the$alloca*on$of$responsibility$amongstmul*ple$agents$ - the allocation of...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Alloca*on of Responsibility amongst Mul*ple Agents Tobias Gerstenberg & David A. Lagnado, University College London
RESEARCH QUESTIONS How do people allocate responsibility between mul*ple agents?
How should people allocate responsibility between mul*ple agents?
I) CAUSAL STRUCTURE Does the way in which individual contribuBons combine influence people’s responsibility aGribuBons?
II) INTENTIONS vs. OUTCOMES To what extent are people’s responsibility aGribuBons influenced by intended versus actual outcomes?
III) ORDER EFFECTS
Does the posiBon in a causal chain influence an agent’s responsibility?
DISCUSSION – factors that influence responsibility ra*ngs in group contexts: 1) causal structure 2) inten*onality
3) temporal order
– individual contribu*on & poten*al of making a difference important
– aim: develop norma*ve & descrip*ve model of responsibility aOribu*on for group contexts
– relevant for: business contexts, legal cases, team sports, …
C1
C2
C3
C4
f(Ci) E
Player DeviaBon
John 0
Kathy 1
Mark 3
Tom 2
Win if
1. sum ≤ 6 2. least ≤ 2 3. most = 0
Result Group's DeviaBon
win 0
loss 3
win 6
1st step: Triangle Count 2nd step: Responsibility RaBng
Player A Choice of
die Roll
Player B Choice of
die Roll
Player C Choice of
die Roll
Responsibility A, B, C
Team's result
IntenBon Outcome
“Even a dog can tell the difference
between being stumbled over and kicked at.” -‐ JusBce Holmes
intenBon group outcome group
a) b) b) b) c) d) a) b) b) b) c) d)
References Gerstenberg, T. & Lagnado, D. A. (2010). Spreading the blame: The alloca*on of responsibility
amongst mul*ple agents. Cogni,on, 115, 166-‐171.
Gerstenberg, T., Lagnado, D. A. & Kareev, Y. (2010). The dice are cast: The role of intended versus actual contribu*ons in responsibility aOribu*on. In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cogni,ve Science Society. Aus,n, TX: Cogni,ve Science Society, 1697-‐1702.
sequenBal
simultaneous
vs.
1st step: Outcome predicBon 2nd step: Responsibility RaBng
Losses Wins