things to do and not do when weatherizing southern homes doug garrett, cem terry brennan
TRANSCRIPT
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Things To Do and Not Do When Weatherizing
Southern Homes
Doug Garrett, CEM
Terry Brennan
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Agenda for Today
• Building Science and Weatherization
• What Makes Sense in Southern Region
• What Doesn’t Make Sense
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When We Say the South
• We Mean the Hot and Humid and The Mixed Humid Climates Zones.
• H&H zone has very little winter at all and M-H has brief periods of cold with mild times in between.
• You could throw in the Hot/Dry and Mixed/Dry areas too for that matter.
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North American Climate Zones
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Do Not Assume
• That the attic and the crawlspace are outside of the house.
• Do not assume that it is best to make them outside in all cases or to bring them inside in all cases.
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Do Make the Effort to Test/Define the Air Barrier
• Is the Basement or Crawlspace part of the Conditioned Space?
• Are there any dropped ceilings, furr downs over kitchen cabinets, or utility chases in the conditioned space?
• Does the Knee Wall and the Shed Roofed Porch have an air barrier behind them?
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SUNPORCH
FINISHEDATTIC
LIVING SPACE
BASEMENT
F
WH
GARAGE
Conditioned Space?
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SUNPORCH
FINISHEDATTIC
LIVING SPACE
BASEMENT
F
WH
GARAGE
Or Conditioned Space?
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A/C & Ducts In or Out?
• If the ducts are in the crawlspace can we easily bring them into the conditioned space?
• Will it help solve other issues like decay of the home, critters living in the ducts or IAQ issues impacting the health of the occupants if we do?
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The House Is A System
• Crawl Spaces:• Generally It’s Best to Not Ventilate Them!!• Outside Air Is Too Humid to Dry Anything
most of the year - And it Just Freezes Pipes in Winter.
• Seal them air tight, use 6/10 mill vapor barrier on the dirt, insulate the stem wall and ventilate with conditioned air at 20 CFM/1,000 SF of floor. IRC 2000 (R-408) allows this method of construction.
• In retrofit, at least put the 6 mill plastic down covering the dirt!
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EEBA Builders Guide
Building Science Corp.Required in the South or no termite warranty!
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Termite view strip or Termite view strip or No Mans Land! No Mans Land!
Photo by
the Healthy Building Company
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Do Not Assume that It’s Really Insulated?
• Kneewalls, dropped ceilings, furr downs in kitchens and utility rooms may look insulated but are they?
• They often have a lot of insulation that is in storage waiting to be put to some useful employment in the future.
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Do Take the Time to Address Thermal Bypasses
• Especially in the Attic
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Dropped Ceiling
Recessed Light
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Typical Dropped Kitchen Ceiling Framing & Insulation
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Knee Walls
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Kneewall:
Pull the Insulation Back and...Instant Access to UninsulatedCeilings and Floors!
Note:
Insulation is Absolutely NOT an Air Barrier!
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Should Uninsulated Ceilings and Floors Like These be Open to Super Heated Attic Air?
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Seal and Fire Block Around Dryer Vents & Chimney
Chases!!
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Do Not Assume That the A/C Is Sized Right Because
They Say It Cools
• Most A/C’s are not right sized
• Our actions and the improvements we make change as in reduce the cooling and heating loads
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Do Take the Time to Calculate the Right Size
• ACCA has developed the methods for over 40 years.
• They are really on target now.
• They are actually required in the building codes now!
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HVAC Issues• Replacing units with the same size
that is there now.
• Not improving the ducts when you replace or repair a unit.
• Not sealing ducts when weatherizing a home.
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Some Facts About Sizing
• ACCA studies show that the average A/C installed in the past 20 years is 150% to 200% bigger than it should be.
• A/C contractors have been held liable for causing mold and other indoor air quality problems in homes and buildings due to over sizing equipment or improperly addressing ventilation needs.
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HVAC System:• A/C Sizing:• Rule of Thumb – Based on
construction practices of the ’60’s!• 1 Ton could only cool 400 to 500
SF• Right for construction then, not
always right for well weatherized homes today.
• Size by ACCA Manual J and Select Equipment by ACCA Manual S.
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HVAC System:• Manual S - Selecting equipment
far over calculated load • ACCA Manual S says to pick
equipment that is Never More Than the Load in BTU’s + 15% Maximum!
• Take calculated load and multiply it by 115%. That is your maximum total equipment size.
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Building Science for HVAC
• HVAC Role:• Design to ACCA Manuals J8 & D
required by 2006 IECC
• Install air tight ducts, mastic sealed
• Return Grilles – 200 CFM/SF Filter Grille or 300 CFM/SF Non-Filter Grille
• Use the right high efficiency filters
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Building Science for HVAC
• Supply Ducts Equivalent Length = Long- 0.06”, Med.- 0.08”, Short-0.10” W.C.
• Select equipment with a Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR) of 0.75 or less to control indoor humidity!
• Select equipment by ACCA Manual S, no larger than 15% over calculated load.
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0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Total Capacity (tons)
0.6
0.8
1.0S
ensi
ble
Hea
t Rat
io (
-)
2 rows
3 rows
4 rows
No moisture removal to the left of these points
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Rm DH1291-7-19-02
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Hours
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
OA TemperatureOA RHIndoor TemperatureIndoor RHOA HRIndoor HR
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Rm K1233 - 6-30-02
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Hours
T-R
H (
F-%
)
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
HR
(lb
sH2O
/lbai
r)
OA TemperatureOA RHIndoor TemperatureIndoor RHOA HRIndoor HR
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South
HoustonDallas
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HVAC System: Benefits
• The new A/C will operate more efficiently.
• The new A/C will deliver greater comfort.
• The new A/C will last longer with fewer repairs.
• The new A/C will improve the healthfulness of the home and the people living in it.
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Ducts and all building chases and cavities used as ducts LEAK!
Don’t worry, this is only a $2 Million dollar home just a week short of completion!
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Do Not Assume That Ducts Are Tight Because They Look Tight
• I guarantee you that you can’t tell diddly squat about how tight ducts are by looking!
• You may guess right sometimes but then even a blind pig finds an acorn occasionally and that’s not reason to start bragging.
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Do Take the time to Deal with Pressure Imbalances!!
EEBA Builders Guide
Building Science Corp.
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Duct Air Sealing Examples
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HVAC System:• In a 3 Month Accelerated Aging
Test simulating 30 Years in the field, U.S. DOE found Failure in:–Cloth Duct Tape = 7 Days–UL-181B-FX Tape = 10 Days–UL-181 B-FX Foil Tape = 10
days–UL-181-A (metallic) and B (Flex) Mastic = No Failures!!
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The Critical Air Seals Are the Inner Core and Flange, NOT the Vapor Barrier Jacket on the Outside!!
EEBA Builders Guide
Building Science Corp.
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Leaks!
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Measuring Static Pressure
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Static Pressure Should be ...
• Less than 0.5”wc or 125 Pa. combined for both supply and return.
• Add the two readings and ignore the + and – signs.
• Measure after duct sealing is done.
• If it is too high, add ducts and grilles to ease resistance.
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Storm Windows?• Storm windows are not cost effective
in the South.• They are popular with many
contractors because they are easy and they are profitable.
• If you live where the codes require Low E glass you should not retrofit homes with storm windows!
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Solar Shading Is The Southern Equivalent of Storm Windows
• Installation of solar shade screens or solar film is cost effective when A/C is present.
• The Shade Coefficient should be 0.50 or lower.
• The measure must cover all of the glass area, not just the operable section.
• Permanently secure to the home.
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Region Where Storm Windows Don’t Make Sense
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Unvented Gas Space Heaters
• Try your best to replace them with vented units.
• At least replace them with units having an ODS.
• If you can’t replace it with a vented unit do not tighten the house or you can cause death or a moisture problem.
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A Few Quick Do’s and Don’ts
• Tips and information to make it go smoothly.
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What the heck is a U factor anyway?
• U factors = R value stated as a decimal
• R- 4 is fraction ¼ as a decimal it’s stated as 0.25
• So, R- 4 = U- 0.25• R-10 = 1/10 = 0.10 as a decimal• So R-10 = U- 0.10• Bigger R’s and Smaller U’s are
better
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Polyethylene Vapor Barrier
Optional: Installed Mold Breeding Chambers
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That Concludes Today’s
Program,
Thanks for Listening!