thermophotovoltaic generation
TRANSCRIPT
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Thermophotovoltaic Generation
of Electricity
Joachim Luther
Fraunhofer Institute forSolar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg
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Principle of TPV generation of electricity
n1
emitter PV cellelectromagneticradiation
heat electricity
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50 Watt TPV system,
Paul Scherrer Institut
Source: Durisch, PSI, 2002
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Selected characteristics of TPV
no moving parts robust and reliable
radiation emitterand PV
at low distance
high power density
spectral shaping and
photon recycling
high PV efficiency
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Competing technologies I,
selected characteristics and efficiencies
+ long term experience today 10 % - 35 %
maintenance
power > 1KW
combustion engines
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Competing technologies II,
selected characteristics and efficiencies
+ simple, robust, reliable today 3 % - 5 %900 K 1200 K future 7 %
thermoelectrics
+ low operation temp. today 20 % - 30 %
special fuel future 50 % - 60 %
fuel cell systems
+ robust, reliable today 2 % - 3 %
1200 K 1700 K future 10 %
TPV (projected)
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Future markets for TPV,
3 examples
autonomous and auxiliaryenergy supply units
domestic cogeneration of heat and electricity,
autonomous systems (with respect toelectricity)
conversion of waste heat radiation inindustrial processes
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Principle of TPV generation of electricity
n1
emitter PV cellelectromagneticradiation
heat electricity
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Technological challenges of TPV
highly efficient fuel to radiation conversion,heat recuperation
photon management and spectral shaping,selective radiation emitters,
filters, reflectors
efficient PV conversion,low-bandgap cells, high power density
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Blackbody spectra and bandgap positions of PV cells
1200 K1500 K1700 K2000 K
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10
20
30
40
50
InSbInAsGaSbSi
wavelength [m]
radiant power density [W/cmm]
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Low bandgap cells for TPV,
examples
GaSb wafer cells, Zn diffusion
MOVPE grown cell structures onGaSb and InP,monolithic interconnected modules
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PV efficiency in TPV, blackbody radiation,
GaSb cells
cut-off at = 1800 nm
whole blackbody spectrum1100 1300 1500 1700900
5
10
15
20
25
30
35 efficiency [%]
temperature [K]
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Power density in TPV, emissivity of emitter 0.6,
GaSb cells
900 1100 1300 1500 1700
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5 power density [W/cm]
temperature [K]
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Infrared emitters for TPV
durable at high temperatures
optically selective with respectto E
gof PV cell
- suitable metals (with AR coatings)
- rare-earth oxides
- mechanically modified metal surfaces
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Mechanically structured tungsten emitter,
emissivity
structured
unstructured0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
wavelength [m]
emissivity
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Projected TPV system characteristics
fuel to radiation emitted 0.7
radiation emitted to radiationabsorbed in PV cells 0.8
radiation absorbed to electricity 0.25
electronics and peripherals 0.8
system efficiency 0.1
power density 1 W/cm
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This presentation:www.ise-solar.info
Next TPV conference:
June 14 16, Freiburg, Germany