the world bank group’s efforts on science,...
TRANSCRIPT
The World Bank Group’s Efforts on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI)
for the SDGs
Public Seminar, WB Tokyo Office
Klaus TilmesNaoto Kanehira
October 22, 2017
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Contents
1. STI for SDGs – Why?
2. The WBG on STI
3. Toward Japan-WBG Partnership on STI
Architecture of Agenda 2030
• 17 Goals, 169 Targets
• Financing for Development (“billions to trillions”)• Science, Technology and Innovation (TFM)• Institutions/capacity building, trade, partnerships, data
Vision
Goals
Means of Implementation
Follow-up and Review Mechanisms
• People• Planet• Prosperity• Peace• Partnerships
• High Level Political Forum (Annual Progress Review)• Global Indicator Framework
4
“Mapping” the UN System’s STI initiatives
• 1,600 STI initiatives, worth 2,600 staff FTE, $1b budget, $120b loans and grants
• 7 agencies host most of the STI initiatives: World Bank, FAO, ITU, WIPO, UNEP, UNESCO and UNIDO
• STI as second “Means of Implementation,” next to Finance for Development
23 commitments related to STI, in Addis Ababa Action Agenda
26 out of the 169 targets on STI, under the 17 SDGs
• 20 UN Agencies, with some known STI involvements
5
Mutually reinforcing domains and instruments of support
Science Innovation Technology
Domains120
80
210mid-scale
infra-scale
small-scale
eGovstat,
landscapeR&D
sci-diplomacy, policy interface
STEM, TVETinnovation ecosystem sector-spec.
innovationsocial/inclusive
innovationscale-agnostic
Instruments
International National Local190
130
70knowledgeproductiondata conve-
ning
norm, policy guideline, standard, tool
secretariat
country diagnostics
technicalassistance len-
ding
protocols
matchmaking, transfer
tech center
incubation, competition
training
$50+m
$~10m$~30m$~50m
$ 5.0+b
$ ~0.1b$ ~0.5b$ ~5.0bAgencies’
budgetRecipients’
loan or grant
6
Mutually reinforcing domains and instruments of support
Science Innovation Technology
Domains120
80
210mid-scale
infra-scale
small-scale
eGovstat,
landscapeR&D
sci-diplomacy, policy interface
STEM, TVETinnovation ecosystem sector-spec.
innovationsocial/inclusive
innovationscale-agnostic
Instruments
International National Local190
130
70knowledgeproductiondata conve-
ning
norm, policy guideline, standard, tool
secretariat
country diagnostics
technicalassistance len-
ding
protocols
matchmaking, transfer
tech center
incubation, competition
training
$50+m
$~10m$~30m$~50m
$ 5.0+b
$ ~0.1b$ ~0.5b$ ~5.0bAgencies’
budgetRecipients’
loan or grant
CGIAR
CGIAR
7
Mutually reinforcing domains and instruments of support
Science Innovation Technology
Domains120
80
210mid-scale
infra-scale
small-scale
eGovstat,
landscapeR&D
sci-diplomacy, policy interface
STEM, TVETinnovation ecosystem sector-spec.
innovationsocial/inclusive
innovationscale-agnostic
Instruments
International National Local190
130
70knowledgeproductiondata conve-
ning
norm, policy guideline, standard, tool
secretariat
country diagnostics
technicalassistance len-
ding
protocols
matchmaking, transfer
tech center
incubation, competition
training
$50+m
$~10m$~30m$~50m
$ 5.0+b
$ ~0.1b$ ~0.5b$ ~5.0bAgencies’
budgetRecipients’
loan or grant
Investments
8
Mutually reinforcing domains and instruments of support
Science Innovation Technology
Domains120
80
210mid-scale
infra-scale
small-scale
eGovstat,
landscapeR&D
sci-diplomacy, policy interface
STEM, TVETinnovation ecosystem sector-spec.
innovationsocial/inclusive
innovationscale-agnostic
Instruments
International National Local190
130
70knowledgeproductiondata conve-
ning
norm, policy guideline, standard, tool
secretariat
country diagnostics
technicalassistance len-
ding
protocols
matchmaking, transfer
tech center
incubation, competition
training
$50+m
$~10m$~30m$~50m
$ 5.0+b
$ ~0.1b$ ~0.5b$ ~5.0bAgencies’
budgetRecipients’
loan or grant
InfoDev, XL Africa
Flagship reports such as Future of Manufacturing
Country projects
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WB is by far the largest STI development solution provider…
Agencies
Staff FTE Estimated Annual Budget ($m) Recipient Resource ($b)
Estimated Inputs for “Primary” STI initiatives
Grant Loan/credit
84
n.a.
n.a.
281
339
39
44
60
70
129
90 17
122 42
0.01
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
11
-
-
-
-
27.2
0.1 -
0.2 -
InternationalGovernment Local
STIScience
InnovationTechnology
10
…across al SDGs and focusing on direct country support
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Time to impact… STI as accelerator, but need for change
World Bank
Mobilizing the World Bank Group efforts
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Contents
1. STI for SDGs – Why?
2. The WBG on STI
3. Toward Japan-WBG Partnership on STI
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CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research)
14
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ID4D (Identification for Development)
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Lack of ID makes it difficult for individuals to...
1.5 billion peopleand 37% of Africans*
are unable to prove their identity
Most unregistered children and adults come from
vulnerable populations: poor rural households,
women, children, refugees, and stateless populations
…which, on a systemic level, results in…
• Economic, political, and social exclusionfor vulnerable populations
• Service delivery and governance challenges: leakages and ineffective targeting in programs
• Consistent difficulty tracking development progress due to unreliable data
Access bank accounts, credit,
or capital
Prove eligibility for health, pension, or social
entitlements
Cross borders legally
Vote in elections
Prove property ownership
or inheritance
IFC VENTURE CAPITAL FUND INVESTS IN LEADING DISRUPTORS IN EMERGING MARKETS
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Market Leading Disruptors
# Active Investments Strategic Approach Geographies Total Reach
FintechbKash
InterswitchFawry
25Digital Finance
Strategy, Fintech Emerge*
Africa, MENA, Asia, LAC
~60M customer accounts reached
E-Commerce (including E-Logistics)
Truck AllianceBigBasketLenskart
10 Logistics, SME Marketplaces
MENA, Asia, LAC
53M consumers served, 3M drivers
employed
Ed-TechAndela
CourseraBridge
4 Africa, SSA 22.3M students
Health Tech Sala UnoNephroplus 5 TechEmerge** Asia, LAC 1.2M patients
Cleantech MicrovastAzure 15 Distributed Solar
StrategyAsia, Africa,
LAC~370 GWh of clean
energy
* Matchmaking program hosted by Fintech team ** Matchmaking program hosted by VC team, matching healthcare startups with large corporates in India.
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Surfacing and incubating breakthrough ideas
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Country Projects – Kenya example
18
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Thought Leadership
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Contents
1. STI for SDGs – Why?
2. The WBG on STI
3. Toward Japan-WBG Partnership on STI
Strictly Confidential © 2014
日本は民間の自助努力による研究開発で全盛期を築いた
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0
20
40
60
80
100
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Solar panelDVD playerLCD panelDRAM
Hybrid car
Li-ion battery
Car navigation system
Global market share of Japanese manufacturersPercent
2010
“失われた”20年
23
Strictly Confidential © 2014
同時期に中国は低賃金労働国から自動化最先進国に
Source: World Bank, Trouble in the Making? Future of Manufacturing-Led Development, 201724
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Smartphone Infrastructure
2017前半:HuaweiがAppleを抜き2位に浮上
2017前半(モバイル): Huawei 30%Ericsson 28%
Nokia 24%
世界でのモバイル・デジタル拡大自体が中国企業の利益
Strictly Confidential © 2014
民間研究開発の規模で、間もなく中国は米国に追随
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Strictly Confidential © 2014
産構審/新産業ビジョンのメッセージ…「危機感」
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Strictly Confidential © 2014
産業界の声を集約して出てくる分野別METI施策は国内のみ
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Strictly Confidential © 2014
構造的施策も(ほぼ)国内のみ
29
Strictly Confidential © 2014
日本企業のGlobal Footprintはアジアで4位、アフリカで僅少… STIによる投資の質の差はあれど、貢献可能性の母数が小さい
Developing Asia Africa
Source: UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2017
Top Investor economies by FDI Stock, 2010 and 2015($bn)
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中国企業:推定10,000社(日本企業約500社)
Strictly Confidential © 2014
ビジョンには(根拠はさておき)、国際競争力ないしRelevanceがある
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Strictly Confidential © 2014
国内科学コミュニティは、実態が弱くとも意志はある…
100
80
60
40
20
10 20 30 40 50
Proportion of national publication output produced in collaboration with other countries (%)
US
China
UK Germany
Japan
France
S. Africa
SingaporeRussia
Brazil
S. KoreaItaly
IranIndia
Turkey
Number of collaborative papers published per year (1,000 papers; 1996-2008)
32
Strictly Confidential © 2014
個社別には例外的に、先進国・途上国双方に向け目覚ましい動きもある
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トヨタ ソフトバンク
Strictly Confidential © 2014
日本の産業構造を踏まえると、日本企業の国内・海外での振る舞い、開発視点で見た影響と、日本の政策対応は世界のモデルとなりうる
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“Service intensity”
Industries with “triple effects”(日本のSTI牽引業界)
Source: World Bank, Trouble in the Making? Future of Manufacturing-Led Development, 2017
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• 特に国際会議や世銀を通じ主張しなくても国際社会から注目され期待される
• 特にタマを探さなくても輸出競争力のある商品・技術が明白
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SETTING THE STAGE – WHAT IT TAKES高度経済成長期の国 斜陽の国
• 担い手の企業・人材が質・量とも圧倒的不足
• 短期的には、貢献が分かりやすく主張できるSTIのタマを探し、吟味して発信する必要
• 国際開発におけるSTI主流化から、日本が
大規模に持続的に裨益するには、実体経済の変容、内向きからの脱却が併せて必要
• これは世銀・財務省のマンデートではないが、世銀のSTI主流化を日本が後押しすることで企業・人材の国際接点を促すことはできる
• 幸い、今はまだ日本のSTIは国際社会から、(過大?)評価と期待を受けている
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Conclusions
1. Invitation to Collaborate
2. Winners and Losers
3. Private Sector Role
Q&A