theoretical physics
DESCRIPTION
Theoretical physics. Eric Laenen. NIKHEF and Utrecht University. Dutch theory groups. Groningen U. U. of Amsterdam. Free U., Amsterdam. Free U. of Amsterdam. Utrecht U. NIKHEF. Radboud (Nijmegen) U. Leiden U. Utrecht U. Groningen (RuG) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Fri. Sept. 23, 2005 RECFA at NIKHEF 1
Theoretical physics
Eric Laenen
NIKHEF and Utrecht University
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Dutch theory groups
Free U. of AmsterdamUtrecht U.
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U. of Amsterdam
Free U., Amsterdam
NIKHEF
Leiden U.
Radboud (Nijmegen) U.
Groningen U.
Utrecht U.
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Groningen (RuG)M. de Roo [Strings & quantum gravity]E. Bergshoeff [Strings & quantum gravity]E. Pallante [Lattice field theory][50%]
6 Ph.D.’s, 1 Postdoc8 papers in 04
Funding: RuG, FOM, EU networks, INTAS, Nordic Network
Collaborations: KVI, Utrecht, Cambridge, Kings’s Coll, Brussels, Leuven, Stanford
Noteworthy:Pallante starts particle/latticgroup, using
LOFAR BlueGene/L computerString theory cosmology focus
Groningen (KVI)R. Timmermans [Baryon interactions, chiral PT,
Atomic P violation]
O. Scholten [Nucl. Phys., HE Cosmic rays]
2 Ph.D, 1 Postdoc
11 papers in 04
Funding: FOM, RuG, EU networks
Collaborations: VU, Nijmegen, Gent, Osaka,..
Noteworthy:
Workshops at Trento, Seattle
Close contact with TRImP, GSI
More ambitions towards astroparticle physics
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Fri. Sept. 23, 2005 RECFA at NIKHEF 4
Free University (VU) AmsterdamP. Mulders [QCD spin ph., proton structure]
D. Boer [QCD spin ph., phase structure]
B. Bakker [Lightfront field th., hadr. Struct.]
[40 %]
3 to 4 Ph.D.’s, 1 to 2 Postdocs
8 papers in 04
Funding: VU, FOM, EU
Collaborations: KVI, Torino, Regensburg, BNL, Imperial, Heidelberg
Noteworthy:
Joint theory Master’s program with UvA
Good contacts with NIKHEF theory, VU Exp. (Babar/LHCb,HERMES, LISA)
Leiden UniversityA. Achucarro [Topological/NP field theory and
cosmology]
P. van Baal [NP Yang-Mills, lattice, HiSparc]
W. Van Neerven [pert. QCD at colliders]
Lorentz professor [Susskind, Wilczek, Kadanoff]
[30%]
3 to 5 Ph.D’s, 3 to 4 Postdocs
19 papers in 04
Funding: UL, FOM, NOW, EU-RTN, ESF, other countries
Collaborations: NIKHEF, Cambridge, Sussex, Berkeley, Madrid, Trinity, Princeton
Noteworthy:
Workshops at Lorentz Center
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Fri. Sept. 23, 2005 RECFA at NIKHEF 5
UtrechtG. ‘t Hooft [quantum physics]B. de Wit [strings & quantum gravity]R. Loll [quantum gravity]J. Ambjorn [quantum gravity]T. Prokopec [cosmology]G. Aryutanov [strings & quantum gravity ]S. Vandoren [strings & quantum gravity]K. Peeters (‘06) [strings & quantum gravity]Kramers professor [Ashtekar,..]
[60%]
7 Ph.D’s, 7 Postdocs33 papers in 04
Funding: UU, FOM, NWO, KNAW, EU, INTAS
Collaborations: UvA, Groningen, many abroad
Noteworthy:Summer school, well-attended Master’s
program
Nijmegen (Radboud U.)R. Kleiss [collider physics, QFT methods]
W. Beenakker [(B)SM at colliders, EW]
T. Rijken [Baryon interactions]
3 Ph.D.’s
8 papers
Funding: RU, FOM, EU
Collaborations: Athens, DESY, PSI, Osaka
Noteworthy:
Good contacts with NIKHEF theory, and Nijmegen HEP [ATLAS/D0] and PA [HiSParc/NAHSA]
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University of Amsterdam (UvA)R, Dijkgraaf [Strings & quant. gravity, math.]J. de Boer [Strings & quant. gravity]E. Verlinde [Strings & quant. Gravity]F..Bais [Strings & topol. FT]J. Smit [Lattice FT, cosmology]K. Skenderis [Strings & quant. Gravity]M. Taylor-Robinson [Strings & quant. Gravity]K. Schalm [Strings & quant. Gravity]C. van Weert [Thermal field theory][50%]
10 Ph.D.’s, 7 Postdocs36 papers in 04
Funding: UvA, FOM, NWO, EUCollaborations: UU,NIKHEF,NBI, Harvard,
CERN, Princeton, Caltech,…
Noteworthy:Spinoza prize for Dijkgraaf; Highly acclaimed annual summer workshop
on StringsOutreach
NIKHEFJ. Koch [Fin. T. lattice QCD, RHIC phys.]
B. Schellekens [Strings & quant. gravity]
J.W. van Holten [SUSY, Cosmol., HiSPARC]
J. Vemaseren [high order pQCD, FORM]
E. Laenen [pert. QCD, heavy quark physics]
5 Ph.D’s, 2 Postdocs
13 papers in 04
Funding: FOM, UvA, UU
Collaborations: DESY, Durham, Bielefeld, CERN, Torino,Chennai,Madrid
Noteworthy:
Host of National Seminar
Close contact with NIKHEF experiments
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Fri. Sept. 23, 2005 RECFA at NIKHEF 7
Nikhef theory group
Activities• Pursuit of active, wide-ranging research program• Close interaction with NIKHEF experiments (analyses, Ph.D.’s, ICHEP’02, topical lectures)• Introduce new theoretical developments to NIKHEF• Training Master’s, Ph.D. students and postdocs• Members have professorships at 4 Universities teaching / exposing students to NIKHEF research
Future funding• New FOM program with University groups (2007 ?)• EU-RTN networks, NWO, small FOM grants…
Special expertise: FORM (Jos Vermaseren)
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Permanent staff/topic in 5 years from now
Strings & quantum gravity [14]
Groningen (2)
Utrecht (5)
U. of Amsterdam (6)
NIKHEF (1)
Lattice & non-pert. FT [4]
Groningen (1)
KVI-Groningen (2)
Leiden (1)
Cosmology & PA [3]
Leiden (1)
Utrecht (1)
NIKHEF (1)
High-energy collider physics [6]
NIKHEF (2)
Nijmegen (2)
Free U. (2)
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Theory Ph.D students and postdocs
Ph.D. students• Total: 40-50, more than half from NL• 60% continue to postdocs• Education through Dutch Research School for
Theoretical Physics
Postdocs• About 20-25• Mostly non-Dutch
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Sept. 23, 2005 Theoretical physics 10
Dutch Research School for Theoretical Physics
• Offers joint program for education of TH Ph.D. students at 6 universities + NIKHEF via advanced courses
• Two themes: 1. Quantum Field Theory and Elementary Particles 2. Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics• Organizes biannual 2-day symposium with both themes• Organizes yearly Winter Schools in Nijmegen. 2 weeks, 4 lecturers, 25-30 1st & 2nd year Ph.D. students. E.g.
2005:
G. ‘t Hooft: Advanced quantum field theoryE. Verlinde: String theory and black holesS. Weinzierl: Methods in higher order perturbation theoryT. Prokopec: Cosmology
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Key research topicsStrings & quantum gravityHolography/AdS-CFTBlack hole entropyTopological stringsStandard Model from stringsString cosmology
Lattice & non-pert. field theory
CaloronsFinite T latticeLight-front and effective theories
Cosmology & PABaryogenesis
Domain walls
Cosmic scalar fieds
High-energy collider physics Higgs + t-tbar production
Jet production
Color glass
Spin physics
Resummation, top quark physics
on latticeI 1
2, '/
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Theory and Experiment
QCD - ATLAS/D0, HERAStructure functions(Next-to-leading order) Monte Carlo’sJet physicsResummation
EW - LHC, ILC, LEPRadiative correctionsTop quark physicsHiggs physics
PA - Antares/KM3NetCosmic neutrinosGravitational wavesCosmic Rays
Spin - Hermes/CompassTransversitySpin structure functions
Heavy Ions - Alice/STARFinite T latticeColor glass condensate
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Two physics topics
1. Quantum gravity via causal dynamical triangulations [Loll, Ambjorn, ..] (Utrecht)
2. 3-loop QCD splitting functions [Vermaseren, Moch, Vogt] (NIKHEF)
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The Universe from Scratch[Loll, Jurkiewicz, Ambjorn]
• Minimalist approach to quantum gravity• No strings etc assumed
Premise• At very short distances, spacetime fluctuates wildly• No background spacetime; “the stage itself becomes actor”
Sanity conditions• Wild geometries at short distance ok• Einstein GR at larger distance
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Tools: Path Integral
Path integral
Z(gi ,g f ) eiSgravity ( path)
paths (i f )
• Genuinely non-perturbative• Most paths very weird• Magic of PI: true quantum physics due to superposition• Sum over suitable class of geometries• Sum eventually done on computer
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Tools: Triangulation of spacetimeRepresent each spacetime in sum by piecewise flat geometries
Curvature located at vertices
Triangles • Edges all common length• Sum over gluings 4-simplices
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Inputs
Sgravity 1
GNCurvature(T ) Volume(T )
Usual Euclidean version produced weirdspacetimes, with strange (Hausdorff) dimensions. Dimensionis dynamical quantity!
eiS e S
Key condition: causal dynamicaltriangulations (microcausality)!
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ResultsDimension of spacetime• Hausdorff dimension: 4!• Dimension (diffusion) at large scale• Dimension at short distance• Glimpse of spacetime near Planck length?
Quantum cosmologyScale factor a(t) of UniverseCDT allows expansion
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Second order parton evolution kernels[Vermaseren, Moch, Vogt]
• Opens gate to 2nd order perturbation theory at LHC• Marvellous computer algebra tool: FORM • 3-loop QCD. “Calculation of the decade”
Quick acclaim:
• 200 citations after 1.5 year• selected Top Article in Nuclear Physics
Earlier, the 4-loop QCD function..
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1, 2, 3 & 4-loop calculators
FORMauthor
# colors in QCD (strong interaction)(3: “red”, “green” & “blue”)
# quark flavors(6: u-, d-, c-, s-, t- & b-quarks)
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Hadronic cross sections and pQCD
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theor PDF(x1, x2 ) hardTheoretical cross section:
Input: • hard scattering cross section calculate in perturbative QCD• parton distribution functions PDF determine from benchmark data (DIS)
hard
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Evolution kernels
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How well do we know the PDF’s?
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Evolution kernels in QCD perturbation theory
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Heroic effort
• 20 Man-years• 1M lines of FORM code• Several CPU years• 10K diagrams, 100K integrals
Scale dependence at NNLOmuch better…
First NNLO PDF sets appearing
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A corolllary (Moch, Vogt)..
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Prospects for Dutch theoretical physics
Staff• A number of retirements coming up. Some positions prefilled.• Strings & quantum gravity effort strong, young• Cosmology & astroparticle physics smallish• Phenomenology not too large, decreasing.Funding of Ph.D.’s and Postdocs• University funding: under pressure• Present: 3 FOM-TH programs: Universities (<2007), NIKHEF
(<2007), Strings (<2009): also under pressure• Very important: new FOM-TH proposal, in preparation.
Universities + NIKHEF • Increasingly look toward European funding