the$alloca*on$of$responsibility$amongstmul*ple$agents$ - the allocation of...

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The Alloca*on of Responsibility amongst Mul*ple Agents Tobias Gerstenberg & David A. Lagnado, University College London RESEARCH QUESTIONS How do people allocate responsibility between mul*ple agents? How should people allocate responsibility between mul*ple agents? I) CAUSAL STRUCTURE Does the way in which individual contribuBons combine influence people’s responsibility aGribuBons? II) INTENTIONS vs. OUTCOMES To what extent are people’s responsibility aGribuBons influenced by intended versus actual outcomes? III) ORDER EFFECTS Does the posiBon in a causal chain influence an agent’s responsibility? DISCUSSION factors that influence responsibility ra*ngs in group contexts: 1) causal structure 2) inten*onality 3) temporal order individual contribu*on & poten*al of making a difference important aim: develop norma*ve & descrip*ve model of responsibility aOribu*on for group contexts relevant for: business contexts, legal cases, team sports, … C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 f(C i ) E Player DeviaBon John 0 Kathy 1 Mark 3 Tom 2 Win if 1. sum ≤ 6 2. least ≤ 2 3. most = 0 Result Group's DeviaBon win 0 loss 3 win 6 1 st step: Triangle Count 2 nd step: Responsibility RaBng Player A Choice of die Roll Player B Choice of die Roll Player C Choice of die Roll Responsibility A, B, C Team's result IntenBon Outcome “Even a dog can tell the difference between being stumbled over and kicked at.” JusBce Holmes intenBon group outcome group a) b) b) b) c) d) a) b) b) b) c) d) References Gerstenberg, T. & Lagnado, D. A. (2010). Spreading the blame: The alloca*on of responsibility amongst mul*ple agents. Cogni,on, 115, 166171. Gerstenberg, T., Lagnado, D. A. & Kareev, Y. (2010). The dice are cast: The role of intended versus actual contribu*ons in responsibility aOribu*on. In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cogni,ve Science Society. Aus,n, TX: Cogni,ve Science Society, 16971702. sequenBal simultaneous vs. 1 st step: Outcome predicBon 2 nd step: Responsibility RaBng Losses Wins

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  • The  Alloca*on  of  Responsibility  amongst  Mul*ple  Agents  Tobias  Gerstenberg  &  David  A.  Lagnado,  University  College  London    

    RESEARCH  QUESTIONS  How  do  people  allocate  responsibility  between  mul*ple  agents?    

    How  should  people  allocate  responsibility  between  mul*ple  agents?    

    I)  CAUSAL  STRUCTURE    Does  the  way  in  which  individual  contribuBons  combine  influence  people’s  responsibility  aGribuBons?    

    II)  INTENTIONS  vs.  OUTCOMES  To  what  extent  are  people’s  responsibility  aGribuBons    influenced  by  intended    versus  actual  outcomes?    

    III)  ORDER  EFFECTS  

    Does  the  posiBon  in  a    causal  chain  influence  an  agent’s  responsibility?    

    DISCUSSION  –  factors  that  influence  responsibility  ra*ngs  in  group  contexts:  1)  causal  structure  2)  inten*onality    

                                             3)  temporal  order    

    –  individual  contribu*on  &  poten*al  of  making  a  difference  important  

    –  aim:  develop  norma*ve  &  descrip*ve  model  of      responsibility  aOribu*on  for  group  contexts  

    –  relevant  for:  business  contexts,  legal  cases,  team  sports,  …  

    C1

    C2

    C3

    C4

    f(Ci) E

    Player   DeviaBon  

    John   0  

    Kathy   1  

    Mark   3  

    Tom   2  

    Win  if  

    1.  sum    ≤  6  2.  least  ≤  2  3.  most  =  0  

    Result  Group's  DeviaBon  

    win  0  

    loss  3  

    win  6  

    1st  step:  Triangle  Count   2nd  step:  Responsibility  RaBng  

    Player  A  Choice  of    

    die  Roll  

    Player  B  Choice  of    

    die  Roll  

    Player  C  Choice  of  

     die  Roll  

    Responsibility  A,  B,  C  

    Team's    result  

    IntenBon   Outcome  

    “Even  a  dog  can  tell  the  difference  

    between  being  stumbled  over  and  kicked  at.”            -‐  JusBce  Holmes  

                                     intenBon  group                                                                    outcome  group  

    a)   b)   b)   b)   c)   d)   a)   b)   b)   b)   c)   d)  

    References  Gerstenberg,  T.  &  Lagnado,  D.  A.  (2010).  Spreading  the  blame:  The  alloca*on  of  responsibility  

    amongst  mul*ple  agents.  Cogni,on,  115,  166-‐171.  

    Gerstenberg,  T.,  Lagnado,  D.  A.  &  Kareev,  Y.  (2010).  The  dice  are  cast:  The  role  of  intended  versus  actual  contribu*ons  in  responsibility  aOribu*on.  In  S.  Ohlsson  &  R.  Catrambone  (Eds.),  Proceedings  of  the  32nd  Annual  Conference  of  the  Cogni,ve  Science  Society.  Aus,n,  TX:  Cogni,ve  Science  Society,  1697-‐1702.    

    sequenBal  

    simultaneous  

    vs.  

    1st  step:  Outcome  predicBon   2nd  step:  Responsibility  RaBng  

    Losses   Wins