theories of myth. myth myth: type of non-historical traditional tale myths must be good enough to...
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Theories of Myth
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MYTH
• Myth: type of non-historical traditional tale
• Myths must be good enough to become traditional, worth memorizing & passing down from generation to generation
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Myth Transmission
• Narrative force/charm• Functional relevance
– Explanation– Palliation– INSTITUTION– emotion
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Who decides what myths to pass on?
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Interested Parts of Community?
• Adult Males?• Rich & Powerful?• Ruling Body?• Religious Hierarchy?
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Myths for the Individual
• Focus on Individual• Acceptance by Community acting
as Individuals (Freudian Wish-Fulfillment)
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Purposes of Myth?
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Purposes of Myth?
• Entertainment• Communication• Instruction
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Types of Myth
• Cosmogony• Theogony• Metamorphosis• Aetiology • Hero Stories
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Global Themes of Myth
1) Historians of Religion2) Antirationalists
AllegoricistsPsychologists (Freud, Jung)
3) AnthropologistsMythopoeicists (Levi-Bruhl, Biblical
Scholars)Structuralists (Levi-Strauss)
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Historians of Religion
• Cambridge School• French
Sociologists• Myth closely
dependent on Ritual
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Allegoricists
• Myth as allegory of nature or meteorological events
• Myth as primitive science; religious or magical vs. scientific explanation
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Psychologists: Sigmund Freud
• Dream Symbols• Myth<=>Dreams• Myth as waking
person’s attempt to systematize incoherent visions and impulses of sleep world
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Wish fulfillment
• Imagination of children, neurotics, primitive tribes
• Oedipus Complex• Son kills Father to
possess Mother• Guilt & Sin• God as Father to be
appeased
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Psychologists: Jung
• Myth as projection of the collective unconscious of the race
• Unconscious symbols upon which society is based
• Symbols as categorization of roles
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Symbols as Categorization of Roles
• Gender Roles– Man– Woman– Great Mother
• Age Roles– Wise old man
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Anthropologists: Lucien Levi-Bruhl
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Anthropologists: Lucien Levi-Bruhl
• Mythopoeic
• expressive, poetic & mystical
• active participation with phenomena
• anti-empirical
Modern
• logical & rational
• explanation of phenomena
• empirical
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Anthroplogists: Claude Levi-Strauss
• Myth like language• Meaning from relationship between elements
• Similar relationships outside myth?
• Paired oppositions• Myth as logical model
mediating between opposites
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Valentine’s Day is for Lovers
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Eros/Amor/Cupid
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Venus and Adonis
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Death of Adonis
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