“the world would be happier if men had the same capacity to be silent that they have to speak”...
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“The world would be happier if men had the same capacity to be silent that they have to speak”Baruch Spinoza
The Invisible Component
Yoram M Kalman
Research carried out under the supervision of professor Sheizaf Rafaeli, The Center for the Research of the Information Society
Silence in online education
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of
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Expectancy
Evaluation
Explanations
Uncertainty
Hurt feelings
Snapshot
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The Power of Enron e-mails
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Google answers
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University forums
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Dataset Average response latency ()
Percentile rank of
Percentile rank of 10
Enron emailsn=15,815
28.76 hours
86% 97%
Google answersn=40,072
1.58 hours 84% 97%
University forum n=115,416
23.52 hours
80% 99%
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The Power of Enron e-mails
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
Days
Nu
mb
er
Google answers
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
Hours
Nu
mb
er
University forums
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
Days
Nu
mb
er
Dataset Average response latency ()
Percentile rank of
Percentile rank of 10
Enron emailsn=15,815
28.76 hours
86% 97%
Google answersn=40,072
1.58 hours 84% 97%
University forum n=115,416
23.52 hours
80% 99%
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Chronemic Expectancy Violations
Evaluation
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High Valence Low Valence
1-day
2-w eeks
never
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1.5
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Expectedness Evaluation
One-day
Two- weeks
Never
Social attraction - high valence
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1-day
2-weeks
never
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Silence Tales
When?Hot spots
Why?Not seenIntention to respondNo intention to
respondWhat?
Hurt feelingsUncertaintyFurther attempts
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Towards a Model of Online Responsiveness and Silence
Three chronemic zonesChronemic expectanciesCauses of silence
Sender modelIntended recipient model
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Towards a Model cont.
Pause: period of time between message and its response (Tannen, 1985)
Delay, Silence: No response
Expected: typical, majority of the casesAcceptable: untypical but still within norms
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The Sender Model
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The Intended Recipient Model
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Limitations of the Model
More descriptive, less explanatoryDyadic, emailOrganizational contextFirst order interactions
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Implications for Online Education
Make the implicit, explicit Focus on the silence hotspots Focus on causes of online silence Create better rapport with online learnersUnderstand:
SilenceLurkingPausesSilencing