Theme 1: Nature’s Fury

Compass Rose – shows compass directions

Map Scale – shows distance

Graphic Aids: Maps, Globes, Charts, Tables, and Graphs

Map Key – for showing the meaning of symbols

Political Maps – show countries, states, & cities

Specialized Maps – show population, rainfall, etc.

Graphic Aids: Maps, Globes, Charts, Tables, and Graphs

Table – lists information about two or more things

Bar Graph – helps readers compare amounts

Categorize and Classify • A category is a group of people, animals, things, or ideas that are alike.• To classify means to put similar items in groups according to their similarities.• Sorting information by categorizing and classifying helps readers understand and remember what they read. It also helps readers understand the things those categories have in common.

Singular & Plural Nouns 

• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounvalleybirchfernmoss

blackberrybluejay

Singular & Plural Nouns 

• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirchfernmoss

blackberrybluejay

Singular & Plural Nouns 

• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfernmoss

blackberrybluejay

Singular & Plural Nouns 

• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern fernsmoss

blackberrybluejay

Singular & Plural Nouns 

• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern fernsmoss mosses

blackberrybluejay

Singular & Plural Nouns 

• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern fernsmoss mosses

blackberry blackberrybluejay

Singular & Plural Nouns 

• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern fernsmoss mosses

blackberry blackberribluejay

Singular & Plural Nouns 

• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern fernsmoss mosses

blackberry blackberriesbluejay

Singular & Plural Nouns 

• A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.• To form the plural of most nouns, add –s or –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with x, s, ch, sh, or ss, add –es.• To form the plural of a noun ending with a consonant + y, change the y to i and add –es.•To form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel + y, add –s.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounvalley valleysbirch birchesfern fernsmoss mosses

blackberry blackberriesbluejay bluejays

More Plural Nouns•  In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounleaflife

heroradiochilddeer

More Plural Nouns•  In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leavlife

heroradiochilddeer

More Plural Nouns•  In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife

heroradiochilddeer

More Plural Nouns•  In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife liv

heroradiochilddeer

More Plural Nouns•  In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives

heroradiochilddeer

More Plural Nouns•  In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives

hero heroesradiochilddeer

More Plural Nouns•  In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives

hero heroesradio radioschilddeer

More Plural Nouns•  In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives

hero heroesradio radioschild childrendeer

More Plural Nouns•  In some nouns that end in f or fe, the f changes to a v before –s or –es is added.• In nouns that end in o, the plural may be formed by adding either –s or –es.• Some nouns have plural forms that do not end in –s or –es.• Some nouns have the same singular and plural form.

 Singular Noun Plural Nounleaf leaveslife lives

hero heroesradio radioschild childrendeer deer

/ō/, /ōō/, and /yōō/ Sounds• /ō/ patterns: 0_e, oa, ow, and o

•slope, boast, thrown, stroll

•/ōō/ patterns: u_e, ue, ew, oo, ui, ou•rule, clue, dew, choose, cruise, route

•/yōō/ patterns: u_e, ue, ew, u•cube, cue, few, music

Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning, but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”

Word Meaningeruption

destructivereconstructed

interrupt

Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning, but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”

Word Meaningeruption sudden outbreak; outburst

destructivereconstructed

interrupt

Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning, but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”

Word Meaningeruption sudden outbreak; outburst

structure something built or constructed

reconstructedinterrupt

Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning, but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”

Word Meaningeruption sudden outbreak; outburst

structure something built or constructed

reconstructed rebuildinterrupt

Word Roots struct and rupt• A word root is a word part that has meaning but is not a word by itself. • rupt means “break”• struct means “build”

Word Meaningeruption sudden outbreak; outburst

structure something built or constructed

reconstructed rebuildinterrupt to make a break in the

continuity of