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The Excretory System • How do our bodies eliminate waste?
• _____________ is the elimina:on of metabolic
waste products from our body • The _____________ regula:on of CO2, salts (Ca2+,
Na+, H+), nitrogenous wastes, drugs, pes:cides, and food addi:ves
• _______L of blood are filtered daily by the kidneys • ________ material: reabsorbed back into blood • ________: drained into the bladder
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Excre:on • ______________: the removal of an amino group from an organic compound, occurs in the liver
• The _________ group is then excreted as either: – ___________: this is an extremely toxic, water-‐soluble gas
– __________: nitrogen waste formed from two molecules of ammonia and one molecule of carbon dioxide
– _________ ________: waste product formed from the breakdown of nucleic acids
– These products are excreted by the ___________
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The Kidney • There are ___ kidneys in the human body • Each kidney has three layers – The outer layer : _________ – The inner layer : __________ – Hollow chamber: ________ _________
• The func:onal unit of the kidneys is called the ___________ – There are 1 million nephrons per kidney
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The Structure of the Kidney
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The Func:ons of the Kidney
• The kidneys are responsible for: – Ion regula:on and osmoregula:on: regula:on of __________ and ___________ balance
– __________ management: excre:on of metabolic wastes like urea, excess H+ ions and drugs – Balances blood _____ – Hormone produc:on: func:on as an _______________ gland releasing hormones like Vitamin D
– Gluconeogenesis: ____________ produc:on from non-‐carbohydrate sources
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The Urinary System • The kidney holds as much as ______% of the body’s blood at
any given :me • _______ is filtered from the blood and is then transferred to
the urinary bladder by ureters • Ureters: tubes that conduct urine from the kidneys to the
bladder • Urethra: tubes that carry urine from the bladder to the exterior
of the body • Cortex: outer layer of kidney • Medulla: area inside of the cortex • Renal pelvis: area where the kidney joins the ureter
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The Nephron • Nephrons: func:onal units of the kidneys • Afferent arterioles: small branches that carry blood to the glomerulus • Glomerulus: high pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtra:on • Efferent arterioles: small branches that carry blood away from the
glomerulus to a capillary net • Peritubular capillaries: network of small blood vessels that surround the
nephron • Bowman’s capsule: cuplike structure that surrounds the glomerulus • Proximal Tubule: sec:on of the nephron joining the Bowman’s capsule
with the loop of Henle • Loop of Henle: carries filtrate from the proximal tubule to the distal
tubule • Distal tubule: conducts urine from the loop of Henle to the collec:ng
duct • CollecGng duct: tube that carries urine from nephrons to the pelvis of a
kidney