theories of gnc

8/9/2019 Theories of GnC

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NUR NASHRAH BINTI MOHD ZAINOL

Human Nature based on Carl Rogers Theory

MacMillan Online Dictionary (2009-201! "e#ne$ %&'an nat're) a$ t&e

attit'"e$* +eelin,$* an" reaction$ t&at are tyical o+ o$t eole. T&i$ "e#nition

$&o/$ t&at &'an are a"e ' attit'"e$* +eelin,$ an" reaction$. In I$la* t&ero&et (allallhu `alayhi wa-sallam! $ai"* Man is born with a perfectly sound

nature (rah), just as a baby animal is born to its parents, fully formed without

any defect to its ears, eyes or any other oran! . Hence* t&e attit'"e$* +eelin,$

an" reaction$ are eleent$ t&at are not 'il"-in er$onality 't are n'rt're" y

t&e $'rro'n"in, +actor$ a$ $tate" in t&e 3arl Ro,er$) t&eory.

3arl Ro,er$ roo$e" t&at +or a er$on to 4,ro/4* t&ey nee" an

en5ironent t&at ro5i"e$ t&e /it& ,en'inene$$ (oenne$$ an" $el+-

"i$clo$'re!* accetance (ein, $een /it& 'ncon"itional o$iti5e re,ar"!* an"

eat&y (ein, li$tene" to an" 'n"er$too"!. Ro,er$ elie5e" t&at e5ery er$on

can ac&ie5e t&eir ,oal$* /i$&e$ an" "e$ire$ in li+e. 6&en* or rat&er i+ t&ey "i"

$o* self actualizationtoo7 lace. T&i$ /a$ one o+ 3arl Ro,er$ o$t iortant

contri'tion$ to $yc&olo,y an" +or a er$on to reac& t&eir otential a n'er o+

+actor$ '$t e $ati$#e".

3arl Ro,er$ (199! elie5e" t&at &'an$ &a5e one a$ic oti5e* t&at i$

t&e ten"ency to $el+-act'ali8e - i.e. to +'l#l one$ otential an" ac&ie5e t&e

&i,&e$t le5el o+ &'an-ein,ne$$ /e can. Li7e a tree t&at /ill ,ro/ to it$ +'ll

otential i+ t&e con"ition$ are ri,&t* 't /&ic& i$ con$traine" y it$ en5ironent*

$o eole /ill o'ri$& an" reac& t&eir otential i+ t&eir en5ironent i$ ,oo"

eno',&. Ho/e5er* &e al$o elie5e" t&at &'an are orn /it& creati5ity /&ere /e

can 't an e:ort to ac&ie5e o'r $el+ act'ali$ation. 3arl Ro,er$ "ee t&at +or a

er$on to ac&ie5e $el+-act'ali8ation t&ey '$t e in a $tate o+ con,r'ence. T&i$

ean$ t&at $el+-act'ali8ation occ'r$ /&en a er$on)$ ;i"eal $el+< (i.e. /&o t&ey/o'l" li7e to e! i$ con,r'ent /it& t&eir act'al e&a5ior ($el+-ia,e!.

Other than that, he viewed human as having basic needs such as self-worth. For

Carl Rogers (1959) a person who has high self-worth, that is, has confidence and

positive feelings about him or she, faces challenges in life, accepts failure and

unhappiness at times, and is open with people. In contrast, a person with low self-worth

may avoid challenges in life, not accept that life can be painful and unhappy at times,

and will be defensive and guarded with other people.


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To conclude, Rogers' theory and work is very simple to describe. Human nature is

portrayed as having high potential to be in good condition when it is flourished with

warmth relationship and excellent self-portrayal.

Human Nature based on Humanism Theory

H'ani$tic $yc&olo,y i$ a $yc&olo,ical er$ecti5e t&at e&a$i8e$ t&e

$t'"y o+ t&e /&ole er$on (7no/ a$ &oli$!. H'ani$tic $yc&olo,i$t$ loo7 at

&'an e&a5io'r not only t&ro',& t&e eye$ o+ t&e o$er5er* 't t&ro',& t&e

eye$ o+ t&e er$on "oin, t&e e&a5in,. T/o o+ t&e o$t in'ential an" en"'rin,

t&eorie$ in &'ani$tic $yc&olo,y t&at eer,e" in t&e 190$ an" 19=0$ are

t&o$e o+ 3arl Ro,er$an" Ara&a Ma$lo/.

H'ani$tic $yc&olo,i$t$ elie5e t&at an in"i5i"'al$ e&a5io'r i$

connecte" to &i$ inner +eelin,$ an" $el+-ia,e. T&e &'ani$tic er$ecti5e

centre$ on t&e 5ie/ t&at eac& er$on i$ 'ni>'e an" in"i5i"'al an" &a$ t&e +ree

/ill to c&an,e at any tie in &i$ or &er li5e$. T&e &'ani$tic er$ecti5e

$',,e$t$ t&at /e are eac& re$on$ile +or o'r o/n &aine$$ an" /ell-ein, a$

&'an$. 6e &a5e t&e innate (i.e. inorn! caacity +or $el+-act'ali8ation /&ic& i$o'r 'ni>'e "e$ire to ac&ie5e o'r &i,&e$t otential a$ eole.

In +'rt&er "i$c'$$ion* $el+-act'ali8e" eole are t&o$e /&o /ere +'l#lle"

an" "oin, all t&ey /ere caale o+. T&e ,ro/t& o+ $el+-act'ali8ation (Ma$lo/*

19=2! re+er$ to t&e nee" +or er$onal ,ro/t& an" "i$co5ery t&at i$ re$ent

t&ro',&o't a er$on)$ li+e. ?or Ma$lo/* a er$on i$ al/ay$ ecoin, an" ne5er

reain$ $tatic in t&e$e ter$. In $el+-act'ali8ation a er$on coe$ to #n" a

eanin, to li+e t&at i$ iortant to t&e.

In a""ition* Ma$lo/ 5ie/e" $el+-act'ali8er$ a$ $'ree ac&ie5er$ in t&e

&'an race. He +o'n" t&at any o+ t&e$e eole $&are" certain er$onality

trait$. Mo$t $el+-act'ali8er$ &a" a ,reat $en$e o+ a/arene$$* aintainin, a near-

con$tant en@oyent an" a/e o+ li+e. T&ey o+ten "e$crie" ea7 eerience$

"'rin, /&ic& t&ey +elt $'c& an inten$e "e,ree o+ $ati$+action t&at t&ey $eee" to

tran$cen" t&e$el5e$. T&ey acti5ely en,a,e" in acti5itie$ t&at /o'l" rin, ao't

t&i$ +eelin, o+ 'nity an" eanin,+'lne$$. In ot&er /or"$* t&e$e eole are 5ery

otii$tic in e5ery $in,le t&in, t&ey are "oin,.
http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.htmlhttp://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.htmlhttp://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.htmlhttp://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html


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La$t 't not lea$t* &e elie5e" t&at eole o$$e$$ a $et o+ oti5ation

$y$te$ 'nrelate" to re/ar"$ or 'ncon$cio'$ "e$ire$. Ma$lo/ (19C! $tate" t&at

eole are oti5ate" to ac&ie5e certain nee"$. 6&en one nee" i$ +'l#lle" a

er$on $ee7$ to +'l#l t&e net one* an" $o on. T&i$ &ierarc&y o+ nee"$ can e

"i5i"e" into a$ic (or "e#ciency! nee"$ (e.,. &y$iolo,ical* $a+ety* lo5e* an"

e$tee! an" ,ro/t& nee"$ ($el+-act'ali8ation!. T&e "e#ciency or a$ic nee"$ are

$ai" to oti5ate eole /&en t&ey are 'net. Al$o* t&e nee" to +'l#l $'c& nee"$

/ill ecoe $tron,er t&e lon,er t&e "'ration t&ey are "enie". ?or eale* t&e

lon,er a er$on ,oe$ /it&o't +oo" t&e ore &'n,ry t&ey /ill ecoe. T&'$* a$

one ac>'ire$ an" +'l#l$ a nee"* &e$&e can an" /ill a"5ance to t&e net le5el*

an" t&i$ roce$$ i$ contin'e" t&ro',&o't t&e li+e$an.

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