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The MBE

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The  MBE  

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MBE  Overview  •  Offered  on  the  same  day  in  every  jurisdic4on  –  last  Wednesday  in  July.    

•  200  mul4ple  choice  ques4ons,  190  of  which  are  scored.  The  10  unscored  ques4ons  are  being  evaluated  for  future  use.    

•  The  exam  is  divided  into  morning  and  aGernoon  tes4ng  sessions  of  three  (3)  hours  each,  with  100  ques4ons  in  each  session.    

•  Exam  is  given  na4onwide  –  You  must  know  the  majority  approach  on  any  given  topic  and  ignore  the  local/state  law.    

•  The  190  scored  ques4ons  on  the  MBE  are  distributed  as  follows:  •  31  Con  Law  •  33  Contracts  •  31  Criminal  Law/Criminal  Procedure  •  31  Evidence  •  31  Real  Property  •  33  Torts  •  Civil  Procedure  (February  2015)  

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A  Few  Things  You  Should  Know…  •  You  can  write  in  the  ques4on  booklet  –  Feel  free  to  take  whatever  notes  help  you,  highlight  whatever  you  feel  needs  highligh4ng,  and  mark  correct  and  incorrect  responses  in  the  margins.  

 •  Compartmentalize  –  Do  not  let  your  reac4on  to  any  one  ques4on  influence  how  you  face  ensuing  ques4ons.  

•  Relax  –  During  the  course  of  your  bar  review  you  will  do  over  2,000  prac4ce  ques4ons  (roughly  34  a  day  for  the  en4rety  of  your  bar  review  period).  Take  confidence  from  your  diligent  prepara4on.  

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Timing    •  MBE  is  a  4med  test  –  100  ques4ons  in  3  hours  or,  stated  another  way,  you  will  need  to  answer  a  ques4on  every  1.8  minutes.    

 •  Whatever  you  do,  don’t  get  behind.  It  is  impera4ve  that  you  s4ck  to  a  schedule  when  you  take  the  MBE.  With  a  hundred  ques4ons  to  answer  in  each  of  the  two,  three-­‐hour  sessions,  you  should  finish  17  ques4ons  every  half  hour.    

•  If  possible,  do  not  skip  around  –  You  will  find  you  do  not  have  4me  to  go  back  to  the  ques4ons  you  skipped.    

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Scoring  •  The  score  needed  to  pass  the  MBE  varies  according  to  where  you’re  taking  the  exam,  because  the  Bar  Examiners  of  each  jurisdic4on  use  the  MBE  in  different  ways.    

•  All  ques4ons  on  the  MBE  are  given  the  same  weight.  

•  You  will  receive  to  scores  –  A  raw  score  and  a  scaled  scored  (scale  ranges  10-­‐15  points  –  The  purpose  of  scaling  is  to  normalize  performance  across  all  MBE  administra4ons)  

•  As  a  general  rule,  if  you  can  130  “raw”  ques4ons  correct,  you  should  be  on  track  to  pass  even  in  a  tough  jurisdic4on  

 •  Answer  every  ques4on.  You  will  not  lose  points  for  wrong  answers.  Even  if  you  don’t  know  the  answer,  you  should  guess.    

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A  Few  Pieces  of  Advice  About  Studying  for  the  MBE  •  Do  prac4ce  ques4ons  religiously  –  Typically  34  ques4ons  per  day  –  over  2,000  over  the  course  of  a  bar  review  period.  Regular  prac4ce  will  also  help  you  build  your  endurance.      

•  When  you  first  start  doing  MBE  prac4ce  ques4ons,  do  not  4me  yourself.  In  fact,  do  not  worry  about  4me.  You  will  likely  find,  as  many  examinees  do,  that  you  miss  a  fair  number  of  the  ques4ons  and  it  takes  you  a  while  to  read  and  answer  each  ques4on.    

•  Make  sure  you  take  the  prac4ce  MBE  tests  your  bar  review  provider  offers.  It  is  cri4cally  important  that  you  simulate  tes4ng  prior  to  the  bar  exam.  There  is  physical  and  mental  aspect  to  the  MBE  for  which  you  must  prepare  yourself.  

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A  Few  Pieces  of  Advice  About  Studying  for  the  MBE  •  Track  your  MBE  percentages.  When  you  prac4ce,  keep  a  log  of  the  percentage  you’re  geeng  right.  If  you  can  get  up  65-­‐70%  correct,  you  are  in  the  passing  zone.    

•  Begin  by  prac4cing  one  subject  at  a  4me  and  reinforcing  the  substan4ve  law.  Do  mixed-­‐subject  MBE  sets  during  the  last  part  of  your  bar  prepara4on.    

•  Read  the  MBE  instruc4ons  well  in  advance  of  the  exam:    hhp://www.ncbex.org/assets/media_files/Informa4on-­‐Booklets/MBEIB2014.pdf  

 

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Question  Format  •  Mul4ple  choice  from  a  given  set  of  facts.  Each  ques4on  has  four  possible  answer  op4ons,  with  one  correct  answer  and  three  incorrect  choices.    

•  Ques4ons  on  the  MBE  are  presented  in  a  completely  random  manner.  Both  the  level  of  difficulty  and  subject  maher  may  vary  from  one  ques4on  to  the  next.    

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Five  Common  MBE  Question  Formats  •  Winner/reason  ques:ons  –  These  ques4ons  require  you  to  decide  which  party  should  prevail  in  a  lawsuit  or  prosecu4on  and  to  choose  the  best  explana4on  for  that  result.  Thus,  an  answer  to  such  a  ques4on  can  be  incorrect  because  it  either  names  the  wrong  prevailing  party  or  gives  the  wrong  reason:  

Able  and  Behy  entered  into  nego4a4ons  for  a  contract  by  which  Able,  an  expert  tour  guide,  would  serve  as  Behy’s  tour  guide  for  a  one-­‐week  tour  of  New  York  City.  Behy  said,  “I  will  pay  you  $1,500  to  serve  as  my  tour  guide.”  Able  replied,  “Would  you  be  willing  to  consider  paying  me  $2,000?”  “No,”  said  Behy.  “Then  I’ll  take  the  $1,500,”  said  Able.  Two  weeks  later,  Behy  informed  Able  that  she  had  hired  Carl  to  work  as  her  tour  guide.  In  ac4on  by  Able  against  Behy  for  breach  of  contract  Able  will:    A.  Win,  because  he  accepted  Behy’s  offer.  B.  Win,  based  on  the  doctrine  of  promissory  estoppel.  C.  Lose,  because  he  made  a  counteroffer  and  therefore  terminated  

his  power  to  accept  Behy’s  offer.    D.  Lose,  because  he  did  not  rely  on  the  contract  in  any  way.  

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Five  Common  MBE  Question  Formats  •  Result/reason  ques:ons:  These  ques4ons,  which  are  similar  to  winner/reason  

ques4ons,  require  examinees  to  predict  a  result  on  a  somewhat  narrower  issue  (for  example,  evidence  is  admissible  or  inadmissible,  the  mo4on  will  succeed  or  not  succeed,  etc.)  and  the  best  explana4on  for  that  result.  Thus,  an  answer  can  be  incorrect  because  it  either  incorrectly  predicts  the  result  or  gives  the  wrong  reason.  

 Danielle  and  Paul  entered  into  a  valid  and  enforceable  wrihen  contract  for  the  purchase  by  Paul  and  sale  by  Danielle  of  Greenacre  for  $100,000.  The  contract  was  very  detailed,  thirty  pages  long,  and  included  a  merger  clause.  Assume  the  contract  was  made  and  the  par4es  reside  in  a  jurisdic4on  that  has  adopted  Williston’s  approach  to  parol  evidence  rule  ques4ons.  If  Paul  seeks  to  tes4fy  that  aGer  the  par4es  signed  the  agreement,  Danielle  promised  to  arrange  for  the  hardwood  floors  in  the  house  to  be  refinished,  the  evidence  will  be:    A.  Barred,  because  the  agreement  is  completely  integrated.  B.  Barred,  because  it  is  inconsistent  with  the  par4es’  wrihen  agreement.  C.  Admihed,  because  the  parol  evidence  rule  doesn’t  apply  to  such  evidence.  D.  Admihed,  because  the  agreement  is  not  completely  integrated  and  the  

wri4ng  is  silent  about  refinishing  the  floors.  

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Five  Common  MBE  Question  Formats  •  Best  argument  or  theory  ques:ons.  These  ques4ons,  which  are  less  common  than  the  first  two  formats,  end  with  an  incomplete  sentence  such  as  “Myra’s  best  argument  for  _____  is,”  and  then  the  answers  give  alterna4ve  arguments  or  theories  that  Myra  might  use.  Thus,  an  answer  to  such  a  ques4on  may  be  incorrect  either  because  it’s  wrong  or  because  it’s  not  the  best  argument.  

Sally,  who  is  a  manufacturer  of  big  screen  televisions,  and  Bob  entered  into  a  valid  and  enforceable  wrihen  contact  for  the  purchase  by  Bob  from  Sally  of  a  “Sally  Biggy,”  a  seventy-­‐five  inch  big  screen  television  set  for  $4,500.  Sally  an4cipated  making  $1,500  in  profit  on  the  sale.  Bob  breached  the  contract,  and  Sally  sold  the  Sally  Biggy  that  Bob  had  agreed  to  purchase  for  $4,5000.  in  ac4on  seeking  her  lost  profits,  Sally’s  best  argument  would  be:    A.  Sally  is  a  lost-­‐volume  seller.  B.  Sally’s  lost  profit  is  a  legi4mate  item  of  consequen4al  damages.  C.  Sally’s  lost  profit  compensates  her  for  her  4me  and  money  spent  

readver4sing  and  reselling  the  television.  D.  Sally  should  be  awarded  the  money  under  the  doctrine  of  in  pari  

delicto.  

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Five  Common  MBE  Question  Formats  •  Mul:ple  answer  ques:ons.  This  format  which  is  much  less  common  than  the  first  three  

formats,  ends  with  two  or  three  statements.  The  ques4on  asks  the  examinee  to  determine  which  of  the  two  or  three  statements  are  correct,  and  the  answers  describe  a  variety  of  combina4ons  of  the  statements  (for  example,  the  first  and  the  second,  the  first  and  the  third,  the  second  and  the  third,  etc.).  Thus,  an  answer  to  this  ques4on  is  correct  only  if  it  describes  precisely  which  statements  are  accurate.  

Carl,  who  had  never  worked  before  as  a  grocery  store  clerk,  and  Store  entered  into  an  oral  agreement  whereby  Carl  agreed  to  work  full-­‐4me  for  Store  as  a  grocery  clerk  for  six  months,  and  Store  agreed  to  pay  Carl  $3,000  per  month.  One  week  later,  Carl  announced  that  he  refused  ever  to  work  for  Store.  If  Store  sued  Carl  seeking  specific  performance  as  its  only  remedy  and  the  court  denied  Store’s  request,  which  of  the  following  grounds  would  jus4fy  this  result?    I.  The  statute  of  frauds  because  the  contracts  exceeds  $5,000  and  is  not  I  wri4ng  II.  A  grant  of  specific  performance  would  violate  the  Cons4tu4on  III.  Store’s  remedy  at  law  is  not  adequate    A.  I  and  II  only  B.  I  and  III  only  C.  II  and  III  only  D.  I,  I  and  III    

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Five  Common  MBE  Question  Formats  •  Same  fact  paCern,  mul:ple  ques:ons.  This  format  is  also  less  common  than  the  first  three  formats.  These  ques4ons  provide  a  fact  pahern  followed  by  two  or  more  ques4ons  that  all  rely  on  the  same  fact  pahern.  In  many  cases,  the  ques4ons  add  facts  for  the  examinees  to  consider.  The  ques4ons  themselves  are  similar  to  the  first  three  types  of  ques4ons  previously  described.  Accordingly,  the  characters  of  correct  and  incorrect  answers  are  also  similar.    

Example  on  next  slide…  

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Five  Common  MBE  Question  Formats  Paula,  a  famous  painter  known  for  her  abstract  pain4ng  style,  entered  into  a  valid,  wrihen  contract  draGed  by  Fred  to  paint  a  series  of  portraits  of  Fred  and  his  family  according  to  the  following  schedule:    Pain4ng  of  Fred:  Due  July  1  for  $25,000  Pain4ng  of  Fred’s  wife:  Due  August  1  for  $25,000  Pain4ng  of  Fred’s  house:  Due  September  1  for  $25,000  Pain4ng  of  Fred’s  car:  Due  October  1  for  $20,000    The  contract  also  included  the  following  clause,  “Fred’s  duty  to  pay  Paula  is  expressly  condi4oned  on  Fred’s  sa4sfac4on  with  Paula’s  work.”  At  all  relevant  4mes,  Fred  was  aware  that  all  of  Paula’s  past  pain4ngs  were  abstract.    Assume  that  Paula  completed  the  pain4ng  of  Fred  on  4me,  but  Fred  refused  to  pay  for  it,  claiming  that,  while  he  was  comfortable  with  abstract  pain4ngs  of  everyone  else,  he  would  only  be  sa4sfied  with  a  realis4c  portrait  of  himself.  In  an  ac4on  by  Paula  against  Fred  for  breach  of  contract,  Paul  will:    A.  Win,  because  she  substan4ally  performed  her  promise  to  paint  Fred’s  portrait  B.  Win,  because  Fred’s  claim  of  dissa4sfac4on  lacks  good  faith.    C.  Lose,  because  Paula  did  not  substan4ally  perform  her  promise.    D.  Lose,  because  of  Fred’s  duty  to  pay  was  expressly  condi4oned    

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Five  Common  MBE  Question  Formats  Previous  slide  con4nued…    Assume  all  of  the  facts  stated  in  Ques4on  1.  Also  assume,  for  the  purposes  of  this  ques-on  only,  that  Fred’s  refusal  to  pay  Paula  was  jus4fied  and  therefore  that  Fred  did  not  have  to  pay  Paula  for  her  portrait  for  Fred.  If  Fred  thereaGer  repudiates  the  en4re  contract,  Paula’s  best  argument  for  enforcing  the  contract  would  be:    A.  She  painted  Fred’s  portrait  in  good  faith.  B.  Fred  is  estopped  from  repudia4ng  the  contract  because  he  

acknowledged  that  abstract  pain4ngs  of  everyone  else  would  be  sa4sfactory  to  him  

C.  Contra  proferentem  D.  The  contract  is  divisible  

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How  Answer  Choices  Can  Be  Wrong  •  Mischaracterizes  the  facts    If  the  reasoning  doesn’t  reflect  either  the  facts  as  they  appear  in  the  ques4on  or  reasonable  inferences  drawn  from  those  facts,  the  answer  choice  cannot  be  correct    Many  varia4ons  on  this  theme  –  Goes  beyond  the  facts,  assumes  a  fact  in  dispute  or  even  blatantly  contradicts  the  facts    •  The  reasoning  is  legally  wrong    Many  varia4ons  on  this  –  Overstates  the  requirements  of  a  rule,  reasoning  uses  an4quated  rules  or  rules  from  inapplicable  bodies  of  law,  reasoning  applies  rules  that  do  not  apply  to  the  facts,  overinclusive  statements  of  the  law,  overstate  or  understate  the  applicable  legal  standard    •  Not  as  precise  as  another  choice    

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Issue  Spotting  on  the  MBE  •  On  the  MBE  you  have  to  be  able  to  do  the  following  two  things:    •  Iden4fy  the  central  issue  in  the  problem  •  Iden4fy  what  issue  each  answer  is  addressing  

 •  Determining  the  central  issue  –  What,  in  theory,  is  going  on  with  this  problem?  

•  Your  best  answer  will  resolve  the  central  issue  in  the  problem  

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How  to  Analyze  MBE  Questions        •  First,  read  the  call  of  the  ques4on  and  the  answer  choices  first  –  This  will  help  you  determine  the  area  of  law  and  focus  your  reading  of  the  fact  pahern.  Remember,  you  will  have  to  spot  both  the  subject  and  the  issue.  

•  Then  read  the  facts.  

•  AGer  reading  the  facts,  determine  the  central  issue  in  the  problem  

•  Recall  immediately  the  rule  (or  rules)  relevant  to  the  central  issue  

•  Determine  which  issue  each  answer  is  addressing  and  then  select  the  best,  most  precise  answer  (the  answer  that  correctly  characterizes  the  law  and  the  facts  and  addresses  the  central  issue)  

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How  to  Analyze  MBE  Questions  On  the  MBE,  you  will  likely  want  to  reword  the  call  of  the  ques4on.  This  will  force  you  to  focus  on  the  one  correct  answer.  Most  MBE  ques4on  calls  are  wrihen  in  a  way  that  can  feel  confusing.  For  example:    Ques4on:  What  is  the  most  likely  outcome?    Reword  to:  What  will  the  result  be  –  and  why?    Ques4on:  Which  claim  is  most  likely  to  succeed?  Reword  to:  Which  is  the  only  claim  that  can  succeed  on  these  facts  –  and  why?      Ques4on:  What  is  Defendant’s  best  defense?  Reword  to:  Why  won’t  the  Defendant  be  guilty  on  these  facts?    Ques4on:  “If  party  X  loses,  the  most  likely  basis  for  the  judgment  is  that…”  Reword  to:  “Party  X  loses  because…”    Ques4on:  “Which  of  the  following  would  be  the  LEAST  sufficient  basis  for  admieng  the  recording?”  Reword  to:  “Why  won’t  the  recording  be  admissible?”  

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How  to  Analyze  MBE  Questions    •  Don’t  assume  facts  –  Be  careful  not  to  read  into  ques4ons  facts  that  are  not  there.  The  MBE  is  a  me4culously  craGed  test.  The  facts  you  need  to  answer  the  ques4on  will  be  given  to  you.  However,  you  may  make  reasonable  inferences  based  on  the  facts  provided.  

•  Choose  the  simple  interpreta4on  –  Don’t  make  problems  more  complex  than  they  really  are.  If  there  are  mul4ple  ways  to  interpret  a  ques4on,  one  that  makes  the  problem  straightorward  and  other  that  make  it  very  difficult,  choose  the  straightorward  interpreta4on.    

•  You  should  arrive  at  the  correct  answer  by  elimina4ng,  one  by  one,  any  answer  that  clearly  cannot  be  correct.    

•  Make  your  answer  selec4on  and  s4ck  with  it.  Do  not  go  back  and  change  your  answer  unless  you’re  certain  your  first  choice  was  wrong.    

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How  to  Analyze  MBE  Questions  •  Pay  ahen4on  to  statutes  –  Generally  given  for  one  of  two  reasons:  Conflic4ng  common  law  rules,  therefore  no  one  majority  rule  or  the  Examiners  want  to  see  if  you  can  ignore  your  ins4ncts  

•  Pay  special  ahen4on  to  seemingly  meaningless  details  about  people.  While  the  examiners  do  some4mes  give  you  a  deliberate  red  herring,  you  should  always  assume  that  every  fact  in  every  ques4on  is  important.    

•  Pay  ahen4on  to  the  language  modifiers  in  the  answer  choices  

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ModiIiers  •  Many  MBE  answers  will  have  three  dis4nct  parts:  the  result,  the  reasoning  to  support  that  result  and  the  modifier.  As  a  general  rule,  you  want  to  read  the  reasoning  and  modifier  before  the  result  because  the  modifier  can  change  the  result.      

•  Because  is  the  modifier  –  “Yes,  because  the  the  farmer  did  not  have  a  privilege  to  use  excessive  force.”  

•  Because  is  by  far  the  most  common  modifier  on  the  MBE.  “Since”  and  “as”  should  be  treated  the  same  as  “because.”  

 If  “because”  is  the  modifier,  the  answer  can  be  correct  only  if:    •  The  reasoning  addresses  and  resolves  a  central  issue  (or  at  least  a  more  central  issue  than  any  other  response)  

•  The  facts  in  the  ques4on  completely  sa4sfy  the  reasoning  AND  •  The  result  is  consistent  with  the  reasoning  

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ModiIiers  •  When  “if”  is  the  modifier,  in  order  to  be  correct,  the  reasoning  need  only  be  plausible  under  facts  (that  is  there  can’t  be  anything  in  the  facts  to  suggest  the  reasoning  couldn’t  be  true)  

 Example:  “Yes,  if  the  husband  reasonably  believed  that  the  dog  might  bite  him.”  

•  Big  difference  between  “because”  and  “If”  is  that  “because”  reasoning  must  flow  unequivocally  from  the  facts;  the  “if”  reasoning  must  only  be  plausible  

 If  “If”  is  the  modifier:    •  The  reasoning  addresses  and  resolves  a  central  issue  •  The  reasoning  need  only  be  plausible  under  the  facts  

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How  to  Guess  Intelligently    Apply  the  following  advice  only  when  your  reasoning  fails  you.    •  Don’t  guess  un4l  you’ve  eliminated  all  the  definitely  wrong  responses  

•  Factors  that  should  influence  your  guess:  

•  Beware  of  terms  that  seem  like  they  should  apply  to  a  wide  variety  of  facts,  but  that  actually  have  no  applica4on  to  the  par4cular  fact  situa4on  

 •  Beware  of  certain4es  

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Question  1    Before  pueng  her  home  up  for  sale,  a  homeowner  painted  the  living  room  ceiling  to  conceal  major  water  damage  caused  by  a  leaking  roof  that  had  not  been  repaired.  On  the  first  day  the  home  was  offered  for  sale,  the  homeowner  gave  a  buyer  a  personal  tour.  The  homeowner  made  no  statements  at  all  regarding  the  water  damage  or  the  roof.  Without  discovering  the  water  damage  or  the  leaking  roof  and  without  consul4ng  a  lawyer,  the  buyer  immediately  agreed  in  wri4ng  to  buy  the  home  for  $200,000.    

 Before  the  closing  date,  the  buyer  discovered  the  water  damage  and  the  leaking  roof.  The  cost  of  repair  was  es4mated  at  $22,000.  The  buyer  has  refused  to  go  through  with  the  purchase.    If  the  homeowner  sues  the  buyer  for  breach  of  contract,  is  the  homeowner  likely  to  prevail?      A.  No,  because  no  contract  was  formed  since  the  buyer  did  not  have  a  real  opportunity  to  

understand  the  essen4al  terms  of  the  contract.  B.  No,  because  the  homeowner  concealed  evidence  of  the  water  damage  and  of  the  

leaking  room.  C.  Yes,  because  the  homeowner  made  no  affirma4ve  statements  of  fact  about  the  water  

damage  or  the  leaking  roof.  D.  Yes,  because  the  buyer  acted  unreasonably  by  failing  to  employ  an  inspector  to  conduct  

an  independent  inspec4on  of  the  home.  

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Relevant  Law  •  Contracts    

•  Correct  answer  is  B  

•  “If  one  party’s  assent  to  a  contract  is  induced  by  a  material  misrepresenta4on  by  the  other,  on  which  the  recipient  is  jus4fied  in  relying,  the  contract  is  voidable  by  the  recipient  

•  Normally  a  party’s  silent  failure  to  men4on  a  fact  will  not  cons4tute  a  misrepresenta4on  as  to  that  fact.  But  inten4onal  acts  of  concealment  are  deemed  to  be  equivalent  to  misrepresenta4ons.    

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Question  2    A  man  and  his  friend  were  watching  a  televised  football  game  at  the  man’s  home.  Upset  by  a  penalty  called  by  the  referee,  the  friend  threw  a  bohle  of  beer  at  the  man’s  television,  breaking  the  screen.  Enraged,  the  man  picked  up  a  nearby  hammer  and  hit  the  friend  on  the  head  with  it.  The  friend  died  from  the  blow.  

 The  crimes  below  are  listed  in  descending  order  of  seriousness.    In  a  jurisdic4on  that  follows  common  law  principles,  

what  is  the  most  serious  crime  of  which  the  man  could  be  properly  convicted?    A.  Murder  B.  Voluntary  manslaughter  C.  Involuntary  manslaughter  D.  Assault  

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Relevant  Law    •  Criminal  Law  

•  Correct  answer  is  A  

•  At  common  law,  one  of  the  mental  states  that  suffices  for  murder  is  intent  to  do  bodily  harm.  The  intent  to  do  serious  bodily  injury  can  be  inferred  from  the  defendant’s  conduct  in  light  of  the  surrounding  circumstances.  The  defendant’s  choice  of  weapon,  and  the  nature  of  the  physical  ahack  on  the  vic4m,  are  circumstances  that  can  lead  a  reasonable  jury  to  infer  an  intent  to  seriously  injure  the  vic4m.  Since  the  friend’s  death  directly  resulted  from  the  man’s  conduct  all  the  requirements  for  murder  of  the  intent  to  do  serious  bodily  injury  variety  are  present.    

•  A  jury  might  accept  the  par4al  defense  of  reasonable  provoca4on  ,  which  would  downgrade  the  crime  to  voluntary  manslaughter.  But  a  reasonable  jury  could  certainly  reject  the  provoca4on  defense,  in  which  case  a  murder  convic4on  would  be  appropriate  and  you’re  asked  to  specify  the  most  serious  crime  of  which  the  defendant  “could  properly  be  convicted.”  

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Question  3  A  landlord  and  tenant  orally  agreed  to  a  commercial  tenancy  for  a  term  of  six  months  beginning  on  July  1.  Rent  was  to  be  paid  by  the  first  day  of  each  month,  and  the  tenant  paid  the  first  month’s  rent  at  the  4me  of  the  agreement.    

 When  the  tenant  arrived  at  the  leased  premises  on  July  1,  the  tenant  learned  that  the  previous  tenant  had  not  vacated  the  premises  at  the  end  of  her  lease  term  on  May  31  and  did  not  intend  to  vacate.  The  tenant  then  successfully  sued  the  previous  tenant  for  possession.  The  tenant  did  not  inform  the  landlord  of  the  evic4on  ac4on  un4l  aGer  the  tenant  received  possession.  

 The  tenant  then  sued  the  landlord  claiming  damages  for  that  por4on  of  the  lease  period  during  which  the  tenant  was  in  possession.    

 If  the  court  finds  for  the  landlord,  what  will  be  the  most  likely  explana4on?  A.  By  suing  the  previous  tenant  for  possession,  the  tenant  elected  that  remedy  

in  lieu  of  a  suit  against  the  landlord  B.  The  landlord  had  delivered  the  legal  right  of  possession  to  the  tenant  C.  The  tenant  failed  to  4mely  vacate  as  required  to  sue  for  construc4ve  evic4on  D.  The  tenant  had  not  no4fied  the  landlord  before  bringing  the  evic4on  ac4on  

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Relevant  Law  •  Property  

•  Correct  answer  –  B  

•  We  can  infer  from  the  landlord’s  victory  that  we  are  in  a  jurisdic4on  that  does  not  require  the  landlord  to  put  the  tenant  into  actual  possession.    

•  It’s  clear  the  landlord  has  given  the  new  tenant  the  legal  right  to  possess  the  premises,  and  that  the  landlord  hasn’t  given  a  conflic4ng  legal  right  to  anyone  else  (the  holdover  tenant’s  term  is  over,  so  that  tenant  cannot  be  asser4ng  that  he  has  a  legal  right  to  possession  deriving  from  the  landlord.  Furthermore,  there’s  no  indica4on  that  the  landlord  or  any  third  person  claiming  under  him  has  asserted  a  legal  claim  to  possession  of  the  premises.    

•  The  tenant  can  win  if,  and  only  if,  the  landlord  is  found  to  have  had  an  implied  duty  to  deliver  actual  possession  to  the  tenant.  American  courts  are  split  –  Most  courts  follow  the  “English”  rule  under  which  the  landlord  has  an  implied  duty  to  deliver  actual  possession.  But  a  minority  follow  the  so-­‐called  “American”  rule,  under  which  the  landlord  is  merely  required  to  give  the  tenant  legal  possession.    

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Question  4  A  homeowner  was  using  a  six-­‐foot  stepladder  to  clean  the  furnace  in  his  home.  The  homeowner  broke  his  arm  when  he  slipped  and  fell  from  the  ladder.  The  furnace  had  no  warnings  or  instruc4ons  on  how  it  was  to  be  cleaned.  

 In  a  suit  by  the  homeowner  against  the  manufacturer  of  the  furnace  to  recover  for  his  injury,  is  the  homeowner  likely  to  prevail?    A.  No,  because  the  danger  of  falling  from  a  ladder  is  obvious  B.  No,  because  the  homeowner  should  have  hired  a  professional  to  

clean  the  furnace  C.  Yes,  because  the  furnace  did  not  have  a  ladder  ahached  to  it  for  

cleaning  purposes  D.  Yes,  because  the  lack  of  warnings  or  instruc4ons  for  how  to  clean  

the  furnace  made  it  defec4ve  

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Relevant  Law  •  Torts  

•  Correct  Answer  is  A  

•  In  a  suit  based  on  strict  product  liability  (as  the  suit  would  likely  be  here),  the  manufacturer’s  failure  to  warn  of  a  danger  can  itself  make  the  product  defec4ve,  and  trigger  strict  liability  for  injuries  caused  by  that  defect.  But  the  seller  or  manufacturer  of  a  product  is  generally  not  liable  for  failing  to  warn  against  a  danger  that  is  obvious  and  foreseeable  to  users  of  that  product.    

•  Here  the  ordinary  dangers  of  working  on  a  ladder  are  obvious.  And  there  appears  to  be  nothing  about  using  a  ladder  to  clean  this  furnace  that  increases  the  danger  of  ladder  use  generally.  So  the  manufacturer’s  failure  to  warn  bout  the  dangers  of  ladder  use  did  not  make  the  furnace  defec4ve.  And  nothing  else  in  these  facts  supplies  any  other  ground  for  imposing  either  strict  liability  or  liability  for  negligence.  

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Question  5  A  cyclist  sued  a  defendant  corpora4on  for  injuries  sustained  when  she  was  hit  by  a  truck  owned  by  the  defendant  and  driven  by  its  employee,  who  was  making  deliveries  for  the  defendant.  The  day  aGer  the  accident,  the  employee  visited  the  cyclist  in  the  hospital  and  said,  “I’m  sorry  for  what  I  did.”  At  trial,  the  employee  tes4fied  that  he  had  exercised  due  care.    

 Why  is  the  cyclist’s  tes4mony  rela4ng  what  the  defendant’s  employee  said  at  the  hospital  admissible  to  prove  negligence?    A.  It  is  a  prior  inconsistent  statement  B.  It  is  a  statement  against  interest  C.  It  is  a  statement  by  a  party-­‐opponent’s  agent  D.  It  is  a  statement  of  then-­‐exis4ng  state  of  mind  

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Relevant  Law  •  Evidence  

•  Correct  answer  is  C  

•  The  employee  was  speaking  about  a  maher  that  was  within  the  scope  of  his  employment.  If  the  employee’s  statement  is  used  to  prove  that  he  (and  by  extension  the  corpora4on  he  worked  for)  was  negligent,  the  proposed  use  is  a  hearsay  use.  Consequently,  must  fall  within  some  excep4on  or  exclusion,  or  else  be  inadmissible.    

•  Applicable  rule  –  Excludes  as  non-­‐hearsay  any  statement  that  is  offered  against  an  “opposing  party  and  that  was  made  by  the  party’s  agent  or  employee  on  a  maher  within  the  scope  of  that  rela4onship  and  while  it  existed.”  

•  Here,  we’re  told  that  the  driver  was  an  employee  of  the  defendant    corpora4on,  and  that  he  was  working  for  the  defendant  at  the  4me  the  accident  occurred.  So  that  statement  about  what  happened  concerned  a  maher  within  the  speaker’s  employment  rela4onship  with  the  defendant,  and  was  made  while  the  employment  rela4onship  s4ll  existed.    

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Question  6  A  state  law  provides  that  a  person  who  has  been  divorced  may  not  marry  again  unless  he  or  she  is  current  on  all  child-­‐support  payments.  A  woman  who  was  refused  a  marriage  license  pursuant  to  this  law,  sued  the  appropriate  state  officials.  

 What  standard  should  the  court  apply  in  reviewing  the  cons4tu4onality  of  this  law?    A.  The  state  must  show  that  the  law  is  necessary  to  serve  a  

compelling  government  interest  B.  The  state  must  show  that  the  law  is  substan4ally  related  to  an  

important  government  interest  C.  The  woman  must  show  that  the  law  serves  no  important  public  

purpose  D.  The  woman  must  show  that  the  legislature  did  not  have  a  ra4onal  

basis  for  enac4ng  the  law  

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Relevant  Law  •  Cons4tu4onal  Law  

•  Correct  answer  is  A  

•  Correctly  states  the  test  for  strict  scru4ny,  which  the  statute  will  have  to  survive.    

•  The  woman’s  suit  would  be  brought  on  a  substan4ve  due  process  theory.  SCOTUS  held  that  marriage  is  a  fundamental  right  for  substan4ve  due  process  purposes  (Zablocki  v.  Redhail).  In  that  case,  the  Court  concluded  a  similar  statute  interfered  with  this  fundamental  right  of  marriage,  triggering  strict  scru4ny  of  the  statute.  When  a  state  statute  is  strictly  scru4nized,  the  defender  of  the  statute  (here  the  state)  bears  the  burden  of  proving  that  the  law  is  necessary  to  serve  a  compelling  state  interest.  

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Links    •  MBE  Informa4on  Booklet  

hhp://www.ncbex.org/assets/media_files/Informa4on-­‐Booklets/MBEIB2014.pdf    •  Good  resources  available  in  the  law  school’s  library.    

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Future  Bar-­‐Related  Programming  •  Financial  Planning  for  the  Bar  Exam  –  2/5  –  Noon  •  Bar  Exam  Week  –  2/10  –  2/14  •  Character  and  Fitness  Overview  –  2/10  –  Noon  •  MBE  Strategies  –  2/11  -­‐  Noon  •  MPT/UBE  –  2/12  –  Noon  •  Developing  a  Plan  for  the  Bar  Exam/Advice  from  Recent  Takers  –  2/13  –  Noon  

•  MBE  Session  #1  –  Criminal  Law/Procedure  –  Bruck  –  2/19  Noon  •  MBE  Session  #2  –  Property  –  Fraley  –  2/27  –  Noon  •  MBE  Session  #3  –  Contracts  –  Calhoun  –  3/19  –  3:00  pm  •  Essay  Wri4ng  for  the  Bar  Exam  –  3/25  –  6:00  pm  •  MBE  Session  #4  –  Torts  –  Murchison  –  3/26  –  Noon  •  MBE  Session  #5  –  Con  Law  –  Massie  –  4/2  –  Noon  •  MBE  Session  #6  –  Evidence  –  Belmont  –  4/9  -­‐  Noon