Themes of BiologyBiology CPAMiss Colabelli

BiologyThe study of lifeBiologists study the smallest

organisms, like bacteria, to large animals like elephants

Many different types of biology Nutritional Micro Pathology

Characteristics of LifeAll living things have similar

qualitiesBroken down into 7 characteristics

of life Organization Response to stimulus Homeostasis Metabolism Development Reproduction Evolution

OrganizationDegree of order when an

organism’s internal and external parts

Each living organism is made of one or more cells

Cell tissue organ organ system organism

Response to Stimuli Living organisms have

the ability to respond to a stimulus Can be a physical change In response to the

environment Necessary for an

organism to survive in their environment and stay alive

HomeostasisOrganisms must maintain

an internal balance Due to environmental change

Regulatory system in order to keep balance Body temperature Salt intake and water intake

MetabolismOrganisms need to make energy

from their environment Humans eat food in order to get

energy Plants make their food from the sun

and water

Growth and DevelopmentAll living things grow and increase

in sizeDone by division and making new

cells Cell division is when one cell is made

from a pre-existing cellDevelopment is the process of an

organism maturing into an adult

Reproduction Process of living things producing

themselves Essential for continuing a species

Some organisms lay eggs, some have a baby grow internally

The process of two organism passing their DNA to its offspring is sexual reproduction Two parents one or more organisms

The process of one organism making an identical copy of itself is asexual reproduction One parent 2 daughter cell

EvolutionChange over timePopulations of an

organism can change based on environmental conditions

Important for survival in a changing world

Diversity & Unity of LifeAll living things have features

that are common

Tree of Life

Tree of LifeHow scientists organize

organisms into groups that are similar to each other

Scientists believe we descended from one common ancestor (the roots)

Tree of LifeThe common ancestor

branched out into diverse species

Organisms change due to their environment

Three Domains of Life

InterdependenceOrganisms interacting with each

otherEcology is the study of organisms

interacting with each otherWhen ecologists study organisms

in a specific environment it is called an ecosystem

Ecosystem

Human ImpactHumans have been on earth

for a very small amount of time

Our impact on the planet has been drastic

Think of some environmental changes humans have caused…

Evolution of LifeOrganisms change over time

BUT their genetic characteristics do not

Populations that change over time is known as evolution

Misconceptions

EvolutionDescent with modification when

inherited traits within a population Small changes over a long period

of time that a new genetically distinct new species can arise

Tree of life is a symbol for this evolution over time

Natural SelectionOrganisms that have favorable traits are better able to survive and pass on their traits to next generation

What do you see?

Black & Peppered Moths

AdaptationTraits that improve an

individuals ability to surviveWhite rabbit and short ears in

snowy placeThe individuals that survive

are able to pass on traits to next generation

Analyzing Graphics Would you think that Archaea are more

closely related to Bacteria or Eukarya?

ReviewWhy is evolution important in

helping explain the diversity of life?

What is the difference between evolution and natural selection?

Make a hypothesis Fossil evidence shows that bats descended from

shrewlike organisms that could not fly. Write a hypothesis for how natural selection might have led to flying bats.

Designing and ExperimentScientific Method

Observation Question Form a hypothesis Experiment Data collection and

analysis Conclusion

Observation and Question Begins with observing something in nature 2 types of observation

Qualitative – using senses Quantitative – measurement

Wondering how or what about it Ex:

Observation: Owls capture prey in the dark Question: How do owls detect prey in the

dark?

Hypothesis Possible answers for question in mind

that you can test with an experiment Educated guess of how something

occurs Can be more than one Ex:

Owls hunt in the dark by vision Owls hunt in the dark by hearing Owls hunt in the dark by sensing body

heat

Experiment Design an experiment to test your hypothesis Controlled experiment

Control group What you compare data to

Experimental group What you are testing for

Independent variable What is being tested for (ex: presence or absence of

light) Dependent variable

How the experiment responds (ex: if the owl can catch its prey)

Collecting/Analyzing Data Collecting Data

Usually quantitative data Compare experimental results to

controlled results Analyzing Data

Compare results to other studies and refine hypothesis

Create charts, graphs, tables to show data

Conclusion Either supports or rejects your original

hypothesis If it supports

Can move on to construct a theory with research

If it rejects Refine and change hypothesis and create

new experiment