic of GdBCO CCs was established

Min. Ic of 220 A/cm-w at 77 K for 200 m-long CC Highest Ic of 510 A/cm-w at 77 K for short sample

REBCO CCs by EDC and R2R-RCE


Development of HTS Ca-ble

22.9kV 50MVA154kV 1GVAAccessory

** DAPAS : Development of Advanced Power system by Applied Superconductivity tech.)

22.9kV

22.9kV 50MVA - Location : KEPCO’s I-cheon Substation - Development : 2008 ~ 2011 - Length : 500m - Accessory : 2 Termination, 1 Joint, Cooling system - Equal to 5 circuit of Cu cable

154kV

154kV 1GVA - Type test, 2010 (Gochang Power Testing Center)- PQ test, 2011- Real grid application : 2012 ~- Equal to 6-8 circuit of Cu cable

HTS Cable of LS Cable

DAPAS Project in Korea - Project period : 2001~2011 - Total budget : $146million (Gov. : $100million / Industry : $46million) - Participant : LS Cable, KEPCO, KERI

HTS Cable by LS Cable


Milestone

2004 2005 2006 20072003200220011st Phase 2nd Phase

FundamentalDesign

SingleCore 30m

50MVA/30m3-Core

50MVA/100m3-Core

Fab.Evaluation.

1,000MVA

2008 2009 20103rd Phase

Evaluation

Type test

22.9kV 50MVA, 500mReal-grid application(I-cheon Substation)

DAPAS(MEST)

Year

154kV

22.9kV

1ST PROTO TYPE

NEWProject(MKE) Application

TypeTest

PQTest

22.9kV HTS Cable has been developed and new project deploying on Real-Grid started . 154kV 1GW HTS power cable is under development till 2010. (Type Test) / 2011 (PQ Test)

HTS Cable by LS Cable - milestone


Cooling System Termination 3-Core HTS Cable

HTS cable application – 22.9 kV, 500 m


22.9kV, 50MVA, 500m HTS Cable layout (Ichon SS)

Splicing

Termination

HTS cable (Under-ground part)

Cryogenic system154/22.9kV M.TR (#5)

DSCB

HTS Cable 500m

50MVA HTS cable

HTS cable circuit

HTS cable operation by KEPCO

22.9kV, 50MVA, Real Grid ProjectRoute length : 500m Location : KEPCO’s I-cheon substation Installation & Commissioning : 2010Operation : 2011 ~


154kV 1GVA

- Type test, 2010 (Gochang Power Testing Center)

- PQ test, 2011

- Real grid application : 2012 ~

- Equal to 6-8 circuit of Cu cable

- World best power transmission performance acquisition (1GVA)

A 154kV 1GVA HTS termination was designed, manufactured, and successfully tested in accor-dance with IEC 60141-1

Extra DC voltage test was performed successfully

154 kV HTS cable


Test Item Test Requirement Result

AC Voltage test with LN2 Level

Level 1 (General Point)-Interface at Upper of Spacer

AC225kV/15min Pass

Imp.±750kV/10times

Pass

Imp.±800kV/3times

Pass

Imp.±850kV/3times

Pass

Imp.±900kV/3times

Pass

AC225kV/15min Pass

Level 2 (Weak Point)-Interface at Middle of Spacer

AC225kV/15min Pass

Imp.±750kV/10times

Pass

AC225kV/15min Pass

DC Voltage testLevel 1 (General Point)

DC 220kV/10min

Pass

DC300kV/10min Pass

Withstand Voltage Test (14 kV Termination)


HTS

Reactor

S/WHTS

Reactor/Limiter

VI

SB

DC

HTS

Power fuse

Reactor/Limiter

VI

SB

DC

HTS

SuperconductorHTS + SWHybrid (1/2 Hz limiting)Hybrid (1/2 Hz non-limiting)PCL Hybrid

• Possibly useful at medium voltages

Hybrid SFCL - evolution

Peak current limitation

?


14kV/12.5kArms, 1 phase fault test

• step 1 : fast fault detection• step 2 : triggering mechanical fast switch immediately through the controller, by a capacitor bank energy• step 3 : initiating to open and generate arcing of the contact at the same time• step 4: interruption of main circuit when current become zero• step 5 : commuted to parallel current limiting resistor

Fast switch enabling a FCL


Concept of the PC-FCL

Peak control(mode-1) Type 2(mode-2) Mode 1+2

Double line commutations 2 stage current limita-tion

S1 to limit the fault current for the first ½ cycle upon fault

S2 to limit the fault current after the first ½ cy-cle

Reducing the voltage stress of the S1 switch through a parallel resistor

FCL – Peak current limiting type


Real circuit for the PC-FCL Simulated wave

Use one or multiple module of an IGBT and a resistor in parallel

Peak current controlled FCL by semiconductor SWs


CT

Rogowski coil

Fast fault detector

controller

Driver (S1) Solid state module

(S2) Mechanical fast switch

CLR

PCR

14kV/12.5kArms, 1 phase fault test

Peak current controlled FCL

think green, triple sales iea hts exco, may 2010, stockholm, sweden ok-bae hyun/kepco iea hts...

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