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JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
Dr. Reinhart Radebold
in cooperation with Dr. Walter Radebold
fig. 1
Contact: RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroQuastenhornweg 14aD-14089 BerlinMail: [email protected]
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
Agenda:
1. How does the biological energy system works in view of thermodynamics?
2. Why did we start to understand the biological energy system?
3. What are the conclusions for establishing a bionic energy system?
fig. 2
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
a
BES (1) → TES → NES → ? → BES (2) → TBES
BES (1) : Biological Energy System - role for our life, now and in it`s past
TES : Technical Energy System - role for our life, thermodynamics
NES : Nuclear Energy System - terrestrial atoms for peace
? : Point of No Return
BES (2) : Biological Energy System - thermodynamic analysis
TBES : Technical - Biological Energy System - concept and results.
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
electro-magnetic fields
(Sucrose + H2O)+12O2
sources for exergy: solar nuclear fusion-reactions
ch-em
{C12H22O11 + H2O} + 12 3O2
sinks for exergy:organelles and organs
em-ch
ch-em
work + anergy produced
electro-magnetic fields
fig. 3.1
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JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
photosynthesis:= storage of electro-magnetic field exergy
in electro-magnetic-to-chemical converters
surcrose = final product of field exergy storage
respiration:= release of electromagnetic field exergy in
chemo-to-electro-magnetical converters
electro-magnetic fields
(Sucrose + H2O)+12O2
sources for exergy: solar nuclear fusion-reactions
ch-em
{C12H22O11 + H2O} + 12 3O2
sinks for exergy:organelles and organs
em-ch
ch-em
work + anergy produced
electro-magnetic fields
fig. 3.2
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
exergyThermal energy of a working fluid Twork = 2.5 * Tamb
Chemical energy of fossil reactants ∆G-T∆S(average)
Electro-magnetic field energy h*ν, U*I = 100% exergy
= 90% exergy
= 60% exergy
= 0% exergyThermal energy of the ambience Twork = Tamb anergy
Energy energy
fig. 4
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
acquisition of carriers of exergy from sources
internal distribution of exergy
conversion of exergy into forms as required
storage of carriers of exergy if possible
transfer of carriers of exergy to customers
work anergy
sources for exergy
sinks for exergy (converters of customers)
carrier of exergy
carrier of exergy
convertersof the given
energysystem
fig. 5
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
b
BES (1) → TES → NES → ? → BES (2) → TBES
BES (1) : Biological Energy System - role for our life, now and in it`s past
TES : Technical Energy System - role for our life, thermodynamics
NES : Nuclear Energy System - terrestrial atoms for peace
? : Point of No Return
BES (2) : Biological Energy System - thermodynamic analysis
TBES : Technical - Biological Energy System - concept and results.
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
fuels
electro-magnetic fields
(Sucrose + H2O)+12O2
sources for exergy: solar fusion-reactions
ch-em
{C12H22O11 + H2O} + 12 3O2
sinks for exergy
em-ch
ch-em
work + anergy produced
electro-magnetic fields
th-me
~20%
work + anergy produced
electro-magnetic fields
carrier: thermal energy
~80%
fuels
thermo-mechanical converters
coal, gas, oil
fig. 6
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
c
BES (1) → TES → NES → ? → BES (2) → TBES
BES (1) : Biological Energy System - role for our life, now and in it`s past
TES : Technical Energy System - role for our life, thermodynamics
NES : Nuclear Energy System - terrestrial atoms for peace
? : Point of No Return
BES (2) : Biological Energy System - thermodynamic analysis
TBES : Technical - Biological Energy System - concept and results.
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
solar fusion-reactions
th-me
terrestrial fission-reactions
sinks for exergy
electro-magnetic fields
(Sucrose + H2O)+12O2
ch-em
{C12H22O11 + H2O} + 12 3O2
em-ch
ch-em
work + anergy produced
electro-magnetic fields
thermal energy
electro-magnetic fields
work + anergy produced
fig. 7
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
Nuclear „MHD-Staustrahlrohr“ (MHD ram jet) for space applications (AEG)
fig. 8
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
Liquid-metal MHD-System (AEG):above: stator of inductive MHD-generatorbelow: thermodynamic drive for MHD-generator Heater to replace nuclear fission reactor
fig. 9
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
d
BES (1) → TES → NES → ? → BES (2) → TBES
BES (1) : Biological Energy System - role for our life, now and in it`s past
TES : Technical Energy System - role for our life, thermodynamics
NES : Nuclear Energy System - terrestrial atoms for peace
? : Point of No Return
BES (2) : Biological Energy System - thermodynamic analysis
TBES : Technical - Biological Energy System - concept and results.
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
solar fusion-reactions
terrestrial fission-reactions
sinks for exergy
electro-magnetic fields
(Sucrose + H2O)+12O2
ch-em
{C12H22O11 + H2O} + 12 3O2
em-ch
ch-em
work + anergy produced
electro-magnetic fields
thermal energy
electro-magnetic fields
work + anergy produced
th-em
{2 H2 + O2}
em-ch
ch-em
fig. 10
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
fig. 11
Assumptions :
Efficiency of nuclear power plant = 0,35
Efficiency of electrolysis = 0,65
Efficiency of 2 H2/O2 fuel cells = 0,65
Overall efficiency of a full nuclear thermal-electric system (withoutradio-active waste management and H2-logistics)
= 0,15
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
“Power and water from sun and sea“, Sinai (Red Sea) (own Company)
fig. 12
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
e
BES (1) → TES → NES → ? → BES (2) → TBES
BES (1) : Biological Energy System - role for our life, now and in it`s past
TES : Technical Energy System - role for our life, thermodynamics
NES : Nuclear Energy System - terrestrial atoms for peace
? : Point of No Return
BES (2) : Biological Energy System - thermodynamic analysis
TBES : Technical - Biological Energy System - concept and results.
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
3
electro-magnetic fields
work + anergy produced
electro-magnetic fields
1
2
1*
3*
2*
1*
3*
2*
{C12H22O11 + H2O} + 12 3O2
absorption
storage
logistics
absorption
release
logistics
sinks
sources for exergy: solar fusion-reactions
fig. 13
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
3
electro-magnetic fields
work + anergy produced
electro-magnetic fields
1
2
1*
3*
2*
1*
3*
2*
{C12H22O11 + H2O} + 12 3O2
8 5392 8465 693
5 6935 6935 693 2 846
5 6934 270
4 2705 693
5 693
1 423
product of storage
fluxes of exergy in kJ/mol formula conversion
sinks: organs + organelles
Sources for exergy: solar fusion-reactions
fig. 14
absorption
storage
logistics
absorption
release
logistics
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
f
BES (1) → TES → NES → ? → BES (2) → TBES
BES (1) : Biological Energy System - role for our life, now and in it`s past
TES : Technical Energy System - role for our life, thermodynamics
NES : Nuclear Energy System - terrestrial atoms for peace
? : Point of No Return
BES (2) : Biological Energy System - thermodynamic analysis
TBES : Technical - Biological Energy System - concept and results.
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
sources for exergy: solar fusion-reactions
3
electro-magnetic fields
work + anergy produced
electro-magnetic fields
1
2
1*
3*
2*
1*
3*
2*
{C12H22O11 + H2O} + 12 3O2
8 5392 8465 693
5 6935 6935 693 2 846
sinks: organs + organelles
5 6934 270
4 2705 693
5 693
1 423
product of storage
fluxes of exergy in kJ/mol formula conversion
10 674
10 674
10 674
10 674
12 (NH2)2 + 24 H2O2
consumer
fig. 15
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
fig. 16
Summary:
1. A bionic energy system does not need to transfer and distribute oxygen O in the gaseous state of O2 via the atmosphere like the biological energy system : In the contrary H2O2 as a primary liquid product of redox-reactions transfers electro-magnetic field exergy in combination with 2H.
2. Calculation of reaction data for the bionic system confirm the much higher flux of exergy, combined with an exergetic efficiency ϕ = 1,0 .
3. The bionic systems technical construction including (NH2)2 / 2 H2O2- chemo-electric converters (fuel cells) will lower the exergetic efficiency to about 0,7 (much higher than any the terrestrial nuclear system because of its limitations by the Carnot-factor).
4.The bionic energy system will be a modular, decentralized system, solving the CO2-problem as well as that of radio-active waste management.
JAEA Conference2014-10-09 - 2014-10-10
RADEBOLD IngenieurbüroBerlin / Germany
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
Thermodynamics of the Biological Energy System
Dr. Reinhart Radebold
in cooperation with Dr. Walter Radebold
Thank You for Your Attention!
fig. 17