the$geography$of$jazz - alie astolot 2017-2018 · 2019-12-07 · maple!leaf!rag!...

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The Geography of Jazz Instructions: 1. Go to http://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/geographyjazz/ 2. Read the information below and notice the locations on the map 3. On a world map, locate each point with a corresponding number to the information Influences from Abroad The story of jazz starts in the southern United States in the latter half of the 1800s, where slaves imported from Africa were put to work on plantations. Slaves maintained strong musical traditions from SubSaharan and West Africa. These traditions included callandresponse and rhythms based around frenzied drum beats of dances and ceremonies. After slavery was abolished and the AfricanAmerican diaspora began, the traditional African music brought to the U.S. had been tinged with notes from Latin and American folk music of the South. These diverse influences melded into an entirely new sound, rich in distinctive rhythms and unusual musical scales. These traits would eventually evolve into jazz. Wade in the Water "Wade in the Water, ”Ain't Gonna Let Nobody," and "Soon I Will be Done" are traditional spirituals, a type of Christian song created by American slaves. These spirituals are here performed by the a capella group Undefined, of Albany State University, Georgia. The spirituals in this medley address hardships endured by slaves, as well as a steadfast faith. Jazz was enormously influenced by spirituals and other music developed by African American slaves. VIDEO

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Page 1: The$Geography$of$Jazz - Alie Astolot 2017-2018 · 2019-12-07 · Maple!Leaf!Rag! The$early$origins$of$swing$and$jazz$music$canbeheardinthis early$recording$of$Scott$Joplin's$famous$"Maple$Leaf$Rag."$The$

The  Geography  of  Jazz    Instructions:    

1. Go  to  http://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/geography-­‐jazz/  2.  Read  the  information  below  and  notice  the  locations  on  the  map    3.  On  a  world  map,  locate  each  point  with  a  corresponding  number  to  the  information    

Influences  from  Abroad  The  story  of  jazz  starts  in  the  southern  United  States  in  the  latter  half  of  the  1800s,  where  slaves  imported  from  Africa  were  put  to  work  on  plantations.  Slaves  maintained  strong  musical  traditions  from  Sub-­‐Saharan  and  West  Africa.  These  traditions  included  call-­‐and-­‐response  and  rhythms  based  around  frenzied  drum  beats  of  dances  and  ceremonies.  After  slavery  was  abolished  and  the  African-­‐American  diaspora  began,  the  traditional  African  music  brought  to  the  U.S.  had  been  tinged  with  notes  from  Latin  and  American  folk  music  of  the  South.  These  diverse  influences  melded  into  an  entirely  new  sound,  rich  in  distinctive  rhythms  and  unusual  musical  scales.  These  traits  would  eventually  evolve  into  jazz.  

               

Wade  in  the  Water  "Wade  in  the  Water,  ”Ain't  Gonna  Let  Nobody,"  and  "Soon  I  Will  be  Done"  are  traditional  spirituals,  a  type  of  Christian  song  created  by  American  slaves.  These  spirituals  are  here  performed  by  the  a  capella  group  Undefined,  of  Albany  State  University,  Georgia.  The  spirituals  in  this  medley  address  hardships  endured  by  slaves,  as  well  as  a  steadfast  faith.  Jazz  was  enormously  influenced  by  spirituals  and  other  music  developed  by  African  American  slaves.  VIDEO          

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 Maple  Leaf  Rag  The  early  origins  of  swing  and  jazz  music  can  be  heard  in  this  early  recording  of  Scott  Joplin's  famous  "Maple  Leaf  Rag."  The  song  became  a  staple  of  ragtime,  a  new  musical  style  hallmarked  by  distinctive  syncopated,  or  "ragged,"  rhythms,  and  a  quick,  jaunty  tempo.  Joplin,  with  the  help  of  songs  like  "Maple  Leaf  Rag,"  was  able  to  become  one  of  the  first  successful  African-­‐American  musicians  following  the  abolition  of  slavery.  The  tune  would  be  popular  in  the  jazz  community  for  many  years  after  Joplin's  death  in  1917,  and  still  stands  as  one  of  the  iconic  musical  achievements  in  early  jazz.  VIDEO      New  Orleans  Following  the  abolition  of  slavery,  many  African  Americans  migrated  to  New  Orleans,  Louisiana.  New  Orleans  was  an  integral  port  city  offering  more  opportunities  than  rural  regions  in  the  South.    It  was  here  that  jazz  got  its  start.  This  early  jazz,  known  as  Dixieland,  was  pioneered  by  black  musicians,  many  either  freed  slaves  or  relatives  of  freed  slaves.  Dixieland  combined  traditional  African  rhythms,  as  well  as  earlier  styles  like  ragtime  (made  famous  by  Scott  Joplin),  blues,  and  marches.  It  also  included  new  aspects  like  improvisation,  which  remains  a  standard  in  jazz  literature  today.    Tunes  like  "When  the  Saints  Go  Marching  In"  defined  the  Dixieland  style,  and  techniques  like  having  one  instrument  (usually  a  trumpet)  play  a  melody  while  other  instruments  improvise  around  that  melody  harkened  to  the  call-­‐and-­‐response  nature  of  early  African-­‐American  music.  As  the  African-­‐American  diaspora  continued  to  move  out  of  the  South,  jazz  moved  along  with  it.  African-­‐Americans  migrated  into  major  metropolitan  areas  in  the  North  and  Midwest  such  as  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City,  and  New  York  City,  but  New  Orleans  still  remained  the  beating  heart  of  the  fledgling  jazz  culture.  

           

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Original  Dixieland  One-­‐Step  This  period  recording  of  "Original  Dixieland  One-­‐Step"  by  the  Original  Dixieland  Jazz  Band  (before  1917  they  were  known  as  the  Original  Dixieland  Jass  Band)  typifies  the  kind  of  music  that  was  being  performed  in  the  South  during  the  1910s.  With  its  vibrant,  diverse  cultural  atmosphere,  New  Orleans  provided  the  perfect  venue  for  bands  like  the  Original  Dixieland  Jazz  Band  to  establish  jazz  as  a  new  musical  idiom.  VIDEO              When  the  Saints  Go  Marching  In  Louis  Armstrong  is  perhaps  the  musician  most  associated  with  New  Orleans  jazz.  His  career  included  swing,  pop,  and  scat  (vocalizing  sounds  instead  of  actual  lyrics).  Armstrong  never  entirely  abandoned  traditional  Dixieland  jazz,  however,  as  evidenced  by  this  dazzling  1961  interpretation  of  “When  the  Saints  Go  Marching  In”—perhaps  the  definitive  New  Orleans  song.  VIDEO        The  Jazz  Age  By  the  1920s,  Prohibition  (which  banned  the  sale  of  alcoholic  drinks  in  the  U.S.)  had  resulted  in  speakeasies,  establishments  which  sold  contraband  alcohol.  Speakeasies  emerged  as  lively  venues  for  jazz  music.  This  time  period,  known  as  the  "Jazz  Age,"  was  both  a  highly  influential  and  highly  detrimental  time  to  jazz  culture.  Jazz  remained  deeply  rooted  in  New  Orleans,  with  innovative  performers  and  bandleaders  like  Louis  Armstrong  forging  new  ground  for  the  genre  with  the  addition  of  "scat"  singing  (vocalizing  melodic,  nonsensical  words)  and  a  shift  toward  solo  playing.  But  jazz  was  migrating  and  expanding  its  influence.  Jazz  cultivated  in  New  Orleans  moved  into  Chicago  and  Kansas  City  with  African-­‐American  migrants,  and  took  on  the  moniker  of  "hot  jazz."  Due  to  jazz's  reputation  of  being  tied  to  speakeasies,  many  saw  it  as  vulgar  and  immoral,  and  a  key  element  of  the  decadent  “Roaring  ‘20s.”  Regardless,  jazz  was  able  to  persevere,  and  the  period  produced  one  the  first  jazz-­‐inspired  orchestral  pieces,  George  Gershwin's  Rhapsody  in  Blue  (1924),  which  has  become  a  staple  of  20th-­‐century  classical  music.  

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   La  Revue  des  Revues  Josephine  Baker  may  have  epitomized  the  Jazz  Age  more  than  any  other  artist.  Born  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Baker  had  established  herself  as  the  leading  entertainer  in  Europe  by  the  1920s.  Her  loose-­‐limbed,  uninhibited  singing  and  dancing,  seen  here  in  the  1927  French  musical  La  Revue  des  Revues,  exposed  thousands  of  theater-­‐goers  to  jazz  music.  VIDEO        Rhapsody  in  Blue  Rhapsody  in  Blue  (which  premiered  in  1924)  not  only  established  George  Gershwin  as  one  of  America's  foremost  musical  composers,  but  also  showed  the  musical  community  that  classical  and  jazz  music  could  find  a  synthesis.  Rhapsody  in  Blue  saw  jazz  becoming  a  significant  contributor  to  the  American  musical  lexicon  in  the  eyes  of  "high  culture."  VIDEO    Swing  Probably  the  most  genre-­‐typifying  time  in  jazz  was  the  Swing  Era  of  the  1930s  and  '40s,  in  which  jazz  music  spread  across  the  country,  taking  root  in  major  metropolitan  areas  like  Los  Angeles,  Kansas  City,  Chicago,  and  New  York  City.    The  Swing  Era  meant  big  bands,  vocal  leads,  and  danceable  music,  which  moved  jazz  away  from  the  immoral  reputation  it  acquired  during  the  Jazz  Age.  Swing  music  birthed  many  of  the  "big  names"  known  in  jazz  today,  such  as  Benny  Goodman,  Gloria  Parker  (one  of  the  first  female  band  

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leaders),  William  "Count"  Basie,  and  Edward  Kennedy  "Duke"  Ellington.  The  music  alienated  some  African-­‐American  crowds,  as  they  felt  the  style  was  a  departure  from  the  roots  of  jazz.  They  were  concerned  with  the  influx  of  white  players  and  bandleaders  in  a  traditionally  African-­‐American  genre.  Regardless,  swing  was  the  most  popular  form  of  American  music  throughout  much  of  the  1940s,  becoming  the  soundtrack  to  the  Second  World  War.  Up  to  this  point,  jazz  had  almost  specifically  followed  the  African-­‐American  diaspora,  but  by  the  1940s,  it  was  slowly  becoming  more  and  more  national.  

     It  Don’t  Mean  a  Thing  Ella  Fitzgerald’s  flawless  interpretations  of  both  jazz  and  pop  standards  earned  her  the  nicknames  “Queen  of  Jazz,”  and  “First  Lady  of  Song.”  Although  she  enjoyed  success  in  many  styles,  she  is  probably  most  associated  with  swing  music.  This  live  version  of  Duke  Ellington’s  “It  Don’t  Mean  a  Thing  (If  It  Ain’t  Got  that  Swing)”  was  recorded  in  1958  in  Belgium.  Fitzgerald  is  accompanied  by  legendary  Canadian  jazz  pianist  Oscar  Peterson,  whom  Ellington  called  the  “maharaja  of  the  keyboard.”  VIDEO    Sing,  Sing,  Sing  The  quintessential  swing  piece,  "Sing,  Sing,  Sing"  is  still  played  today  by  many  of  the  world's  top  jazz  bands.  This  recording  from  the  1937  film  Hollywood  Hotelfeatures  bandleader  and  "King  of  Swing"  Benny  Goodman,  as  well  as  jazz  legends  Gene  Krupa  on  drums  and  Harry  James  on  trumpet.  With  a  deep  swing  and  fast,  frenetic  beats  heavy  on  brass  instruments,  pieces  like  this  encapsulated  the  Swing  Era.    VIDEO        

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The  Jump  to  Europe  While  swing  music  was  enthralling  American  audiences,  a  new  and  different  type  of  jazz  was  beginning  to  take  shape  in  Europe—more  specifically,  France.  This  new,  guitar-­‐centric,  style  was  called  Gypsy  jazz,  named  for  the  Romany  “Gypsies”  roaming  Europe  who  pioneered  the  genre.  Django  Reinhardt,  a  Romany  himself,  was  a  prolific  guitarist  said  to  have  founded  the  genre.  Using  a  very  heavy  swing,  and  using  laid  back  melodic  lines  along  with  classical  guitar  influences  to  cultivate  a  "distinctly  Parisian"  feel,  Gypsy  jazz  became  the  style  that  cemented  France's  jazz  heritage.  The  jump  across  the  ocean  showed  that  jazz  had  no  boundaries.  Although  it  was  uniquely  American,  it  was  not  immune  to  transformation  by  other  cultures.  Jazz  was  no  longer  an  isolated  musical  movement.      

     La  Mer  Distinctly  French  in  sound  and  feel,  "La  Mer"  ("Beyond  the  Sea")  found  a  welcoming  home  in  the  guitar  of  Gypsy  jazz  pioneers  Django  Reinhardt  and  Stephane  Grappelli.  The  song  embodies  the  jazz  style  in  France  at  the  time,  led  by  stringed  instruments  (guitar  and  violin)  as  opposed  to  the  brass  favored  by  many  American  jazz  musicians.  VIDEO      Besame  Mucho  Oscar  Aleman  was  a  contemporary  of  Djanjo  Reinhardt  and  fellow  guitarist.  While  Reinhardt  incorporated  Romany  music  in  his  jazz  style,  Aleman,  an  Argentinian,  also  incorporated  Latin  beats  and  rhythms,  such  as  tango.  VIDEO    

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"American  Music"  Jazz  in  America  was  one  of  the  most  quickly  evolving  musical  genres  that  anyone  had  ever  encountered.  Every  ten  years  or  so,  a  new  style  would  come  along,  and  the  collective  jazz  conscious  would  shift—admiring  what  came  before,  but  allowing  it  to  retreat.  At  a  certain  point,  some  performers  ceased  calling  it  jazz  altogether.  Jazz  legend  Duke  Ellington  called  it  "American  Music."  This  unique  American  music  was  going  beyond  traditional  swing,  blending  jazz  with  “art  music”  (music  influenced  by  classical  themes  and  new,  experimental  performance  art).  

     Mood  Indigo  Ellington's  "Mood  Indigo"  marks  a  milestone  in  his  career  as  a  jazz  composer  and  player.  Taking  elements  from  classical  music  and  incorporating  them  into  his  piano  playing,  and  by  creating  a  uniformity  in  sound  across  all  instruments,  Ellington  challenged  the  notions  of  what  a  big  band  jazz  piece  could  be.  VIDEO              Straighten  Up  and  Fly  Right  Nat  “King”  Cole  enjoyed  success  as  both  a  jazz  and  pop  performer.  Cole  wrote  the  jazz  standard  “Straighten  Up  and  Fly  Right”  early  in  his  career,  using  syncopated  rhythms  and  lyrics  inspired  by  a  folk  tale  used  in  a  sermon  by  his  Cole’s  father,  a  Baptist  preacher.  VIDEO        

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Bebop  Jazz  was  further  thrust  into  change  by  the  introduction  of  a  new  style  that  developed  in  the  late  1940s  and  continued  to  mature  into  the  1960s.  The  style  was  called  bebop,  and  was  hallmarked  by  fast  tempos,  difficult  music,  and  improvisation.  Ella  Fitzgerald,  Betty  Carter,  Miles  Davis,  and  Charlie  Parker  established  themselves  as  leading  musicians  of  bebop.  The  origins  of  bebop  are  hard  to  determine.  Even  pioneers  like  Thelonious  Monk  said  that  "Bebop  wasn't  developed  in  any  deliberate  way."  Bebop  was  not  meant  to  be  danced  to,  which  was  a  far  shift  from  the  swing  style  that  preceded  it.  Bebop  also  stayed  away  form  New  Orleans,  finding  ground  in  urban  areas  like  Kansas  City,  New  York,  and  Los  Angeles.      At  this  point,  New  Orleans  represented  “old  school”  jazz.  The  legacy  of  Louis  Armstrong  appealed  to  a  nostalgic  crowd,  while  bebop  moved  ever-­‐forward  toward  new,  avant-­‐garde  territory.  

           Anthropology  Charlie  Parker  and  Dizzy  Gillespie  fused  their  own  respective  jazz  mindsets  to  create  1945's  "Anthropology,"  a  fast-­‐paced,  frenetic,  hard-­‐driving  bebop  piece  that  focuses  on  a  rhythm-­‐based  approach  to  music.  This  was  in  stark  contrast  to  the  chord-­‐based  changes  that  took  place  in  earlier  jazz  styles.  VIDEO              

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 'Round  Midnight  Thelonius  Monk’s  “’Round  Midnight”  is  one  of  the  most-­‐recorded  jazz  song  in  history.  The  bebop  classic  has  been  interpreted  by  such  varied  jazz  legends  as  Miles  Davis,  Dexter  Gordon,    Sarah  Vaughn,  and  Charlie  Parker.  Here  the  Thelonius  Monk  Quartet  (Monk  is  on  piano)  performs  an  early  version.    VIDEO                East  Coast  vs  West  Coast  Jazz  By  the  1950s  and  1960s,  a  cultural  divide  had  emerged  in  the  jazz  community.      Cities  on  the  East  Coast  experienced  a  more  brooding  flavor  of  jazz,  with  a  strong  emphasis  on  vocalists  and  solo  work.  Both  white  and  black  musicians  were  a  part  of  this  movement,  which  came  to  be  known  as  “cool  jazz.”  Cool  jazz  lacked  the  nervous  tension  of  bebop  and  replaced  it  with  a  more  laid-­‐back,  calm  tone  focused  on  melody.  Artists  like  Blossom  Dearie,  Etta  James,  and  Miles  Davis  (already  steeped  in  bebop)  were  the  leaders  of  this  revolution,  and  recordings  like  Davis'  Kind  of  Blue  created  a  soundtrack  to  the  movement.    At  the  same  time,  West  Coast  jazz  was  coming  out  of  California,  specifically  Los  Angeles  and  San  Francisco,  where  musicians  like  Chet  Baker  headed  the  scene.  Dave  Brubeck  was  often  seen  as  the  leader  in  West  Coast  jazz,  and  his  recordings,  like  "Take  Five,"  are  synonymous  with  the  style.    Many  criticized  West  Coast  jazz  for  its  focus  on  white  performers,  and  it  was  often  confused  with  cool  jazz  in  metropolitan  areas  like  New  York.  The  clash  in  style  furthered  jazz's  evolution  in  America,  though,  and  showed  that  the  art  was  moving  across  the  country  and  setting  up  shop  in  areas  where  it  didn't  have  the  capacity  just  decades  before.        

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Jeru  Miles  Davis’  The  Birth  of  the  Cool  is  the  best-­‐selling  jazz  album  of  all  time.  “Jeru,”  a  track  from  the  album,    demonstrates  one  of  the  ways  cool  jazz  broke  from  bebop:  the  horn  section’s  consistent  harmony.  "I  wanted  the  instruments  to  sound  like  human  voices  singing,”  Davis  said  of  the  tune.  VIDEO              

Take  Five  Written  by  saxophonist  Paul  Desmond  and  first  performed  by  the  Dave  Brubeck  Quartet  in  1959,  "Take  Five"  stands  as  one  of  the  touchstones  of  jazz  in  the  20th  century.  The  distinctive  5/4  time  signature,  relaxed  feel,  and  that  memorable  melody  all  added  up  to  a  masterpiece  that  typified  jazz  during  this  time.  VIDEO              

Latin  Jazz  Just  as  the  Great  Migration  of  African-­‐Americans  spread  jazz  around  the  country,  a  different  migration  infused  jazz  with  new  cultural  flavors  in  the  late  1950s  and  1960s.    The  growing  Cuban  and  Latin  American  population  in  cities  like  New  York  brought  with  it  its  own  interpretations  of  jazz,  influenced  heavily  by  quick  beats,  flamenco-­‐style  guitar,  and  heavy  use  of  horns.  Tito  Puente,  a  percussionist  and  bandleader,  said  of  Latin  jazz,  "We  play  jazz  with  the  Latin  touch,  that's  all,  you  know."    Jazz  worked  its  way  all  the  way  down  to  Brazil,  where  Afro-­‐Brazilian  jazz  (based  around  samba  and  bossa  nova)  became  a  staple.  Stan  Getz  and  his  breakthrough  "Girl  from  Ipanema"  represented  the  genre’s  calm,  bossa  nova  sound.    Around  this  time,  Dixieland  jazz  began  to  make  a  comeback,  with  both  American  and  international  audiences.  The  influence  of  New  Orleans  legend  Louis  Armstrong  could  still  be  felt  as  the  style  did  well  commercially,  but  was  paid  little  attention  by  critics  who  saw  it  is  "old-­‐fashioned."  

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   New  Arrival  Tito  Puente,  a  New  York  native,  drew  on  the  syncopated  rhythms  familiar  from  his  Puerto  Rican  heritage  to  become  El  Rey  de  los  Timbales  (the  king  of  the  timbales,  a  type  of  shallow  drum).  Puente  and  other  Latin  jazz  legends  are  featured  in  the  documentary  Calle  54,  from  which  this  performance  of  “New  Arrival”  is  taken.  VIDEO                

The  Girl  from  Ipanema  Combining  Portuguese  and  English  lyrics  and  a  laid-­‐back  guitar  and  saxophone  duet,  "The  Girl  from  Ipanema"  features  classic  bossa  nova  textures  and  the  relaxed  feel  that  came  naturally  to  the  cool  jazz  scene.  Stan  Getz,  João  Gilberto,  and  Astrud  Gilberto's  famous  version  of  the  song  still  gets  radio  airplay  today,  and  may  be  the  most  covered  song  in  the  history  of  pop  music.  VIDEO                

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Jazz  is  International  By  the  late  1970s  and  early  1980s,  jazz  had  become  global.  No  longer  was  it  a  solely  American  institution,  or  even  a  Western  Hemisphere  institution.  Jazz  was  international,  and  took  hold  in  many  different  countries.  Jazz  found  influences  in  Asian  and  European  music,  and  became  popular  throughout  Western  Europe,  Japan,  Australia,  and  many  other  regions.      That  isn't  to  say  that  jazz  lost  its  identity—quite  the  opposite.  Jazz  began  to  be  identified  by  where  it  was  played,  a  trait  that  defines  the  genre  today.  Jazz  in  New  Orleans  has  a  totally  different  sound  than  jazz  in  Sweden.      That  is  the  magic  of  the  genre,  that  it  can  be  so  global,  yet  so  local.    

       

 Azerbaijani  Jazz  Jazz  is  now  more  international  than  it  has  ever  been.  Jazz's  reach  has  stretched  as  far  as  Azerbaijan  and  other  nations  of  the  former  Soviet  Union.  Azerbaijan  has  a  rich  jazz  tradition,  dating  as  far  back  as  the  1920s,  and  the  music  has  flourished  so  much  that  Baku,  Azerbaijan's  capital  city,  has  become  the  jazz  center  of  Central  Asia.  Jazz  in  Azerbaijan  uses  a  mix  of  traditional  and  locally  specific  instruments,  such  as  small  accordions  known  as  garmons  (which  can  be  seen  in  the  video)  and  various  types  of  traditional  drums,  to  create  its  unique  sound.  VIDEO        

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 Green  Kalahari  Cape  jazz  is  a  thriving  style  that  has  its  roots  in  the  South  African  city  of  Cape  Town.  Abdullah  Ibrahim  was  driven  out  of  his  native  Cape  Town  by  the  injustices  of  apartheid  in  the  1960s,  although  his  music  still  draws  on  both  the  melancholy  and  vibrancy  of  South  Africa.  VIDEO                  Our  Music  In  1987,  the  U.S.  Congress  passed  a  bill  defining  jazz  as  a  unique  form  of  American  music.  The  resolution  stated  that  "...jazz  is...designated  as  a  rare  and  valuable  national  American  treasure  to  which  we  should  devote  our  attention,  support  and  resources  to  make  certain  it  is  preserved,  understood  and  promulgated."    Jazz  is  important.  In  many  ways,  jazz  tells  not  only  a  story  of  music,  but  a  story  of  place.  Few  cultural  artifacts  have  been  as  influenced  by  place  as  jazz,  and  that  facet  of  jazz  history  and  performance  is  what  makes  the  genre  so  interesting.  Look  through  the  history  of  jazz  and  you  will  invariably  see  the  history  of  the  people  who  played  it.  By  mapping  the  geography  of  jazz,  we  can  see  how  it’s  not  only  an  indicator  of  our  culture,  but  rather  an  indicator  of  our  history.  What  is  jazz?  Louis  Armstrong,  the  grandfather  of  jazz  himself,  sums  it  up  quite  well:  “Man,  if  you  have  to  ask  what  jazz  is,  you'll  never  know.”      Espera  Esperanza  Spalding,  the  first  jazz  musician  to  win  the  Grammy  for  Best  New  Artist,  is  a  bassist,  singer,  and  composer.  Here,  she  plays  “Espera”  at  the  2009  Nobel  Peace  Prize  Concert,  where  her  performance  was  specifically  requested  by  that  year’s  winner  of  the  Nobel  Peace  Prize—U.S.  President  Barack  Obama.      

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   Nature  Boy  Billed  as  "the  greatest  jazz  vocalist  of  his  generation,"  Kurt  Elling  combines  music  from  the  Great  American  Songbook  with  modern  jazz  standards  to  create  his  own  eclectic,  but  wholly  traditional  sound.  This  performance  with  the  Sydney  Symphony  Orchestra  of  the  standard  "Nature  Boy"  shows  that  jazz  has  come  to  embrace  its  past,  but  is  still  in  a  constant  push  forward.