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The Kentucky Campaign and the Ba4le of An9etam Andrea zsigmond

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Page 1: The$Kentucky$Campaign$and$the$ Bale$of$An9etam$ · The$south$$ • Collec9ng$many$victories,$making$ Lee$wantto$move$farther$North$ • On$the$verge$of$being$recognized$ by$England$and$France,$needed$a

The  Kentucky  Campaign  and  the  Ba4le  of  An9etam  

Andrea  zsigmond  

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STRATEGIC  SITUATIONS  IN  THE  WAR    

The  north,  the  south  

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The  north  •  Desperately  needed  a  victory,  as  

they  had  been  losing  quite  a  few  ba4les  

•  Lincoln  and  McClellan’s  ideas  clashed  on  how  they  should  win  the  war,  especially  aFer  the  Ba4le  of  Second  Manassas  

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The  south    •  Collec9ng  many  victories,  making  

Lee  want  to  move  farther  North  

•  On  the  verge  of  being  recognized  by  England  and  France,  needed  a  decisive  victory  

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THE  KENTUCKY  CAMPAIGN  Beginning,  the  campaign,  result  

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Key  Leaders  in  the  Kentucky  Campaign  Don  Carlos  Buell  ~  Union    

Braxton  Bragg  ~  Confederacy    

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Buell’s  move  to  Cha4anooga      

•    40,000  men  in  the  Army  of  Ohio  under  Buell  were  ordered  to  move  against  Cha4anooga,  Tennessee.  

•  July  13,  1862-­‐  Beginning  of  the  raids  of  Buell’s  supply  line  and  constant  destruc9on  of  railroad  

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Bragg’s  decision  to  invade  kentucky  

•  Braxton  Bragg,  commander  of  the  Confederate  Army  of  Mississippi,  saw  an  opening  for  a4ack  against  Buell.  

•  Bragg  planned  to  meet  up  with  General  Edmund  Kirby  Smith  and  his  18,000  men  

•  Edmund  Kirby  Smith  

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Kirby  Smith  Begins  the  Campaign  

•  Kirby  Smith  leF  Knoxville  on  August  14,  with  21,000  men  

•  Bragg’s  30,000  men  had  moved  from  Cha4anooga,  and  were  now  about  100  miles  west  of  Kirby  Smith  and  his  army  

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Kentuckians  don’t  join  Confederacy    

•  This  was  a  major  reason  why  the  campaign  was  a  failure  

•  More  like  a  large-­‐raid  of  the  state  than  an  actual  invasion  

•  Any  of  the  Kentuckians  who  would’ve  joined  their  cause  had  already  done  so  

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Buell  Reorganizes  •  In  the  first  week  of  October,  he  

organized  his  army  into  a  striking  force  of  60,000  men.  Bragg  and  Kirby  Smith  had  40,000  but  they  were  sca4ered  about  between  Lexington  and  Bardstown  

•  Buell  sent  one  division  on  a  feint  towards  Frankfort,  deceiving  Bragg,  pinning  nearly  half  the  Confederate  force  in  the  town  

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The  Ba4le  of  Perryville  

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Results  of  the  ba4le  •  4,200  Union  casual9es  

•  3,400  Confederate  casual9es  

•  No  real  “winner”  of  the  ba4le  

•  Bragg  decides  to  abandon  the  Kentucky  Campaign  

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THE  SECOND  BATTLE  OF  MANASSAS  –  BULL  RUN  

Pre-­‐Ba4le,  The  Ba4le,  Post  Ba4le  

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Key  Leaders  in  The  ba4le  of  Second  Manassas  

John  Pope  ~  Union     Robert  E.  Lee  ~  Confederacy    

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Pre-­‐Ba4le  •  Lincoln  wanted  General  John  

Pope  to  shield  Washington  and  support  McClellan’s  army    

•  In  order  to  counter  Pope’s  move  into  central  Virginia,  Robert.  E.  Lee  sent  General  T.  J.  “Stonewall”  Jackson  to  Gordonsville  

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The  Ba4le  •  Jackson  engaged  with  a  Union  

division  on  August  28,  planning  to  meet  with  Lee  the  next  day  

•  On  August  29,  the  Union  frequently  a4acked  Jackson’s  line,  but  was  never  able  to  break  through  

•  On  August  30,  Lee  and  Jackson  launched  a  massive  a4ack  against  the  Union  

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Post-­‐ba4le  •  Casual9es:  •  13,824  Union  •  8,353  Confederate    

•  A  Confederate  victory,  allowing  for  certain  opportuni9es  for  Lee  

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THE  BATTLE  OF  ANTIETAM  Beginning,  Midday,  and  Post-­‐Ba4le  

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Key  Leaders  in  the  Ba4le  of  An9etam  

George  b.  McClellan  ~  Union   Robert  E.  Lee  ~  Confederacy    

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Before  the  ba4le    

Confederacy  •  Lee  was  hoping  to  gain  a  decisive  

victory  so  he  could  move  further  into  Maryland  

•  So  far,  the  Confederacy  had  taken  many  victories  in  the  war  

Union  •  Lincoln  wanted  a  victory  in  order  

to  issue  his  Emancipa9on  Proclama9on  

•  Also  wanted  a  victory  because  the  Union  had  been  losing  terribly  at  this  point  in  the  war  

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Beginnings  of  the  ba4le  •  John  Hooker’s  1st  Corps  led  the  

a4ack  at  dawn  by  sweeping  down  the  Hagerstown  Pike  from  the  north  

•  A  Confederate  division  from  Harper’s  Ferry  and  another  from  Burnside’s  bridge  popped  out  in  the  front,  flank,  and  rear  of  Sumner’s  division  and  pre4y  much  wiped  out  the  second  countera4ack.    

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Midday  Ba4le  •  The  Union  fought  for  the  rebel  

center,  that  would  later  be  known  as  Bloody  Lane,  and  eventually  broke  through  

•  Late  aFernoon,  A.  P.  Hill’s  division  arrived  as  reinforcements  and  hit  Burnside’s  flank,  causing  them  to  retreat  

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Post-­‐Ba4le  •  The  bloodiest  ba4le  in  the  Civil  

War  and  in  American  History  

•  Total  casual9es  from  both  sides  amounted  to  about  22,000  

•  A  Union  victory,  and  a  heavy  blow  to  the  South  

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THE  EMANCIPATION  PROCLAMATION    

Road  to  emancipa9on,  the  document,  its  effect  

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The  road  to  emancipa9on  •  Lincoln  wanted  to  emancipate  

the  slaves  long  before  it  was  published  

•  In  1862,  the  aboli9onist  movement  was  becoming  popular  in  the  North  

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The  Document  -­‐  Opvl  •  Origin:  The  Emancipa9on  

Proclama9on,  Abraham  Lincoln,  January  1,  1863  

•  Purpose:  Freed  the  slaves  of  the  Confederacy  and  promoted  the  Union  idea  

•  Value:  Shows  the  cause  of  the  Union,  and  what  they  were  figh9ng  for  

•  Limita9on:  It  is  an  official  document,  and  therefore  does  not  say  anything  it  should  

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The  document  •  Gave  the  soldiers  of  the  North  a  

be4er  reason  to  fight  for,  other  than  preserving  the  Union  

•  African  Americans  rushed  to  enlist,  providing  more  support  for  the  Union  Army  

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Bibliography  •  McPherson,  James  M..  Ba#le  cry  of  freedom:  the  Civil  War  era.  New  

York:  Oxford  University  Press,  1988.  Print.  •  "An9etam."  Civil  War  Trust.    Web.  23  Sept.  2014.  <h4p://

www.civilwar.org/ba4lefields/an9etam.html?tab=facts>.  •  "Ba4le  of  An9etam."  History.com.  A&E  Television  Networks,  n.d.  

Web.  23  Sept.  2014.  <h4p://www.history.com/topics/american-­‐civil-­‐war/ba4le-­‐of-­‐an9etam>.  

•  "Emancipa9on_Proclama9on."  Na;onal  Archives  and  Records  Administra;on.  Na9onal  Archives  and  Records  Administra9on,  n.d.  Web.  23  Sept.  2014.  <h4p://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipa9on_proclama9on/>.  

•  Beck,  Tim.  Lincoln’s  Evolu;on  of  the  Emancipa;on  Proclama;on.  2007.  Print.