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TRANSCRIPT
The Kentucky Campaign and the Ba4le of An9etam
Andrea zsigmond
STRATEGIC SITUATIONS IN THE WAR
The north, the south
The north • Desperately needed a victory, as
they had been losing quite a few ba4les
• Lincoln and McClellan’s ideas clashed on how they should win the war, especially aFer the Ba4le of Second Manassas
The south • Collec9ng many victories, making
Lee want to move farther North
• On the verge of being recognized by England and France, needed a decisive victory
THE KENTUCKY CAMPAIGN Beginning, the campaign, result
Key Leaders in the Kentucky Campaign Don Carlos Buell ~ Union
Braxton Bragg ~ Confederacy
Buell’s move to Cha4anooga
• 40,000 men in the Army of Ohio under Buell were ordered to move against Cha4anooga, Tennessee.
• July 13, 1862-‐ Beginning of the raids of Buell’s supply line and constant destruc9on of railroad
Bragg’s decision to invade kentucky
• Braxton Bragg, commander of the Confederate Army of Mississippi, saw an opening for a4ack against Buell.
• Bragg planned to meet up with General Edmund Kirby Smith and his 18,000 men
• Edmund Kirby Smith
Kirby Smith Begins the Campaign
• Kirby Smith leF Knoxville on August 14, with 21,000 men
• Bragg’s 30,000 men had moved from Cha4anooga, and were now about 100 miles west of Kirby Smith and his army
Kentuckians don’t join Confederacy
• This was a major reason why the campaign was a failure
• More like a large-‐raid of the state than an actual invasion
• Any of the Kentuckians who would’ve joined their cause had already done so
Buell Reorganizes • In the first week of October, he
organized his army into a striking force of 60,000 men. Bragg and Kirby Smith had 40,000 but they were sca4ered about between Lexington and Bardstown
• Buell sent one division on a feint towards Frankfort, deceiving Bragg, pinning nearly half the Confederate force in the town
The Ba4le of Perryville
Results of the ba4le • 4,200 Union casual9es
• 3,400 Confederate casual9es
• No real “winner” of the ba4le
• Bragg decides to abandon the Kentucky Campaign
THE SECOND BATTLE OF MANASSAS – BULL RUN
Pre-‐Ba4le, The Ba4le, Post Ba4le
Key Leaders in The ba4le of Second Manassas
John Pope ~ Union Robert E. Lee ~ Confederacy
Pre-‐Ba4le • Lincoln wanted General John
Pope to shield Washington and support McClellan’s army
• In order to counter Pope’s move into central Virginia, Robert. E. Lee sent General T. J. “Stonewall” Jackson to Gordonsville
The Ba4le • Jackson engaged with a Union
division on August 28, planning to meet with Lee the next day
• On August 29, the Union frequently a4acked Jackson’s line, but was never able to break through
• On August 30, Lee and Jackson launched a massive a4ack against the Union
Post-‐ba4le • Casual9es: • 13,824 Union • 8,353 Confederate
• A Confederate victory, allowing for certain opportuni9es for Lee
THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM Beginning, Midday, and Post-‐Ba4le
Key Leaders in the Ba4le of An9etam
George b. McClellan ~ Union Robert E. Lee ~ Confederacy
Before the ba4le
Confederacy • Lee was hoping to gain a decisive
victory so he could move further into Maryland
• So far, the Confederacy had taken many victories in the war
Union • Lincoln wanted a victory in order
to issue his Emancipa9on Proclama9on
• Also wanted a victory because the Union had been losing terribly at this point in the war
Beginnings of the ba4le • John Hooker’s 1st Corps led the
a4ack at dawn by sweeping down the Hagerstown Pike from the north
• A Confederate division from Harper’s Ferry and another from Burnside’s bridge popped out in the front, flank, and rear of Sumner’s division and pre4y much wiped out the second countera4ack.
Midday Ba4le • The Union fought for the rebel
center, that would later be known as Bloody Lane, and eventually broke through
• Late aFernoon, A. P. Hill’s division arrived as reinforcements and hit Burnside’s flank, causing them to retreat
Post-‐Ba4le • The bloodiest ba4le in the Civil
War and in American History
• Total casual9es from both sides amounted to about 22,000
• A Union victory, and a heavy blow to the South
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Road to emancipa9on, the document, its effect
The road to emancipa9on • Lincoln wanted to emancipate
the slaves long before it was published
• In 1862, the aboli9onist movement was becoming popular in the North
The Document -‐ Opvl • Origin: The Emancipa9on
Proclama9on, Abraham Lincoln, January 1, 1863
• Purpose: Freed the slaves of the Confederacy and promoted the Union idea
• Value: Shows the cause of the Union, and what they were figh9ng for
• Limita9on: It is an official document, and therefore does not say anything it should
The document • Gave the soldiers of the North a
be4er reason to fight for, other than preserving the Union
• African Americans rushed to enlist, providing more support for the Union Army
Bibliography • McPherson, James M.. Ba#le cry of freedom: the Civil War era. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Print. • "An9etam." Civil War Trust. Web. 23 Sept. 2014. <h4p://
www.civilwar.org/ba4lefields/an9etam.html?tab=facts>. • "Ba4le of An9etam." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d.
Web. 23 Sept. 2014. <h4p://www.history.com/topics/american-‐civil-‐war/ba4le-‐of-‐an9etam>.
• "Emancipa9on_Proclama9on." Na;onal Archives and Records Administra;on. Na9onal Archives and Records Administra9on, n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2014. <h4p://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipa9on_proclama9on/>.
• Beck, Tim. Lincoln’s Evolu;on of the Emancipa;on Proclama;on. 2007. Print.