thermal-fluids lab report - group 3

8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3

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Experiment 1: Thermal Efficiency Apparatus

Table 1 Data for Heat Engine

(Done By Tin Cheong Eng)

Table Calculation

Trial PH = VHX I H PW= VW2/ R TH

(K)

Tc(K)

T = TH-TC(K) THERMAL CARNOT

1 2!2 "!2#$"% #&% 2$' '$ "!$#&$ 21!#'"

2 1&!2 "!1"12% #1 2$% %& "!&2%"" 1&!22

# !$ "!"#%#$ #1' 2$2 #% "!#&1"" 11!"1 %!" "!"2#11 2 2$" 1 "!&22% &!#%%

% 1!$ "!""&$ 2$' 2' $ "!#$"2% 2!'$'



2/18

1! A*+,r +, .l, ,0,ri,3+4 ., r,ali5,6 +a+ +, +,ral ,**ici,3c7 THERMALi8 6ir,c+l7

rr+i3al + +, i3cr,a8, i3 +, PH a36PW 9al:,8! A8 +, PH a36 PW 9al:,8 i3cr,a8,84 +,

+,ral ,**ici,3c7 al8 i3cr,a8,8!

;a,


3/18

"i'en that Carnot Efficiency (maximum efficiency) (TH TC) * TH

(TH TC) i8 +, 6i**,r,3c, ,+.,,3 +, +,,ra+:r, * +, + 8i6, a36 +, cl6 8i6,

I* +, 3i3a+r * +, *r:la 6,cr,a8,8 +, a0i: ,**ici,3c7 .ill 6,cr,a8, a8 .,ll!

(Done By "ary Tan)

$!

TrialPH = VHX I

H

PW= VW2/

R TH(K) Tc(K)Rate of Change in

entrophy

1 2!2 "!2#$"% #&% 2$' "!"&%'

2 1&!2 "!1"12% #1 2$% "!"'1%

# !$ "!"#%#$ #1' 2$2 "!"#"'$

%!" "!"2#11 2 2$" "!"1&

% 1!$ "!""&$ 2$' 2' "!""&2

PH / TH PW/ Tc =*+ / *t

Br +, *i


4/18

Experiment : Confirming The Bernoulli E$uation

1! I6,3+i*7 +, # c36i+i38 i3 *l:i6 *l. 3,c,88ar7 *r ,r3:lliD8 E?:a+i3 + l6@

T, *l. * +, *l:i6 :8+ , 8+,a67!

T, *l:i6 :8+ , i39i8ci6!T, *l:i6 i8 i3cr,88il,!

(Done By "ary Tan)

2! A 8iri+ l,9,l i8 3,,6,6 i3 r6,r + 8,+ : +, ri< ri53+al + +, 76ra:lic ,3c i3

r6,r + aci,9, acc:ra+, r,8:l+! A8 i3 +, ,0,ri,3+4 +, 8iri+ l,9,l i8 alr,a67 a++ac,6 +

+, a8, la+, a36 7 a6:8+i3< +, a6:8+al, l,< * +, ri


5/18

Mi6-Val:,8

,+.,,3 T,8+ 1A36 T,8+ 2

1 2 # % & Ti, *r % li+,rcll,c+,6 (8,c)

;+a+ic H,a6

()21% 2"" 1'" 1%% 1" 1&" &

;+a


6/18

Accr6i3< + +, la. * c38,r9a+i3 * a++,r4 +, a88 *l. a+ a37 i3+ al3< +, +:,

:8+ , +, 8a,4 a36 +, 9,lci+7 a36 r,88:r, :8+ ca3


7/18

Experiment +: ,mpact of a -et

.1/ V1 = V24 +, a


8/18

22 "!"22 &" "!2 "!"""#&' '!2% %#!211 1!&2

2'!% "!"2'% &" "!# "!"""%$ !11$ $#!1# 2!#

#" "!"# &" "! "!"""%"" !' $!& #!2

##!% "!"##% &" "!% "!"""%%$ 11!1"$ 12#!#$1 !"%

I,pact of -et .pparat0 He,i0pherical Cp

o33le 4ia,eter5 6 (,)7 "!""$ .rea 5. (,2) 7 "!""""%"2'

Vol,eCollecte6

Ti,eRe8ire6

.pplie69a00

lo:rate

Velocity(Velocity) 2 .pplie6

orce

Vol! t , ;=Vol!/ t V1=; / . V12 W

litre0 ,# 0ec


9/18


./T, 6i**,r,3c, a7, 6:, + +, a88:+i3 +a+ +, *ric+i3 i8 + 8all + ,9,3

c38i6,r :+ *ric+i3 6,8 ,0i8+ 3 +, 8:r*ac, * +, la+,! ;,c36l74 .a+,r ,+ 9,lci+7 i8

c38i6,r,6 + , c38+a3+ a*+,r i+ l,a9,8 +, 355l, +ill i+ i+ +, la+,4 :+ 6:, + +,

,0i8+,3c, *


10/18

.3/ Ti8 6i*ica+i3 a7 , r, acc:ra+,4 :+ +, ,+,r4 B :8,6 i3 +i8 arra3, +, 6i*ica+i3 a8 8+a+,6 a9,4 +, 76ra:lic8 +,8+

,3c +a+ .,r, :8,6 i3 :r ,0,ri,3+ .ill 3l7 r,?:ir, :8 + 5,r +, 8iri+ l,9,l!

Experiment 0: 4ipe 5riction ,n'estigation

1! M,rc:r7 a3,+,r a8 lar


11/18

Pi, Ar,a4 A = 2!$2' X1"-%2

V,lci+74 = / A

Vl Vl Ti,

Bl.

Ra+, V,lci+7

H,a6

L88

H,a6

L88

L< L< :

V

4li+r,8 V 4# +48,c

4 0 1"-

#/ 8 : 4 / 8 H 4 H< 4 H2O

1" "!"1 2!2'2' $!"#$ "!12& 1!'1 "!2# "!"%

1" "!"1 #$! 2!&"2 !21" "!1&& 2!2& "!#% "!&

1" "!"1 ##!% 2!$%1 1"!%%$ "!2%# #! "!%#' 1!"2

1" "!"1 #1!% #!1'& 11!22$ "!2$# #!$% "!%$% 1!"%"

1" "!"1 2 #!$# 12!1& "!#2# !# "! 1!"$&

1" "!"1 2' #!'"#' 1#!" "!## !&& "!&& 1!11'


12/18


.//

Pi, Gia,+,r4 6 = "!""1'% Pi, Ar,a4 A = 2!"%# X1"-2

V,lci+74 = / A

Vl Vl Ti, Bl.

Ra+,

V,lci+7 H,a6

L88

L< L< :

V 4li+r,8 V 4# +48,c 4 0 1"-#/ 8 : 4 / 8 4 H2O

1" "!"1 21!2 !'1'" 1!&11 "!12% -"!"# 1!22

1" "!"1 1$ %!%%%& 2#!"' "!1'% -"!'%' 1!#&

1" "!"1 1#!$ '!2& #"!12' "!2'% -"!%&1 1!'

1" "!"1 12!# $!1#"1 ##!$"1 "!#2" -"!% 1!%2

1" "!"1 11 !"" #'!'& "!"% -"!## 1!%''

1" "!"1 1"!% !%2#$ #!%% "!" -"!#%' 1!%$


13/18


./+/

Pi, Gia,+,r4 6 = "!""&

3 = l< / l< :

"!2%$

"!#&'

"!%2

"!%%'

"!%2

"!%


14/18

Pi, Gia,+,r4 6 = "!""1'%

(Done By E!!ie)

./0/

Re = pvd/u

P = li6 6en0ity(1000*0.006*8.038)/0.001 =48228

V = li6 elocity(1000*0.006*13.099)/0.001= 78594

4 = 4ia,eter of pipe(1000*0.0175*1.961)/0.001= 34317.5

> = .?0olte i0co0ity(1000*0.0175*3.960)/0.001= 69300

Tran0itional flo:7 2""" @ Re @ """

Pipe flow is fully turbulent.

(Done By Beng)

Experiment : 7echanical E$ui'alent of Heat

a! Tal, * R,8:l+8

R,9l:+i3 C:3+,r

r,a6i3

thermal-fluids lab report - group 3

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