“There is no such thing as an unmanned system”

David BellinoBellinoDS@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil

Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Newport RI

April 2005

• Placing Sailors at the heart and the start of every new system, certifying that Sailor performance fully informs system design at the earliest stages of acquisition

• Fundamental objective of HSI is to influence system design and engineering

• Focus on safety, performance, and interactions of humans with the equipment that they operate and maintain.

• Ensures that the resulting system will have the highest and safest performance at the lowest total ownership cost (TOC)

• Focus on people/KSA as an essential element of systems design

Sponsor NAVSEA03:

Systems engineering discipline dedicated to providing Navy systems with the best total system performance at the lowest total ownership cost (TOC).

HSI Approach to Total Systems Engineering

Requirements Generation

• CONOPS

• ICD

• CDD

• CPD

Design Synthesis

• Maintenance

• Disposal

• Spiral Development

• Modernization

Total System

• Test

• Evaluation

• Certification

Requirements Analysis

Top Down Functional Analysis(Hardware/Software/People)

• Optimal Manning Analysis/Modeling

• Human Performance Metrics Generation

• Skill Objects Standards Development

Implementation

SEA SEA WarriorWarrior

System Development

Common Common Standards, Standards,

Procedures, Procedures, and Toolsand Tools

Human Factors

EngineeringManpower Personnel Training Habitability Survivability

Environment, Safety and

Occupational Health

Human Performance

Human Interfaces

Human Error Avoidance

Top Down Analysis

Design for Usability

Design for Maintainability

Workload

Wartime Requirements (Quality/Quantity)

Peacetime Requirements (Quality/Quantity)

Officer, Enlisted and CivilianForce Structure

Operating Strength

Personnel Classification

Selection

Recruiting

Retention

Career Progression

Skill Mix

Special Skills

Occupational Standards

Distribution

Manning Concepts

Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes

Initial SkillSkill Progression

FunctionalIndividual and TeamTraining Concepts

Initial & Follow-onDelivery Systems

Organic Training

Embedded Training

Distance Learning

Virtual Environment

Intelligent Tutoring

Quality of Life

Quality of Work

Environmental

Limits and Controls

Personnel Services

Anti-Fratricide

Personnel Protection

Damage Control

Performance

Effects of Ensembles

Accident Avoidance

Safety Hazard Avoidance

Health Hazard Avoidance

Risk Mitigation

Medical

7 Pillars of Human Systems Integration

ConceptRefinement

TechnologyDevelopment

System DevelopmentAnd Demonstration

Production andDeployment

Operations andSupport

Pre-Systems Acquisition Systems Acquisition Sustainment

A B C IOC FOC

DoD 5000 and HSI Product Sets

Mission DecompositionFunctional DecompositionsTop Down Functional AnalysesAlternative Manning StrategiesUser-Centered Concepts of OperationTraining Concepts of OperationDisplay and Control GuidelinesDisplay and Control Reference ModelHSI Performance MetricsHSI Requirements

Requirements ReviewsHSI Plan Review/AcceptanceQuantitative RequirementsPerformance MetricsHSI DocumentationHSI Design Review/CertificationUsability Test Plans/TestingTest Plan Reviews

HSI Software DevelopmentHSI Software ValidationHSI Software VerificationTestingTraining System/Documentation ReviewMaintainability Validation

EC Concept PaperCPCR ReviewECP Review

Concept Refinement EvolutionTask AnalysesFunctional AllocationManning AnalysesWorkload AnalysesTeam and Individual ReqtsPersonnel Skill ReqtsTraining Reqts AnalysisTraining System Reqmts

Requirements ElicitationFleet Feedback AnalysisMPT Effectiveness

HSI Test BedDisplay PrototypingUser Interface HardwareControlsHuman Performance ModelingExperimental Design Technology Demonstrations

Navy Program Manager’s HSI Guide

• Conducting top down requirements analysis (TDRA) early in system design

• Identifying deficiencies and lessons learned in baseline comparison systems

• Applying simulation and prototyping early in system development

• Defining the roles of humans in system operations and maintenance early in system design

• Applying human-centered design (HCD) throughout the development

• Applying human-centered test and evaluation

• Enhance human performance, specifically situational awareness and decision making

HSI Domain Experts Acquisition Support Technical Input Experimentation Facilities TDRA HP-Metrics Studies M&S Game-based learning Training Web Technologies

The CARUSO Program Structure and Relationships

Unmanned Systems Domain Experts Systems Engineering CONOPS Modeling & Simulation Lessons Learned

CARUSO

Programs

Acquisition Liaison

CARUSO Objectives

• Provide guidance and support unmanned systems programs

• Focus on exploration of tomorrow's technology to enhance human performance.

• Influence systems engineering and equipment design to achieve effective user-

system interaction.

• Explore human media technologies, human machine interactions / interfaces.

• Develop metrics, human performance, cost benefits, studies, evaluation etc.

• Conduct psychological and behavioral Human Factors Studies.

• Assess impact on training and standardization.

• Develop, demonstrate, and make available tools and methods to support HSI.

• Document and publish research results.

Community of Interest

CARUSO Program Management

Technology Transition &Gov’t Acquisition Program Liaison

Products & StudiesHSI acquisition roadmap UUV MP TDRA Technology Baseline Human Performance Workflow Modeling Processes Metrics Experiment

Technology Focus Areas:Modeling, Simulation & VisualizationNet-Ready KPP/Web TechnologiesCommon interface & displaysUV C2/Mission PlanningUV Data Analysis Tools & MethodsPost-mission AnalysisTraining/Game-based Learning

Applied Research Core

AcquisitionPrograms

HSPAC

Navy Human Performance CapabilityMetrics/Standards/BaselineData RepositoryLab connectivityToolsSME

KnowledgeRepository

The Approach

CARUSO ’05 Tasks/Deliverables

• UUV Domain

– TDRA for NAVY UUV Master Plan, reduced scope

– Feed UUV program HSI product sets

– Begin to build HSI strategy and product set repository for future UUV programs

– Net-ready Mission Planning/Tasking prototype for AUVFest

– HSI Modeling & Simulation framework for UUV operations

• USV Domain– Develop demonstration of multi-user USV operational simulation to be used for COOPEX,

man-in-the loop experimentation, skills assessment and manning analysis

• R&D– Context-adaptive Interface Design for potential applications in concert with the Common

Presentation Layer (CPL)

– CAD re-usability for downstream training web applications and distance support

– 3D data visualization techniques for maritime applications

End-to-end Human Systems Integration Warfighting Capability for Unmanned Systems

Focus support for UUV and USV programs

CONOPS

MISSION TACSIT

Operational WorkflowProcess Model

Emphasizing Commonality in Unmanned Systems Development

Information

Data

Knowledge

Interface

Smart Interface ObjectsHuman ProcessRequirements

Joint Operations

Common Presentation

Layer

OSTCOSTCOCEAN STATE TECHNOLOGY CorpOCEAN STATE TECHNOLOGY Corp

..

20052005CARUSO TEAMCARUSO TEAM

Government, Industry & Academia Team

Contacts

• David Bellino BellinoDS@Npt.NUWC.Navy.MilNaval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Newport RI

• Steve Swenson Steve04@ostcri.comOcean State Technology Corporation (OSTC)Newport RI