+ UniKL MICET

FYP SEMINAR 2

THESIS FORMATTING

OCTOBER 2014

Prepared by:

KELLY YONG TAU LEN

29th October 2014

+ Agenda 1. Typing and Font

2. Margins

3. Spacing

4. Numbering Chapters and Sub-sections

5. Pagination

6. Tables

7. Figures

8. Equations and Formulae

9. Reference Style

2

+

Please refer and download from

UniKL MICET E-Learning homepage

(http://elearn.micet.unikl.edu.my/)

all the necessary guidelines & manuals.

3

4 Typing and Fonts

Paragraphs must be JUSTIFIED and use font Times

New Roman Size 12

+ Margins 5

For the entire thesis

including appendices, references,

preliminaries page, etc. the margins are:

Left (binding edge): 1.5 inch

Right: 1 inch

Top: 1 inch

Bottom: 1 inch

*There is 1 exception (2 inch margin for the

top of the 1st page of NEW CHAPTER)

6 Spacing

1. Spacing throughout thesis must be 1.5 line spacing. This

includes:

i. Spacing between title of sub-section and first line of

text.

ii. Spacing between paragraphs.

iii. Spacing between last line of text and a table, or a figure

or an illustration.

2. 2 x 1.5 line spacing is needed for these cases:

i. Spacing between chapter number and title.

ii. Spacing between title and first line of text.

iii. Spacing between last line of text with title of a

subsection.

7 Spacing 1. Number and title of sub-section should be aligned with the left

margin.

2. First line of paragraph should be indented by 0.5 inch from the

LEFT margin.

3. A new paragraph should NOT begin on the last line of a page

Start at

next page

First line: 0.5

inch indent

+ Example: Cover Page 8

1.5

inch

1

inch

1 inch

1 inch

4 x single line

spacing

10 x single line

spacing

20 x single

line spacing

4 x single line spacing

Title

Name

9 Example: Thesis Spine

AHMAD SAUFI MD YAAKOB UniKL 2008

0.1

inch

0.1

inch

Take note !

Correction from UniKL

Thesis Manual

Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Food)

Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Food

Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Polymer

Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Biosystem

Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Bioprocess

Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Environment

Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Process

10 Example: Front page

1.5

inch 1

inch

1 inch

1 inch

4 x single line

spacing

8 x single line

spacing

Title

Name

ID No

8 x single line

spacing

8 x single line

spacing

8 x single line

spacing

11 Example: Front page

A thesis submitted in partial

fulfilment of the requirements for

the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Chemical Engineering

Technology (Hons.) in Process

Take note !

Correction from UniKL

Thesis Manual

Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Food

Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Polymer

Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Biosystem

Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Bioprocess

Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Environment

Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Process

12 Example:

New

Chapter

(Take Note!)

1

inch

1 inch

1 inch

1 inch Note:

Exception

in margin!

First line:

0.5 inch

indent

2 x 1.5 line spacing

2 x 1.5 line spacing

1.5 line spacing

1.5 line spacing

2 x 1.5 line spacing

1.5

inch

13 Numbering Chapters and

Sub-sections

1. All chapters and sub-sections must be labeled

and numbered.

2. The chapters are numbered using Arabic numeric

(Chapter 1, Chapter 2, etc.)

3. Sub-sections NO NEED to be indented but must be

arranged NOT more than 4 levels:

2 First level (Title of the chapter)

2.1 Second level (Title of the sub-section)

2.1.1 Third level (Title of the sub-sub-section)

2.1.1.1 Fourth level (Title of the sub-sub-sub-

section)

14 Example:

New

Chapter

(Take Note!)

First level:

Chapter title

Second level:

Title of sub-section

Third level:

Title of sub-sub-section

15 Pagination: Preliminary Pages Page numbers should be printed at the RIGHT bottom of page

(footer)

Preliminary pages of a thesis, starting from title page should be

numbered using small letter Roman numeric (i, ii, iii..).

The first page should be the front page. This page should be

counted i but should NOT be printed.

+ Pagination: Preliminary pages 16

Counted as

i but NOT

printed

Front Page Preliminary Pages of

a Thesis

17 Pagination: Texts The texts should be numbered using Arabic numerals

(1,2,3).

The first page of text should be counted 1 but the number

should NOT be printed.

Similarly, the 1st page of all chapters should be counted but

NOT printed

18 Tables All tables must be numbered using Arabic numerals.

A caption should be positioned at the TOP of the table.

If caption is in a SINGLE line, it should be CENTRED. If

the caption more than a line, it should be ALIGN to

LEFT.

Table must be numbered with respect to the chapter.

For example, Table 3.5 is the 5th table that appears in

Chapter 3.

The caption Table and number must be in BOLD.

(Example: Table 4.1 Liquid constituents in LCMS)

Spacing between the last line of a text and a table or

table with the first line of text should be 1 x 1.5 line

spacing.

All tables must be listed in List of Tables page.

+ Example: Tables

19

>1 line:

Aligned to left

Single line:

Centred

1.5 line spacing

Remember: Table and

Number must be in Bold.

Example:

Table 4.1 Liquid constituents

quantified by HLC

20 Example:

List of

Tables

1.5

inch

1

inch

1 inch

1 inch

4 x single line

spacing

4 x single line

spacing

2 x single line

spacing

21 Figures

All figures must be numbered using Arabic numerals.

A caption should be positioned at the BOTTOM of the

figure.

If caption is in a SINGLE line, it should be CENTRED. If

the caption more than a line, it should be ALIGN to

LEFT.

Figures must be numbered with respect to the chapter.

For example, Fig. 3.5 is the 5th Figure that appears in

Chapter 3.

The caption Figure and number must be in BOLD.

(Example: Fig. 4.1 Liquid constituents in LCMS)

Spacing between the last line of a text and a figure

should be 1 x 1.5 line spacing.

All figures must be listed in List of Figures page.

+ Example:

Figures

22

1.5 line spacing

Remember: Fig. and Number

must be in Bold.

Example:

Fig. 4.1 Experimental

apparatus 1

>1 line:

Aligned to left

Single line:

Centred

23 Example:

List of

Figures

1.5

inch

1

inch

1 inch

1 inch

4 x single line

spacing

4 x single line

spacing

2 x single line

spacing

+ Equations and Formulae 24

Equations and formulae should be typed clearly

using appropriate Equation editor.

Must be numbered in order with respect to the

chapter.

For example Equation 6.11 is the 11th equation

appears in Chapter 6.

+ 25 Equation Editor

26 References

We are currently using APA (American

Psychological Association)

Referencing System.

Authors names are listed using

surname (Family name) followed by

initials.

We will focus on identifying surname

(family name) and also how to

reference journal articles, books and

online resources.

27 References: Journal Articles In journal articles, the given names will most commonly be written first,

followed by the family name (or surname). For example below, the surname

is Savage. This journal only has 1 author.

In text citation: Savage (1999) reported that Water near its critical point can serve as an

environmentally benign solvent, a reactant, and a catalyst in organic chemical reactions

OR

The ion product, or dissociation constant for water as it approaches the critical point, is

about 3 orders of magnitude higher than it is for ambient liquid water (Savage, 1999).

Reference List: Savage, P.E. (1999). Organic chemical reaction in supercritical water. Chem. Rev. 99,

603621.

28 References: Journal Articles For example below, the surnames are Xu and Lad. This journal has 2 authors.

In text citation: Xu and Lad (2008) concludes The yields of HO and WSO generally increased with

reaction time

OR

Their study established that Jack pine powder (with a caloric value of about

20 MJ/kg) was effectively upgraded into liquid organic products (Xu & Lad, 2008).

Reference List: Xu, C., & Lad, N. (2008). Production of heavy oils with high calorific values by direct

liquefaction of woody biomass in sub/near-critical water. Energy & Fuels. 22, 635642.

29 References: Journal Articles

For example below, this journal has more than 2 authors.

In text citation:

The study by Take et al. (2006) concludes The steam explosion at a steam pressure of

4.51MPa and a steaming time of 5 min was the optimal pretreatment method

OR

Their study established that the production of methane gas from wood chips was

significantly enhanced by the pretreatment methods (Take et al., 2006).

Reference List: Take, H., Andou, Y., Nakamura, Y., Kobayashi, F., Kurimoto, Y., & Kuwahara, M. (2006).

Production of methane gas from Japanese cedar chips treated by various delignification

methods. Biochemical engineering journals. 28, 3035.

30 References List: Book

Reference List: Felder, R.M., & Rousseau, R.W. (2000). Elementary Principles of Chemical

Processes. (3rd Edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

31 References List:

Article in a Book

Reference List: Matsumura, Y., & Yong, T.L.K. (2014). Production of chemicals in supercritical water. In

Fang, Z., & Xu, C.C. (Ed), Near-critical and supercritical water and their applications for

biorefineries. (pg. 427437). New York: Springer

32 References List: Source from Internet

Reference List: Sluiter, A., Hames, B., Ruiz, R., Scarlata, C., Sluiter, J. & Templeton, D. (2008).

Determination of ash in biomass. [Online]. [Accessed 28-10-2014]. Available from

world wide web: www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/42622.pdf.

(www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/42622.pdf).

33 Reference List

1.5

inch 1

inch

1 inch

Take note !

Addition to the

UniKL MICET Thesis

Manual

1 x 1.5 line spacing

2nd line:

0.5 inch

indent

References

listed based

on

alphabetical

order

34 Tips to manage references database

Suggestions:

Named the source file with the

name of the author(s) and title

+ Thank You

Good Luck!

35