theoretical and experimental investigations of a non-linear single degree of freedom electromagnetic...
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Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of
a Non-linear Single Degree of Freedom
Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester
Rathishchandra. R. Gatti, Ian. M. Howard, and
Mikail. F. Lumentut.
About Energy Harvester
Sensor
Battery
Micro
controller
Antenna
Smart Sensor node
Sensor
Rechargeable
Battery
Micro
controller
Antenna
Energy Harvester
IoT Sensor node
About Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester
• Device that converts
ambient energy into
useful energy
(Electrical energy).
• 10-3 to 10-6 W
Springs
Ring Magnets
Coils
Vibration
Source3
About Non-linear Single Degree of FreedomElectromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester
Magnet
Coil
Vibration
Vibration
What makes SDOF1D EMVEH Non-linear?
R.R. Gatti, and I.M. Howard. (2012). Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting by Spatially
Varying the Magnetic Field. Presented at Proceedings of the 2011 2nd International
Congress on Computer Applications and Computational Science.
What makes SDOF1D EMVEH Non-linear?
Theoretical model of SDOF1D EMVEH
Magnet
Coil
Vibration
R.R.Gatti, “Spatially Varying Multi Degree of Freedom
Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting”, PhD dissertation,
Dept.Mech, Curtin University, Australia, 2013.
Theoretical model of SDOF1D EMVEH
)(2sin1
yxBrIBIlFn
i
iL
KyyDyxBrIKxxDxMn
i
i
)(21
ILIRV Lgen
))((21
yxyxBrVn
i
igen
ILIRyxyxBr L
n
i
i
))((21
)(2)(2),(1
yxnrByxBryxT m
n
i
i
Theoretical model of SDOF1D EMVEH
)(2)(2),(1
yxnrByxBryxT m
n
i
i
.),(0
0
),(
),(
0][
y
y
yxT
DK
I
x
R
yxTK
I
x
LyxT
DxM
Mathematical representation of the non-linear
SDOF1D EMVEH
Theoretical simulation SDOF1D EMVEH
Linear (Approximate) Non-Linear (Accurate)
Laplace Transform
Linear State space
Non-Linear State space
Theoretical simulation SDOF1D EMVEH
Linear (Approximate)
Laplace Transform
Linear State space
• Coupling coefficient T(x,y)
=T = a constant.
• Useful for finding
Frequency behavior ,
maximum resonance and
hence power.
Theoretical simulation SDOF1D EMVEH
Non-Linear (Accurate)
Non-Linear State space
• T(x,y) = T(x,y) variable
(as it is).
• Useful for accurate
prediction of Time-
domain power
characteristics (Current,
Voltage and Power).
)(
)(
)()( 2
sYTs
KDs
sI
sX
RLsTs
TKDsMs
Laplace Transform
xV 1 xdt
dVV 1
2 IV 3
][1
3122 TVKVDVKyDy
Mx
dt
dV
][1
323 RVyTTV
LI
dt
dV
y
y
L
T
M
D
M
K
V
V
V
L
R
L
T
M
T
M
D
M
K
dt
dV
dt
dV
dt
dV
0
10
0
010
3
2
1
3
2
1
Linear State space
xZ )1(dt
ZdxZ
))1(()2(,
IZ )3(
)]3())1()1(
2([1))2((
ZyTZKZ
DZKyyDM
xdt
Zd
)]3())2((
))1(([1))3((
RZyZ
yZTL
Idt
Zd
Non-Linear State space
Experimental Prototype of SDOF1D EMVEH
Experimental setup
Results & Discussion
Results & Discussion
Results & Discussion
• Experimental Vs Theoretical values - ~75%
agreement .
• Spatial variation of the magnetic field T(x,y) can
be used to maximise power.
• Foundation work for
• Multidegree-of-Freedom Energy Harvesters.
• Commercial prototype of SDOF1D EMVEHs.
• Ocean wave energy generators(not validated).
Conclusions