The World EconomyThe World EconomyEuropean ExplorationEuropean Exploration

MotivesMotives

GGoldold•Desire for raw resources & ag landDesire for raw resources & ag land•Desire to establish new trade Desire to establish new trade

routes to new marketsroutes to new markets GGodod

•Spread ChristianitySpread Christianity GGlorylory

•Build an empire to glorify rulersBuild an empire to glorify rulers

Limitations of MotivesLimitations of Motives

All the motive in the world will All the motive in the world will not produce exploration w/o the not produce exploration w/o the ability to do soability to do so

•Exploration in period of global Exploration in period of global interaction result of:interaction result of:

changes in technologychanges in technology

Technological AidsTechnological Aids

New sturdier ships New sturdier ships •Needed for ocean travelNeeded for ocean travel•Experience in N.Atlantic vs. MedExperience in N.Atlantic vs. Med

Maneuverability Maneuverability •Added a rudderAdded a rudder

SailsSails•Combined square & lateen sails to Combined square & lateen sails to

advance in uncooperative windsadvance in uncooperative winds

Technological AidsTechnological Aids

Navigation instruments Navigation instruments Astrolabe / cross staffsAstrolabe / cross staffs CompassCompass

Winds & currents Winds & currents Volta do marVolta do mar

Notable ExplorersNotable Explorers

World Economies in 1500World Economies in 1500Note the red line marking the world known to W. Europe

Columbus’ View of WorldColumbus’ View of WorldW. Europe’s lack of knowledge = misperceptions

European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas = =

•agreement b/t Spain & Portugal agreement b/t Spain & Portugal in 1494 in which Spain got in 1494 in which Spain got rights to all lands west of the rights to all lands west of the line of demarcation & Portugal line of demarcation & Portugal got all lands east.got all lands east.

European Exploration:European Exploration:Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas

•Why these two countries?Why these two countries?•Who has the authority to create Who has the authority to create

such agreements?such agreements?•Why was a treaty needed?Why was a treaty needed?•Why would Spain & Portugal agree Why would Spain & Portugal agree

to these terms?to these terms?

European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

World PowersWorld Powers = = • Countries with greatest global Countries with greatest global

influence: influence: 1.1. PortugalPortugal

2.2. SpainSpain

3.3. Netherlands (Dutch)Netherlands (Dutch)

4.4. EnglandEngland

• What do they have in common?What do they have in common?

Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas

European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange = =

•massive swap of people, massive swap of people, diseases, plants, & animals b/t diseases, plants, & animals b/t New World & Old World upon New World & Old World upon arrival of Christopher arrival of Christopher Columbus.Columbus.

European Exploration:European Exploration:Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

European Exploration:European Exploration:Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

European Exploration:European Exploration:Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

European Exploration:European Exploration:Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

Examples:Examples:

Old to New WorldOld to New World New to Old WorldNew to Old WorldSmall PoxSmall PoxHorsesHorsesSugarcaneSugarcaneAfricansAfricansWheatWheat

PotatoesPotatoesCornCornTomatoesTomatoesTobaccoTobacco

MercantilismMercantilismManufactured goods

Raw materials

MotherCountr

y

MotherCountr

yColonyColony

Cheap labor

ChristianityChristianity

ChristianityChristianity

ChristianityChristianity

ChristianityChristianity