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THESISGUIDELINE

MasterPrograminElectricalEngineering

TELKOMUNIVERSITY

AGUSTUS2014

THESISGUIDELINE|ELECTRICALENGINEERING

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1. THESISCONTENTInthesiswriting,themostdifficultparttowriteisChapter1(Introduction).Astheysay,themostdifficultpartofanyendeavoristhestartingpoint.Thisisbecausethefirstchapteriswhereyouconceptualize your entire research. The whole research/thesis can be reflected in Chapter 1includingexpected resultsoroutcomes. For your guidelines, please read the following sampleformatofChapter1

CHAPTER1:THEPROBLEMChapter 1 should include the following, namely: 1) Rationale; 2) Theoretical Framework; 3)Conceptual Framework/Paradigm; 4) Statement of the problem; 5) Hypothesis (Optional); 6)Assumption(Optional);7)ScopeandDelimitation; 8) Importanceofthestudy;9)Definitionofterms.

1.1 Rationalea. Backgroundofthestudy

b. Describetheproblemsituationconsideringglobal,nationalandlocalforces.

c. Justifytheexistenceoftheproblemsituationbycitingstatisticaldataandauthoritativesources.

d. Make a clinching statement thatwill relate the background to the proposed researchproblem.

1.2 TheoreticalFrameworkDiscussthetheoriesand/orconcepts,whichareusefulinconceptualizingtheresearch.

1.3 ConceptualFramework/Paradigm1. Identifyanddiscussthevariablesrelatedtotheproblem.

2. Presentaschematicdiagramoftheparadigmoftheresearchanddiscusstherelationshipoftheelements/variablestherein.

1.4 StatementoftheProblem1. Thegeneralproblemmustbereflectiveofthetitle.

2. Itshouldbestatedinsuchawaythatitisnotanswerablebyyesorno,notindicativeofwhenandwhere.Rather,itshouldreflectbetweenandamongvariables.

3. Eachsub-problemshouldcovermutuallyexclusivedimensions(nooverlapping).

4. Thesub-problemshouldbearrangedinlogicalorderfromactualtoanalyticalfollowingtheflowintheresearchparadigm.


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1.5 Hypothesis2. A hypothesis should be measurable/ desirable. It expresses expected relationship

betweentwoormorevariables.Itisbasedonthetheoryand/orempiricalevidence.

3. Therearetechniquesavailabletomeasureordescribethevariables.Itisonaonetoonecorrespondencewiththespecificproblemsofthestudy.

4. Ahypothesisinstatisticalformhasthefollowingcharacteristics:

a. Itisusedwhenthetestofsignificanceofrelationshipsanddifferenceofmeasuresareinvolved.

b. Thelevelofsignificanceifstated.

1.6 Assumption1. Anassumptionshouldbebasedonthegeneralandspecificproblems.

2. Itisstatedinsimple,brief,generallyacceptedstatement.

1.7 ScopeandDelimitationIndicatetheprincipalvariables,locale,timeframe,andjustification.

1.8 ImportanceoftheStudy1 It describes the contributions of the study as new knowledge, make findings more

conclusive.

2 Itcitestheusefulnessofthestudytothespecificgroups.

CHAPTER2:REVIEWOFLITERATUREANDSTUDIESThischapterstartswithabriefintroductoryparagraphconcerningtheresearcher’sexplorationofrelatedliteratureandstudiesontheresearchproblem.Itstatesthemaincoverageofsaidchapter,towit:1)RelatedLiteratureand2)RelatedStudies.

1. Itshouldbeorganizedthematicallytoconfirmtothespecificproblems;

2. Itshouldsynthesizeevidencefromallstudiesreviewedtogetanoverallunderstandingofthestateoftheknowledgeintheproblemarea;

3. Asmuchaspossible,thereviewedshouldbelimitedwithinthelasttenyears.

4. A statement showing how the related materials had assisted the researchers in thepresentstudyshouldbethelastpart.


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CHAPTER3:RESEARCHMETHODOLOGYThischapterofathesiscommencesabriefstatementandenumeratingthemaintopicsthatareto be covered in it; namely; 1) Research Design; 2) Sources of Data (Locale of the Study andPopulation/Sampling);3)InstrumentationandDataCollection;and4)ToolsforDataAnalysis.

3.1 ResearchDesignThe appropriate research design should be specified and described (including requirement,modelling of system/product/method development, detailed description ofsystem/product/methoddesign.

a. System/product/methodImplementation

Describe the place where the study was conducted and the rationale behind its choice, theenvironment of the system (devicespecification, tools specification and language, which wereusedintheimplementation)

b. ExperimentScenario

Describetheexperimentscenario(includingtheobjective,theprocedureoftheexperimentandthevariablewhichwillbeusedintheexperiment).

3.2 Population/SamplingDescribethepopulationofinterestandthesamplingofsubjectsusedinthestudy.

3.3 InstrumentationandDataCollection• Describetheinstrument,whatitwillmeasure,howtointerpret,

• Discusshowthevalidityandthereliabilitywillbeestablished.Specifythelevelofreliability(probability).

• Givedetailsofinstructiongiventoassistantsifpersonsotherthantheresearchergatherdata.

• Statequalificationsofinformantsifusedinthestudy.

3.4 ToolsforDataAnalysis• Determineandjustifythestatisticaltreatmentforeachsub-problem

• Determineandjustifythescalesofvaluesusedandthedescriptiveequivalentratings,ifany.

WritingChapter3ofathesisrequirestheassistanceofastatistician(inmostcases).Thisisbecauseit is inthischapterthatthethesiswriterisusuallyrequiredtoindicatewhatstatisticaltoolsheintendstouseindataanalysis.HereisthebasicformatofChapter3.


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CHAPTER4:DATAPRESENTATIONANDANALYSISInthesiswriting,themostdifficultparttodefendisChater4becauseitisinthissectionwhereyouwillpresenttheresultsofthewholestudy.Hereisasamplethesisformat.

4.1 PresentationofData• Present the findingsof the study in theorderof the specific problemas stated in the

statementoftheProblem.

• Presentthedataintheseforms:

• Tabular

• Textual

• Graphical(optional)

TheZOOMLENSapproachmaybeusedforpurposesofclarity inthepresentationofdata, i.e.generaltoparticular,macrotomicroorviceversa.

4.2 AnalysisoftheDataDatamaybeanalyzedquantitativelyorqualitativelydependingonthelevelofmeasurementandthenumberofdimensionsandvariablesofthestudy.

Analyzeindepthtogivemeaningtothedatapresentedinthedatapresentedinthetable.Avoidtablereading.

Statestatisticaldescriptionsindeclarativesentences,e.g.inthestudiesinvolving:

a. Correlation

• Statelevelofcorrelation

• Statewhetherpositiveornegative

• Indicatethelevelofsignificance

• Makeadecision

b. DifferencesofMeasures

• Statetheobtainedstatisticalresults

• Indicatethelevelofsignificanceofthedifference

• Makeadecision

c. InterpretationofData


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• Establishinterconnectionbetweenandamongdata

• Checkforindicatorswhetherhypothesis/esis/aresupportedornotbyfindings.

• Linkthepresentfindingswiththepreviousliterature.

• Useparallelobservationswithcontemporaryeventstogivecredencepresentedintheintroduction.

• Drawoutimplications.

Inthesiswriting,theChapterissimplyasummaryofwhattheresearcherhaddoneallthroughoutthewholeresearch.

4.3 SummaryofFindingsa. Thisdescribestheproblem,researchdesign,andthefindings(answertothequestions

raised).Therecommendedformatistheparagraphforminsteadoftheenumerationform.

b. Foreachoftheproblems,present:

• Thesalientfindings,

• Theresultsofthehypothesistested

CHAPTER5:CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS(FUTUREWORKS)

5.1 Conclusions• Thesearebrief,generalizedstatementsinanswertothegeneralandeachofthespecific

sub-problems.

• These contain generalized in relation to the population. These are general inferencesapplicabletoawiderandsimilarpopulation.

• Flexibilityisconsideredinmakingofconclusions.Itisnotamusttostateconclusionsonaone-to-one correspondencewith theproblemsand the findingsasall variables canbesubsumeinoneparagraph.

• Conclusionsmaybeusedasgeneralizationsfromamicrotoamacro-levelorviceversa(ZOOMLENSapproach).

5.2 Recommendations• Theyshouldbebasedonthefindingsandconclusionofthestudy.

• Recommendationsmaybespecificorgeneralorboth.Theymayincludesuggestionsforfurtherstudies.


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• Theyshouldbeinnon-technicallanguage.

• Theyshouldbefeasible,workable,flexible,doable,adaptable.

• Anactionplanisoptional.

Otherpartsofathesisusuallyincludethebibliography,appendixorappendices,andcurriculumvitae.WritingthemismucheasierthanChapters1-5becausethesearesimpleannotationsand/orcitationsofreferences.

Thefollowingisasampleformatofthesepartsandhowtowritethem:

OTHERPARTSBIBLIOGRAPHY

Itshouldincludeallmaterialsusedandreviewedbytheresearcherarrangedaccordingtotype,e.g.books,periodicals,unpublishedmaterials,etc.(IEEEBibliographyformatissuggested)

APPENDIX

Itmaycontainthefollowing:

1. Lettersandotherformsofcommunication

2. Instrumentsused

3. Samplecomputations

4. Additionaltablesandfigures

Note:Thethesiswriter isadvisedtoconsulthis/herheadofstudyprogramorschooldeanforinstitutionalpoliciesontheformatofthethesis.

2. FormatandAppearance2.1 PaperandDuplication

To insuredurability, permanency, andopacity, all copiesmust beon goodqualitywhitebondpaper,ofatleast75g,withsize21by29.7cm(A4).Onlysingle-sidedcopieswillbeaccepted.

Photocopies must be made from the original, and all pages must have high contrast withconsistentlydarkprintthroughoutthethesis.

Theprintmustbepermanent;itmustnotsmudge.


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Allpagesmustbecopiedontoacceptablepaper,asdescribedabove.Inferiorcopiesandcopiesnotmade on approved paper will not be accepted. It is recommended that youworkwith areputablecopyingfirmorbinderywhenhavingyourthesisreproduced.

2.2 TypeThetypesizeshouldbe11-point.TimesNewRomanfont isacceptable.Thetypefaceandsizemustbeconsistentthroughoutthethesis.Boldfacelettersandsymbols,anditalicsmaybeusedforspecialemphasisandforeignwords.

In the body of the thesis, different sizesmay be used to set chapter titles, section headings,footnotes,endnotes,examples,quotations,tables,andchartsfromtherestofthetext,aslongastheyareeasilyreadable.Laserandink-jetprintsarepreferred.

No ink corrections, strikeovers, correction fluid or tape, paste-ups, insertions betweenlines,andletrasetarepermittedonthefinalboundcopies.Ifyoumustmakecorrections,do themon the originalmanuscript before it is copied (but not by ink corrections andstrikeoverswhichareneverallowed).Allprintmustbeinpermanentblackinkandmustappearononlyonesideofeachpage.

2.3 SpacingThe general text of the manuscript must use 1.5 spacing although tables, long quotations,footnotes,endnotes,bibliographies,andcaptionsmaybesingle-spaced.

2.4 MarginsTheleftmargin(bindingside)mustbeatleast4cmwidetoallowforbinding;theotherthreemarginsmustbeatleast2.5cmwide.However,inpreliminarypages,thefirstpagesofchaptersofthetextandthefirstpagesofreferencesandappendicespages,thetopmarginmustbeatleast5cm.Themarginsaredepictedinthefollowingfigure.

Figure1


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Narrowermarginsarenotacceptable.

Absolutelynothingshouldappearinthemargins.Thismeansthatallheadings,pagenumbers,text, tables, illustrations,etc.,mustbecontainedcompletelywithintheareaboundedbythemargins.

Ifrightjustificationisusedwithouthyphenation,right-justifiedtextcontaininglongtechnicalandscientificwordsmayresultinunsightlywhitespacesbetweenwords,whicharenotacceptable.

2.5 CenteringAllmaterialsmustbecenteredbetweenthetextmarginsratherthanbetweenpaperedges.Afterthemanuscriptisbound,centeredmaterialwillappeartobecenteredonthepage.

Inparagraphs,twotypesofformattingcanbeused.Ifspacingbetweenparagraphsisused,thenthereisnoneedforindentation.Ifindentationisused,thennospacingmustbeusedbetweenparagraphs

2.6 WordandTextDivisionsWordsmustbedividedcorrectlyattheendofalineandmaynotbedividedfromonepagetothenext.Useastandarddictionarytodetermineworddivision.Atleasttwolinesofaparagraphmustappeartogetheratthetopandbottomofeverypage.Asubheadingmustbefollowedbyatleasttwolinesofaparagraph.

2.7 PaginationAllpagenumbersofthethesismustappearinthesamelocationonthepage.Youhavethreechoicesforthislocation:theupperright-handcorner,bottomright-handcornerorbottomcenterofthepage.Inanycase,pagenumbersmustbeatleasttwosinglespacesaboveorbelowthenearestlineoftext,butwithinthemarginboundariesasstatedabove.Allpagenumbersmustbeinthesamefontandsize.Thepagenumberofmainbodypages,mustbeinthesamelocation.

Thefollowingpaginationplanshouldbeused:

a)Forthepreliminarypages,usesmallRomannumerals(i,ii,iii,iv,etc.).TheTitlepageandtheApprovalpagedonothavenumbersbutcountaspagesiandii,respectively.ActualpagenumberingbeginswithiiiontheSelfDeclarationAgainstPlagiarismpage.

b) Use Arabic numerals beginning with "1" on the first page of the text and continuethroughouttherestofthethesis,includingbibliography,appendices,andCV.Allpagesmustbenumberedconsecutively, includingpages containingchapterpages, illustrations, suchastables,figures,plates,andphotographs.

2.8 BindingAllmaster'sthesesaretobeboundindarkbluecloth.Aboundcopyofthethesisshouldmeasure21.5by28.5cm.


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Twogeneral rulesof thumb should govern thepresentationof any thesis: keep the formatassimpleaspossible,andbeconsistentwiththeformatthroughoutthethesis.

Everythesishasthreemainpartsordivisions:thepreliminarypagesthetext,andthereferencematter(SeeFigure2).Youmustfollowtheorderofpagesshowninthefigure.Requiredsectionsaremarkedwithasterisk.

Figure2

3 SpecificGuidelinesforthePartsoftheThesis

3.1 PreliminaryPages

3.1.1 TitlePageThetitlemustbesingle-spaced,inallcapitalletters,andshouldbeginat5cmfromthetopofthe page. The information retrieval systems consulted bymany scholars to locate theses andrelatingtotheirownworkusethekeywordsinthetitle.Consequently,thetitlemustnotcontainchemicalormathematicalformulas,symbols,superscripts,subscripts,Greekletters,orothernon-standardabbreviationsandcharacters;wordsmustbesubstituted.


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SeeAPPENDIXAtoobtainasampletitlepage

3.1.2 ApprovalPageAnexampleofApprovalpageshouldbelookedlikeinCommitteeMembersshouldbelistedas

1.chairpersonofthejury

2.thesecondnamebelongstosupervisor,

3.thethirdnamebelongstoco-supervisorifexists

4.therestisinalphabeticalorderoffirstname

In addition, the affiliations of the committee members should be given. It is stronglyrecommendedthattheapprovalpageofthethesisbesignedinblueink.

SeeAPPENDIXBtoobtainasampleapprovalpage

3.1.3SelfDeclarationAgainstPlagiarismPageThispageincludesthestatementsignedbytheauthoraboutplagiarism.Theboldfontfaceshouldbeusedonthispage.Actualpagenumberingstartswith“iii”onthispage.

SeeAPPENDIXCtoobtainasampleSelfDeclarationAgainstPlagiarismpage

3.1.4AbstractThe abstract gives a succinct account of the thesis, including a statement of the problem,procedureandmethods,results,andconclusions.Itmustnotexceed250words,mustnotincludediagrams,andshouldnotincludemathematicalformulasunlessessential.

TheheadingABSTRACTappearswithoutpunctuation,centeredbetweenthetextmargins,5cmfromthetopofthepage.Thetitleofthethesisinallcapital

lettersbeginscenteredat leasttwospacesbelowtheheading.Equal3singlespacesshouldbeleavedas shown in theFigure6. Ifabstract takesmore thanonepage,at least2,5cmmarginshouldbeleavedforthetopmarginoftheotherpage.

Maximumfivekeywordsmustbewrittenattheendoftheabstract.

SeeAPPENDIXDtoobtainasampleabstractpage.

3.1.5Dedication,Acknowledgements,andPrefaceIfincluded,eachoftheseitemsmustappearonaseparatepage.Aheadingforthededicationisnotrequired,butitmusthaveapagenumber.Ifused,thededicationmustbebriefandcenteredonthepage.AsampleDedicationisprovidedinAppendixE.


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Like thededication,acknowledgmentsandprefaceareoptional.Theymusthaveheadingsandshouldusethesamespacingasthetext(i.e.1,5spacing).TheheadingACKNOWLEDGMENTSorPREFACEappearscenteredbetweenthetextmarginswithoutpunctuation5cmfromthetopofthe page; text begins at least three spaces below the heading as can be seen in Figure 7. IfACKNOWLEDGEMENTStakesmorethanonepage,atleast2,5cmmarginshouldbeleavedforthetopmarginfortheotherpages.

3.1.7TableofContentsThetableofcontentsmustlistthetitleofeachchapteranditspartsandsections,referencesorbibliography,appendices,andvita(ifapplicable).Thewordingusedforallentriesinthetableofcontentsmustmatchexactlywithwhatisusedinthetext.Eachentrymusthaveleaderdotswhichconnectittoitscorrespondingpagenumber.

The heading TABLE OF CONTENTS appears without punctuation centered between the textmargins5cmfromthetopofthepage.ThelistingofactualcontentsbeginsattheleftmarginatleastthreespacesbelowtheheadingascanbeseeninAppendixH.IfTABLEOFCONTENTStakesmorethanonepage,at least2,5cmmarginshouldbe leavedforthetopmarginfortheotherpages.

SeeAPPENDIXGtoobtainasampletableofcontentspage.

3.1.8ListofTables,ListofFiguresorListofIllustrationsAlistoftablesorlistoffiguresmaybeincludedfortheconvenienceofthereader.Ifincluded,firstLISTOFTABLESthanLISTOFFIGURESwillimmediatelyfollowthetableofcontentsonanewpage.

The heading LIST OF TABLES or LIST OF FIGURES appears centered between the textmarginswithoutpunctuation5cmfromthetopofthepage;thelistingbeginsattheleftmarginatleastthreespacesbelowtheheading.

Eachentryshouldhavethesamenumberandthesamecaptionortitleusedinthetext,althoughalongcaptionmaybeabbreviatedtotheextentofusingonlythefirstfullsentence.

Asinthetableofcontents,eachentrymusthaveleaderdots,whichconnectittoitspagenumber.

Noreferenceshouldbeusedforthetablesoffiguresinthissection.

SeeAPPENDIXHtoobtainasamplelistoftablespage.

SeeAPPENDIXItoobtainasamplelistoffigurespage.

3.1.9ListofSymbolsand/orAbbreviationsIfincluded,youshouldfollowaformatconsistentwithacceptablepracticeinyourdiscipline.


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3.2TheTextThe text, or the body of a thesis, is divided into multiple chapters to help the reader inunderstandingthesubjectmatter.Althoughthedetailedorganizationofthetextvariesamongacademicdisciplines,theformattingofthetextmustbeconsistentthroughout.Allheadingsandsubheadings shouldbepresented in the sameway in each chapter, in termsof capitalization,placementonthepageandkindoftypeused.Noheaders,givingthetitlesofchaptersorothersections,areallowedatthetopofthepages.

ChaptersarenumberedconsecutivelyinArabicorRomannumeralsandcapitalletters(CHAPTER1, CHAPTER 2, etc., or CHAPTER I, CHAPTER II, etc.). In addition to general titles likeINTRODUCTION,thechaptersneedsubstantiallydescriptivetitlesaswell.

Onlychaptersshouldbeginwithanewpage.Withinachapter,thepresentationofsubsectionsmustbecontinuous;partiallyfilledpagesoftextareacceptableonlyonnon-textualpages,suchas thosepresenting tables and illustrations.Subsectionnumberingmust notgobeyond threelevels(e.g.1.2.3SubsectionTitle)unlessabsolutelynecessary.

TheheadingCHAPTER1inallcapitalsiscenteredbetweenthetextmargins5cmfromthetopofthepage;thetitlegoestwospacesbelow.ThetextbeginsatleastthreespacesbelowascanbeseeninFigure9.

Inmanycases,themainbodyofthethesiswillincludecertainmaterialsotherthanordinarytext,suchasillustrations,formulas,quotations,footnotes,andendnotes.Insuchcases,thefollowingguidelinesshouldbeobserved.

3.2.1IllustrativeMaterialIllustrations includedrawings, charts, figures, tables, diagrams, plates andphotographs. Thesemaybeinsertedwherevertheauthorfeelsappropriate,butasageneralrule,shouldappearasnearaspossibletothepartofthetextrelatingthem.

Tablenumbersandcaptionsareplacedonespaceabovethetoplineoftheillustration;figurenumbersandcaptionsareplacedonespacebelowthelastlineorbottomoftheillustration.

Illustrationsofanykindmustbenumberedconsecutively.Thisincludesappendices,ifyouhavethem.Youmayfollowastraightsequence(1,2,3,etc.)orpreferablyuseadecimalapproach(1.1,1.2,1.3,..,A.1,A.2,wherethefirstdigitisthechapterorappendixnumber,andthedigitafterthedecimalpointistheillustrationnumber).

Illustrationsmayrunlongerthanonepage.Insuchcasesallsubsequentpagesoftheillustrationmustincludeatleasttheillustrationnumberandthenotationthatitiscontinued,e.g.,"Table1(cont.)"or"Table1(continued)."

Allheadingsandcaptionsmustbepreparedeitherinthesametypefaceandpointsizeusedforthetext,orinthesametypefaceandpointsizeaseveryotherheadingandcaption.Chooseapointsizethatcanbereadeasily,especiallyfortables.


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Illustrations of one-half page or less in length may appear on the same page with the text,separatedfromthetextaboveandbelowbytriplespacing;illustrationslongerthanone-halfpagearebetterplacedonaseparatesheet.

Illustrationsthataretoo largetobeplacedsidewaysbetweenthe left-andright-handmarginsshouldberotatedcounterclockwise90degreessothatthetopoftheillustrationrunsparalleltothe left-handmargin of the page. The caption or legend for such an illustrationmust also berotated.Whenillustrationsarepresentedinthismanner,theusualmarginrequirementsremainineffect,andpagenumbersshouldappearintheirnormalplace.

Colormay be used in figures and photographs only with prior permission from the GraduateSchool. Photographic illustrations must be originals or well-done photographic copies of theoriginals.Standardphotocopiesofphotographsarenotacceptable.Whereverrequired,mountingofillustrationsshouldbedonewithatechniquethatensuresdurableandgoodqualityresult(e.g.,drymounting).Withdrymounting,thepapertowhichphotographsareattachedwillnotcurl.

Othermethods,suchaslibrarypaste,rubbercement,spraymounting,ortape,arenotacceptable:suchmountingtechniquesarenotpermanent,andtheadhesivesusedwilleventuallydestroyboththepaperandthephotograph.Ifaudio-visualmaterial(e.g.,videotape,cassette,etc.)isneededtoaccompanyandsupplementthetext,itshouldbeadequatelydescribedwithinthecontinuityofthetext.SuchmaterialwillbesubmittedonlywiththeDepartmentalcopy.StoredinformationintheformofcomputerdiscswillbesubmittedonlywiththeDepartmentalcopy.

Computerprint-outsmustconformtothemarginspecifications,mustbedarkand legiblewithhighblackandwhitecontrast,andmustbecopiedonthesis-qualitypaper.

Authorsmaytreatoversizedmaterialsinoneofthefollowingthreeways:

•Captionsmaybeplacedonaseparatepage,facingtheillustration.Consequently,itistherightmarginofafacingpage,nottheleft,thatmustbeatleast4cmforbindingpurposes.Ifanoversizedillustrationisrotatedandthecaptionappearsonafacingpage,thecaptionmustalsoberotated.

•Anillustrationmaybephoto-reduced,butitspagenumberandcaptionmustbethesamesizeandtypefaceasintherestoftheillustrations.

•Anillustrationmaybefoldedandinsertedineitherofthefollowingways:

oFoldtheillustrationandinsertit inawhiteormanilaenvelopenolargerthan16.5by24cm,whichmay bemounted on paper of the properweight for inclusion in the thesis. Each pageenclosedintheenvelopemustbeincludedinthepaginationofthethesis;thepageonwhichtheenvelopeismountedshouldhaveasinglepagenumberorinclusivepagenumbers,asneeded,or,

oFoldtheillustrationandmountiton21by29.7cmsheet.


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3.2.2FormulasMathematicalandchemical formulas,equationsandexpressionsmaybeprinted,neatlyhand-lettered,orboth.Ifreferenceismadetothem,theymustcarrynumericalidentificationontherighthandsideoftheequation.Youmayfollowastraightsequence(1,2,3,etc.)orpreferablyusea decimal approach (1.1, 1.2, 1.3,.., A.1, A.2, where the first digit is the chapter or appendixnumber,andthedigitafterthedecimalpointistheequationnumber)foridentification

(Equation4)OR(Equation3.3)

3.2.3QuotationsShort,directprosequotationsofthreetypewrittenlinesorlessshouldbeincorporatedintothetext,enclosedindoublequotationmarks.Prosequotations,whichexceedthreelines,shouldbesetofffromthetextinsinglespacingandindentedinitsentiretyatleastfourspacesfromtheleftmargin,withnoquotationmarksatbeginningorend.

Quotationsofpoetrythataretwolinesorlongershouldnormallybesetofffromthetext,lineforlineasintheoriginalandcenteredbetweenthetextmarginswithoutquotationmarks.Quotationsofpoetrymaybe1,5orsingle-spaced,followingtheoriginalascloselyaspossible.

Segmentsofcomputerprogramsmaybetreatedasquotation.

3.2.4FootnotesandEndnotesNotesmaybeintheformoffootnotes,placedatthebottomofeachpage,orendnotes,placedattheendofeachchapterorattheendofthethesisbeforethebibliography.

Footnotingpracticesdifferwidelyamongpublications in the sciences, thehumanities,and thesocialsciences.Candidatesshouldconsultwiththeirdepartmentsregardingacceptedfootnotingpracticeintheirindividualdisciplines.

Themost commonmode of presentation for both footnotes and endnotes is to single-spacewithin,anddouble-spacebetween,eachlisting.Ifplacedatthebottomofeachpage,footnotesmustbeseparatedfromthetextbyacompletehorizontallineonespaceabovethefirstlineofthefootnote.

Arabicnumerals,asterisksorsmalllettersshouldbeusedforfootnotesandendnotes.Ineithercase,thelabelusedmayappeareitherabovethelineorinparenthesesevenwiththeline.

3.3TheReferenceMaterialThereferencematerialconsistsofabibliographyorreferences,whichisrequired,andappendices,whichareoptional.

3.3.1BibliographyorReferencesAbibliographyisaselectedlistofallbooks,articles,andothersourcematerialrelatedtothethesisresearchandisalwaysinalphabeticalorder,withtheauthor'slastnamefirst.


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Insomedisciplinesitiscustomarytolistallofthereferencesattheendofthethesisinasectionheaded"References,""ListofReferences,"or"LiteratureCited"insteadof"Bibliography."Oneoftheseheadingsshouldbeusedifthereferencesinthethesisarecitedbyyear,e.g.,Smith(1966),orbynumber,e.g.,Smith[3]or[3].Ifnumbersareused,thelistingshouldbeinnumericalorder,andtheauthor'slastnameneednotbefirst.

•Incertainscientificandengineeringdisciplines,thereferencesmaybegivenattheendofeachchapterinsteadofattheendofthethesis.

•Donotgivethebibliographyorreferencesachapternumber,butitmusthavepagenumberswritteninthesametypefaceandsizeusedforpaginationthroughoutthethesis.

• The heading BIBLIOGRAPHY or REFERENCES is centered between the text margins withoutpunctuation5cmfromthetopofthepage;thelistbeginsfourspacesbelow.

•Eachbibliographicentryshouldbesingle-spacedwithdoublespacingbetweenentries.

•Thecandidate'smajordepartmentshouldbeconsultedforareferencestylethatisappropriatetothedisciplineandacceptabletothedepartment.

3.3.2AppendicesSomeauthorsmaydesiretoincludecertainmaterialsofthethesisinanappendixratherthaninthemaintext.Forexample,anappendixmaycontaintestforms,detailedapparatusdescription,extensivetablesofrawdata,computerprograms,etc.

•Iftheinformationtobeappendedrequiresonlyoneappendix,theheadingAPPENDIXshouldappearcenteredbetweenthetextmargins5cmfromthetopofthepage.Thantheheadingoftheappendixappear2spacesbelow.Thanthetextbeginsthreespacesbelow.

• If the informationtobeappendedrequiresmorethanoneappendix,eachshouldbegivenaletter(AppendixA,AppendixB,etc.).TheheadingAPPENDICESshouldappearcenteredbetweenthetextmargins5cmfromthetopofthepage.ThanthesubheadingAPPENDIXAwithitstitleappeartwospacesbelow.Finallythetextbeginsthreespacesbelow.Forthelaterappendices(A;B,C..)at least2,5cmtopmarginshouldbe leavedandthetitleAPPENDIXBwith itsappendixshouldbeappeared.Thanthetextbeginsthreespacesbelow.

•Thetypefaceandsizeshouldbethoseusedforchaptertitles.

•Spacingneednotbethesameforeachoftheappendices.Documentsandcasestudiesmaybesingle-spaced,whereasspacingfortheexplanationsofmethodsandproceduresmaybesimilartothatofthetext.

•EachappendixwithitstitlemustbelistedseparatelyinthetableofcontentsasasubdivisionundertheheadingAPPENDICES.


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• All appendices must have page numbers written in the same typeface and size used forpaginationthroughoutthethesis.

•Ifanappendixcontainsphotocopiedmaterial,thephotocopiesshouldbeofletterquality.


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APPENDIXA:TITLEPAGETHETITLEOFTHETHESES

ATHESISSUBMITTEDTOTHESCHOOLOFELECTRICALENGINEERING

BY

YOURNAMEYOURSTUDENTID

INPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOFELECTRO-TELECOMMUNICATIONIN

THESCHOOLOFELECTRICALENGINEERING

AUGUST2014


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APPENDIXB:

APPROVALPAGE

Titleofthethesis

ThisThesisisapprovedandauthorizedtobefiledinTheGraduateProgramofElectricalEngineering,TheSchoolofElectricalEngieering,TelkomUniversity

By:

YournameYourStudentID

Date(DD/MM/YY)___________________________________

FirstSupervisor,

________________

(TitleandName)

SecondSupervisor,

________________

(TitleandName)


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APPENDIXC:SELFDECLARATIONAGAINSTPLAGIARISMI hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented inaccordancewithacademicrulesandethicalconduct.Ialsodeclarethat,asrequiredbytheserulesandconduct,Ihavefullycitedandreferencedallmaterialandresultsthatarenotoriginaltothiswok.

Date/Month/Year______________________________________

Name,Lastname:MartinAbadi

Signature:_________________

Date/Month/Year______________________________________

Name,LastnameofFirstSupervisor:

Signature:_________________

Date/Month/Year______________________________________

Name,LastnameofSecondSupervisor:

Signature:_________________


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APPENDIXD:ABSTRACTABSTRACT

Multi-pathisatechniquetoincreasethereliabilityoftheinternetconnectioninIPnetwork.TheimplementationofthistechniquecanbedescribedasahostwithtwoTCPpathsworktogether,whenoneofthemfailstheotherwillbackuptheconnection.SinceTCPdoesnotsupportmulti-homing,therighttermforthistechniqueismulti-path.Thefairnessproblemariseswhenmulti-pathhostusesthesamebottlenecklinkwithanothersingle-pathhost.Thisproblemcanbesolvedby scaling down each sub-flow on the multi-path by modifying the Congestion Control onWestwood+. This paper will design a Multi-path protocol which will use the same weighingmethod on BMC and a few modification on weight calculation by exploiting the BandwidthEstimation on Westwood+ congestion control, this multi-path protocol will be mentioned asNormalizeUniformHigh-Adaptability(NUHA)TCP.ThesimulationwillbeconductedonHSDPAairinterfacetorepresentthewirelessconditionusingnetworksimulator2.Theresultsshowthatthemulti-pathprotocolNUHATCPworkswellinhighlossnetworkwithoutviolatingthefairness.

Keywords:Westwood+,WirelessMulti-path,Fairness,CongestionControl


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APPENDIXE:DEDICATIONToMyParents

APPENDIXF:ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I express sincere appreciation to my supervisors Dr. Hendrawan and fazmah Arif MT for hisguidance and insight throughout the research. Thanks go to the other..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


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APPENDIXG:TABLEOFCONTENTSTABLEOFCONTENTS

ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................iv

ABSTRAK........................................…………………………………………......................................................v

DEDICATION..............................................................…………………………………………………………………..vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................................................................................vii

TABLEOFCONTENTS....................................................................................................................viii

LISTOFTABLES............................................................……………………………………………………………….ix

LISTOFFIGURES.............................................................……………………………………………………………...x

CHAPTER

1.INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................1

2.POLICYDIVERGENCEANDTRADITIONALRESEARCH..................................................................5

2.1BackgroundofaContrast:DivergenceofLong-TermCareOutputsinRural

andIndustrialStates.......................................................................................................................5

2.2TheContrastandItsCauses.....................................................................................................8

3.METHODOLOGY,RESEARCHPARADIGMS,ANDTHEANALYTIC

FRAMEWORKSGOVERNINGBASICASSUMPTIONS.....................................................................16

3.1RationalefortheResearchMethod...............................................................................16

3.2EmpiricalDataandTheirCollection.........................................…………………………….........18

3.3DataAnalyses...............................................................................................................23

3.3.1CurveFittingbyRegressionAnalysis...................................................…………………………...38

4.CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................................47

REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................51

APPENDICES

A.DATARELATIVETOCHAPTER1................................................................................................53

B.DATARELATIVETOCHAPTER3................................................................................................64


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APPENDIXH:LISTOFTABLESLISTOFTABLES

TABLE

Table 1.1 Peroxidase activity as BEP in leaves at three positions along the stems of ozone-fumigatedhybridpoplars...............................................................……………………………………………48

Table1.2Correlationcoefficientsbetweenperoxidaseactivityandozonedosesintop,middle,andbottomleavesofhybridpoplars...........................................................................................49

Table 2.1 Peroxidase activity as DEP in leaves at three positions along the stems of ozone-fumigatedhybridpoplars...............................................................…………………………………………...51

APPENDIXI:LISTOFFIGURESLISTOFFIGURES

Figure3.1Stippies(darkspots)onozone-fumigatedleaffromcloneNE-50.(Thesestippieswerenotproducedinanopen-toppedchamber.)Theywereproducedbyfumigatingadetachedleafwithozoneat260pphmfor60min........................................................................…………………..35

Figure10.5Flects(lightspots)onozonefumigatedleaffromcloneNE-207..............................40