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Folder Title: Chronological files (incoming) - Chrons 19

Folder ID: 1771808

ISAD(G) Reference Code: WB IBRD/IDA 03 EXC-10-4542S

Series: General correspondence

Sub-Fonds: Records of President Robert S. McNamara

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1771808 A1995-258 Other#: 3 3096788

Chronological files (incoming) - Chrons 19

DECLASSIFIED WBG Archives

O'-C1CE MEMORANDl J\I1 TO: Mr. Robert S. MCN~ra I~

Through: Hollis B. Chenery, VPD ~_~~ FROM: Mahbub u 1 Haq, Director, PPR r;,)v

DATE : June 30, 1978

SUBJECT: Basic Needs Paper on Sri Lanka '

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'?~J-' ." CHI~IO 1. The attached paper, "The Relationship of Basic Needs to Gr"owt';f(~ Income Distribution and Employment: The Case of Sri Lanka," was pre­pared by the Policy Planning and Program Review Department. It is the first of a series of seven country papers scheduled under the Basic Needs Policy Work Program. The paper was reviewed at a staff level by a PRC meeting chaired by Mr. Chenery; its minutes are attached.

2. On the key question of tradeoffs between basic needs and growth,

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the paper finds that there were indeed tradeoffs in Sri Lanka, because basic needs programs accounted for about half of current government ex­penditures and because pressure from voters kept successive governments from cutting back these programs in order to increase investment. There have also been some indirect negative effects on economic policies. On the other hand, the accomplishments in meeting basic needs have been so extraordinary that it is difficult to argue that the tradeoffs were not worthwhile. Sri Lanka has the highest social indicators, in relation to its income level, of any country for which the Bank has data. Look­ing ahead, Sri Lanka's educated labor force and low population growth should be major assets in its efforts to accelerate growth. In addition, the paper finds that Sri Lanka's poor growth performance in the 1970's was much more the result of poor economic management and adverse terms of trade than of its social programs, which also deteriorated during this period. During the 1960's, while there was much to criticize in economic management, Sri Lanka's growth was above average for countries under $200 per capita.

3. The paper also includes several other points of interest. First, while the food ration program was unaffordab1y expensive because of its nearly universal coverage, it appears to have substantially improved the total consumption of the poor, their nutritional status, and, in food-short years, their mortality rates. (The new Government has recently made the ration program more targeted by eliminating the top half of the income distribution from its coverage.) Second, the rapid spread of secondary education and, to some extent, basic needs programs have con­tributed to Sri Lanka's high unemployment rate. Third, although the dis­tribution of income is not particularly equal in Sri Lanka, Government programs make total consumption of goods and services much more equal than the distribution of income per see In effect, social programs have sub­stituted for the more radical redistribution of assets and income which some have argued to be essential to meet basic needs in low income countries. Also, over the past fifteen years, there appears to have been a positive

Mr. Robert S. McNa a - 2 - June 30, 1978.

relationship between the growth rate and improvements in income distribution. Fourth, Sri Lanka's experience invites us to reconsider the necessary conditions for meeting basic needs: its education system is traditional and not oriented to basic needs; there is little 'participation• in its local-level development institutions, although there is extensive partici­pation in its political system; and although few people in Sri Lanka have access to safe drinking water, infant mortality is only 45 per thousand and 1 ife expectancy 66 years. This does not mean, of course, that Sri Lanka would not have done even better with more relevant education, more participation in local development institutions, or good water supply.

4. Overall, while Sri Lanka is in many ways a unique product of its own economic, political and cultural history, it has achieved a great deal in meeting basic needs and offers useful insights into problems, and opportunities, raised by basic needs approaches. I believe that specific country studies of this kind are going to prov~ very useful in clarifying operational issues.

5. If you approve, we would like to distribute the attached study the President's Council for their information.

Attachments.

TO:

FROM:

SUBJECT:

WL.. 'LD BANK I INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORA liON

OFFICE MEMORANDUM Mr. Robert S. MCNamara

Ernest Ste~ President

WDR - Reactions (5)

DATE:

We met with Mr. Hanfland. He thought the WDR excellent and felt it would be very helpful politically. He was very interested in what we foresaw for future issues. He has not yet heard from Bonn, but he expects no adverse comment.

Certainly supports publication.

cc: Mr. Rao EStern/ls

TO:

FROM:

SUBJECT:

VV v HLD BAN K I INTER NATI ONAL FINAN CE CORPORATION

OFFICE MEMORANDUM

Mr. Robert s. ,J)~mara

Ernest ste~ President

WDR - Reactions (4)

DATE:

D.C. Rao and I met with Messrs. Murayama and Iwasaki. After being regaled with his version of your Tokyo "shocku", Mr. Murayama started off by complimenting D.C. on a "truly excellent" report, well written, comprehensive and easy to read. He has only a few comments, but he has not yet had any instructions from Tokyo.

He had no difficulty with the treatment of trade or protectionism but noted that Japan, which is listed as one of the countries taking protectionist action on footwear, had a special social problem in this industry. Leather workers generally were of immigrant stock, not accepted in Japan's social structure (see Reischauer), very poor and with limited alternative employment opportunities.

He also commented that he was opposed to increasing ODA simply to oend terms for middle-income countries and thus reduce the need for s.ound ­management of the economy and their debt. This concern seemed to stem from a confusion between ODA and lending by official institutions at near-marke~ terms. We explained that this was not a rationale for expanding ODA; our argument was that there should be a better balance between private sector lending with relatively short maturities and lending of non-concessional capital by official institutions. He agrees with that proposition.

Mr. Murayama strongly supported the need for adjustment and said governments should not stand in the way of the competitive pressures which force these adjustments. However, he thought our suggestion for international surveillance was too strong, since any such mechanism could be used by the s,trong (read U. S .) to push others to compensate for their inaction. We explained that what we had in mind was quite mild and that, by putting these issues up to more public discussion, it would help avoid excessive bilateral pressures.

Finally, as to publication, Mr. Murayama seemed all in favor of it and, in fact, had already been advised that a Japanese translation was in hand.

cc: Mr. Rao EStern/Is

Iv. ~ riLD BANK I INTERNATI ONAL FINANCE CORPORATION

OFFICE MEMORANDUM TO: Mr. Robert S. McNamara

FROM: Ernest Stern~ President

SU 8J ECT: WDR - Reactions (3)

DATE:

D.C. Rao and I met with Mr. Cassou. He stressed that his comments were preliminary - but he also said that he had talked to Paris about the report.

He prefaced his comments by referring to his observations last June when we informed the Board of the proposed report. At that time, he expressed doubt about the utility of such a report and about the wisdom of the Bank preparing such a report. The WDR has done nothing to allay these concerns.

He found our treatment of protectionism excessive (seven pages) and unbalanced - there is no reference to the positive things the industrialized countries have done. He noted that the only place France was mentioned was in a list of countries which have restricted footwear imports. The Bank has no or little competence in trade, which is a highly complex matter, and we do no service by entering into this matter, reinforcing the media clamor about protectionist action.

The reference to STABEX should have been laudatory. This is a system which should be established worldwide.

Inadequate attention had been given to concessional aid which, after all, was the main problem and an appropriate subject for the Bank.

The reference to the growth of Bank capital (bottom of Page 114) was self-serving. We should simply refer to the need for growth of all international financial institutions.

He very much liked Chapters V-VII, the discussion of development s tra tegies in the LDCs.

On publication, he said that he supposed we looked forward to wide distribution of the report. If so, some changes should be made in Pages 26-30. That is as positive a statement as France has made on publication. Mr. Cassou is leaving for Paris today and his view on publication may well change.

cc: Mr. Rao EStern/Is

TO:

FROM:

SUBJ ECT:

\. -..'MLD BANK I INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION

OFFICE MEMORANDUM

Mr. Robert S. McNamara

Ernest Stern~ President

WDR - Reactions (1)

John Lewis, who had received a copy of the WDR from AID where he is working on an overview paper for Mr. Gilligan, called to say he thought it an excellent piece of work. Right focus, right treatment of issues and interesting discussion of LDC development strategy issues. His principal concern was whether the projected effort, and the rate of agricultural growth in low income countries, was the maximum feasible since it was still so inadequate in terms of poverty alleviation.

cc: Mr. Rao EStern/1s

T O :

FROM:

SUBJECT:

v. _ ,~LD BANK / INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION

OFFICE MEMORANDUM

Mr. Robert Si7~Namara

Ernest Ste~ce President

WDR - Reactions (2)

DATE: June 29, 1978

D.C. Rao and I met with Messrs. Magnussen, Looijen, Drake and Deare. While all had read the report, not all had fully digested the WDR. Mr. Looijen had gone over it in great detail. None had yet received comments from capitals. None had any adverse comments. They all agreed the topics covered were the right ones; Chapters V-VII were of particular interest and importance; and the international issues (trade, commercial capital and aid) were the proper ones to pose for discussion. The conversation quickly shifted to how the report could be gotten to its audience as soon as possible. They urged unanimously that we publish immediately after the Board discussion and disseminate as broadly as possible.

cc: Mr. Rao EStern/1s

THE we ) BANK

Office of the President

June 27 i~.

Mr. McNamara:

Peter Powers, General Counsel Smithsonian, called about the attached let ~~~~'M~~~ the Fluid Coal Corporation to learn about yo~--­reaction to the proposal. He is going to Boston for a few days nd will call again~~y~iO ~ J?~

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FLUID COA~ORATION Care of

Mr. Willing B. Foulke 109 Greenridge Road

Wilm ington, Delaware 19805/ U.S.A.

Mr. Robert S • McNamara 2412 Tracy street Washington_ D.C. 20008

My dear Mr. McNamara.

Tel.: 302-995-1672

June 13 _ 1978

Following the granting of U. s. Patent No. 3_932,145 on January 13, 1976, I took the liberty of addressing you on

. behalf of my joint venture with the hope in mind that you would become the manager and principal officer of the proposed Fluid Coal Corporation. The Fluid Coal Corporation has now been . formed. The offer was made to you through Mr. Peter G. Powers, and his meeting with you of August 11_ 1976 was covered in his memorandum to Mr. S. Dillon Ripley, a copy of which is attached hereto. The last paragraph of this memorandum referred to your feelings concerning your understanding that we might have to proceed without you if we decided not to wait for a qecision concerning your heading our project as proposed in our letter to you.

We have now received a statement from the Department .of Energy 'dated May 25, 1978 which refers to the report of the National Bureau of Standards, Office of Energy-Related Inventions. This letter speaks for itself and a copy is attached. Needless to say, we are very excited that we have done so well.

In view of the foregoing, we have decided to contact others who might be interested in the promotion of our process in the event you do not wish to join us at this time. We wish to advise you of this and to tell you that in the event you would care to reconsider joining us, we would be more than glad to meet you at your convenience and coordinate our thoughts regarding your joining us so that they would correspond to your suggestions.

I have contacted Mr. Powers and he advised me that he would be glad to talk to you at your convenience regarding these ~'.,~

'- .. matters. Yours very truly, A '

· /v .vL ' ~ ," r( c...Af .:l ~~ Willin~a~~d Foulke, President WBFadbs

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Dear Peter,

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FLUID COA~ORATION Mr. V\fil ling B. Foulke 109 Greenridge Road

Wilmington, De la\\ are 19805/ U .S.A.

Tel.: .302-995 -1672

June 26, 1976

I gave you a copy of my application to the National

Bureau of Standards for evaluation of U.S. Patent

No. 3,932,145, and you will find enclosed a Xerox of

their receipt and a Xerox of a letter to Davod Doehlert,

one of the members of the Joint Venture, from

George F. Lewett Chief, Office of ~nergy-Related Inventions

This letter speaKs for itself. Unfortunately,

Boehlert has not got a copy of his letter. However,

Lewett is quite explicit. Doehlert wrote to find out how

the system worked not as the inyentor, but as an interested

party. When I hear more, I'll let you know.

Mr. PeterG. Powers 325 A Street S.E. Wash in~ton, D.C. 20003

Sincerely, . " , \} / 1 \;\r~~~b--.{.\ '...:r-

Will~ng Bayard Foulke

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June 14, 1976

Mr. David H. Doehlert West View Shore Earleville, MD 21919

Dear Mr. Doehlert:

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau af Standards Washington. D.C. 20234

This is in response to the questions that you posed in your letter of May 20.

By your first question you want to know if we will show you our evaluat ion report before we release it. Except for recommendations to ERDA; our notification of the results or our evaluation are normally only "released" to the inventor. Reports prepared for us by our evaluators in the first stage of evaluation are brief opinions used by me in .making my "report" to you and they are not released to anyone, including the inventor. Reports prepared in the second stage of evaluation, also used by me in making my report to you, are released to you and ERDA .simultaneously.

Thus, the letter of notification of the results of our first stage evalu­ation, whether or not favorable, will normally be provided only' to you. However, we could be forced to release it if a specific request were made under the Freedom of Information Act.

Regarding your second question, if you like we will discuss the results of our evaluation with you prior to giving you notification of our decision and provide yo~ with the opportunity to clarify any misunderstandings . We have no intention of -"publishing" the results.

Regarding your thii-d- question, you would not get copies of all reports since we do not release first stage evaluation reports to anyone. You would get a letter explaining the results of the evaluation and have the opportunity to discuss them in detail with one of our senior staff evalu­ators. Again, that letter would not normally be released to the public. You would, on the other hand, receive a ~opy of a second stage evaluation report if one is prepared. This would be true regardless of whether it led to a recommendation to ERDA or not. That report would not be available for comment p~ior to being furnished to you and to ERDA. However, it t oo would not be intended for "publication" in the broader sense.

~eorge / Chief,

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further questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.

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POSTAGE AND FEES 'AID U.S. DE'AlTMENT OF COMMEICE

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FLUID COAEORATION

Care of

Mr. "Villing B. Foulke 109 Greenridge Road

Wilmington, Delaware 19805/ U.S.A.

Tel.: 302-995-1672

U. S. Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards

. June 10, 1976

OFFICE OF ENERGY-RELATED INVENTIONS . Energy-Related Invention Evaluation Request NBS-~019 (4-75)

Page 3, 4-d

4d - (1) Purposes of the Invention (Patent No. ;,932,145 January 13, 1976)

l~ To remove sulfur, ash, and other impurities from 'dirty' coal so that st~ck gases can be controlled to non-polluting levels at reasonable cost.

2. To use coal that is too fine or friable to clean by conventional methods at reasonable cost.

3. To convert coal to a fluid mix of micron sizes of coal in fuel oil so that the coal can be burned in units now burning oil.

4. To dilute fuel oil with cheaper, more-abundant coal and thus extend the life of oil reserves.

5. To reduce 'the cost of 'shipping coal by removing more sulfur, water, and non-combustibles from coal than .is conven­tionally removed.

6. To make more of the coal energy available for useful purposes by removing water and non-combustibles' which c.ause losses of energy during burning.

7. To remove non-combustibles and sulfur so that pollution control, either at the mine or power station, does not place the loads on the atmosphere that power stations now do. . .

8. To reduce the cost of ash and clinker refuse transporta­

tion to disposal. 9. To protect coal. from the continuous oxidation it experi~

ences on exposure to air and thus prevent spontaneous combustion '

fires and explosions by mixing coal with oil and thus excluding air.

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FLUID COAL CORPORATION atfice of Energy-Related . Inventions ~Z

-.:2 4d -(1) (cont'd) ~

10. '~O stop culm bank fires with their pollution of the atmosphere. :~

-11. To clean coal with no. additional use of water, thereby

reducing water treatment and pollution problems. 12. To clean coal without the use of water, thus making

possible cleaning of coal in arid regions. 13. To avoid the use of high temperatures and high pressures. 14. To produce a fuel which contains more BTU per ton of coal

but uses less oil per ton and is cheaper than oil per mill-ion BTU.

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4d - (2) - The Old Method Coal has been cleaned for centuries by dropping it in water.

to take advantage of the fact that rock and sulfur and other non­combustibles are heavier than coal and sink faster. By means of a controlled current, the coal is removed off the top, while the rock and sulfur sink and are taken off the bottom. This is the principle in many coal-cleaning devices.

Disadvantages in the Old Method Water introduced should be removed before burning to, avoid

energy wa~te; water is not easy to remove from coal • . Shipping wet coal is a waste of the energy used for trans­

port since the water part is of no use. Wet coal oxid·izes, wasting energy, as the water film con-­

veys oxygen to the coal surfac·e. Since recovering coal. fin~s from silt and washing water is

not practical, coal is not usually crushed small~r than buckwheat. These chunks often contain sulfur and non-combustibles which then travel with the cleaned proeuct, and the pieces discarded carry coal withi~ them. T~us, so~e coal is wasted in the discard pile and some non-combustibles and sulfur go to the burner, and the fines are not recovered from the water~

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FLUID COAL CORPORATION

4d - (3) - The New Method

Office of ~ergy~Related Inventions

- 3 -

The new cleaning method is the same as the old except that . oil is used in place of water and the coal is finely divided in

oil to micron sizes to separate bits of coal from bits of sulfur and non-combustibles. ~he oil can be heated to drive off water if the coal is wet, and to reduce density and viscosity even below that of water if that aids separation.

Advantages The oil introduced stays with the coal and ,is ultimately

combusted. No removal step is needed as in water-washing~ other than recycling of excess oil from ~he bottoms, if required.

Water on or in the coal is driven off by the affinity of oil for coal and by heating the coal-oil mix. Thus, inert water is removed before the coal is shipped and/or combusted.

The oxidation fires and explosions that occur in.coal are reduced by the oil coating on each particle of coal.

Workers in the "Fluid Coal" processing area and after processing are protected from airborne particles because these particles are retained in the oil.

The fine dividing of the coal thoroughly separates coal from ash,'pyrite and other impurities, thus allowing' more com­plete separation of 'coal from impurities. This also eliminates c'linkering ,of the coal.

4d - (4) - Construction of the Invention Coal beneficiation with oil can be done with the same types

of equipment used to clean coal with water plus: ' Comminution devices for finely dividing the coal , Oil stora8e and transport Heat exchangers Scrubbers (stack gas) ]'luid fuel (coal-oil mix) storage and transport Modified burner nozzles, or fire boxes" for some

power stations now using oil All this additional equipment is standard equipment,

thoroughly developed and in use for 'many years and can be procured after plant capac~ is determined.

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FLUID COAL CORPORATION Office' of ~ergy-Related Inventions

- 4 -4d -(5) - Difficulties Encountered or to be Expected

The prob~m is education, rather than operational because coal-cleaning experts have been cleaning only with water, air,

, or hand-picking for hundreds of years. Therefore, the possibility of mixing coal with oil was not considered by the coal producers, as there was no necessity from an ecological standJ>oint. The oil producers have developed products and their uses whic~ do not relate to the preparation and burning of coal.

Prior to the change in the energy' requirements due to ecological necessity, neither. the coal producers nor the oil producers wished to-become involved with the equipment, storage, and method of use of the other's product. '

The various . unions involved were desirous of remaining separate and thereby maintaining their own identity.

For these and numerous other reasons, the schools of advanced learning, which cover the 'disciplines required by the 011 or <?oal industries, have not, in general, taught the combination of the

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two products. ( It may be necessary fQr the Fluid Coal Corporation, the

sub-licensor of U.S. Patent No. 3,932,145 to produce a bond or cash guarantee as to the feasibility of the process incorporated in the plant designed for and licensed to the user.

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FLUID COAL CORPORATION

4e - Notes and Comments

Office of Energy-Related Inventions

- 5 -

As equipment of all kinds and types has been developed for use in the comminution, screening, de-watering, beneficia-tion, storage and shipment of coal, and as this machinery is presently in operation at upwards of 5,000 or ·more producing

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mines, and as the· ·pumps, tanks, valves and piping, together with i ·.

necessary facilities for handling oil as well as transportation and storage are developed, and as a number of scrubbers and other methods for removal of particulates and harmful pollutants are available for the cleaning of etack gases, it is not believed that .changes in presently used and available equipment, except as to size, are necessary provided the tonnages per hour, day or ye~r of coal and oil input are indicated to produce the ·required tonnage of "Fluid Coal".

In view of the foregoing, it is planned to contact suitable· engineering contractors and procure preliminary estimates as to ~he cost, with flow sheet, of a "Fluid Coal'· installation having' the s~ze. the prospective licensee will require erected at the location specifi~d after consul tation with the propos.ed licensee and Fluid ·Coal Corporation's Staff.

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FLUID COA~ORATION Care of

Mr. Willing B. Foulke 109 Greenridge Road

Wilmington, Delaware 19805/ U.S.A.

Tel.: 302-995-1672

Mr. Robert S. McNamara International Bank of Reconstruction

and Development 1818 H Street N.W. Washington, D.C.

Dear Mr. McNamara,

March 1976

Subject Possible Future Employment for Robert S. McNamara

This letter offers you the

(a) amplification and/or continuation of your efforts for the betterment of the peoples of undeveloped nations by making funds, possibly in excess of $13 billion, available in place of, or i~ addition to, those now supplied by the Bank which you presently head.

(b) Such new money or credit to be generated by pro­longing availability and use of the known (petroleum) oil reserves of, or available to, the United States without pollution of our atmosphere beyond the limitations of such pollution as set by the Congress of the United States.

To accomplish the foregoing, you will be made President and Managing Director of the Fluid Coal Corporation, a new corporation of the State of Delaware (not for profit). This company may have a possible income in excess of $13,000,000,000 which is to be distributed after operating expenses and royalties as you may designate. This income will be derived from the Company's right to grant sublicenses to:

FLUID COAL CORPORATION - 2 - Mr. Robert S. McNamara

use, manufacture and grant sub-sublicenses under United states Patent No. 3,932,145 Granted January 13, 1976 Filed May 3, 1973 Application No. 356,765 Fuel Preparation Process

Inventor: Willing B. Foulke

The Abstract of this patent states: "A fuel is produced by cleaning coal using an oil as a cleaning medium, whereby the sulfur content of the fuel is substantially reduced and the heat content per pound is substantially increased by reduction of water and other non­combustibles. The process may be used to produce a coal oil fuel directly."

A copy of the patent is attached hereto. You have been selected by the three members of the Joint

Venture to head their Fluid Coal Corporation because they believe:

1. You have the entree and can approach the hol~ers, controllers and operators of large oil reserves who, in many cases, are members of OPEC, and you have a broad understanding of their prQblems and needs, as well as .their trust.

2. You also have a ·wide knowledge of the problems of the underdeveloped peoples of the world. You have their respect for your desire and efforts to help them.

3. You are used to and are familiar with operations involv­ing great quantities of materials and very large dollar-values which of necessity are inherent in operations of the kind you are being asked to head.

4. You have the respect of the peoples of your own Country, as well as their trust, regardless of their political concepts.

FLUID COAL CORPORATION - 3 - Mr. Robert S. McNamara

5. You have a very broad acquaintance which can aid you in selecting personnel of the quality and knowledge necessary for organizing and carrying out the project at hand.

6. Your honesty and straightforwardness relating to your ideology concerning . the needs of people is respected by the members of our Joint Venture, all of whom took part in the offer of $25 billion to purchase duPont's holding in General Motors by the Elisabeth Innes Bennett Foulke Foundation for the benefit of woman and children.

As you will see from the credentials of the members of our Joint Venture, we have a broad knowledge of the problems facing YOUR -- AND OUR -- Country concerning energy developments and conservation.

Unfortunately, one of our members is in his 78th year ~ and must, of necessity, leave his interest in the project in

hands he can trust. He believes you are such a person and that you would assist ana cooperate with his close friends and associates in the continuance of the Joint Venture.

If it will help you to reach a decision concerning our offer to you, or a modification of it, or you need further infor­mation, we shall be more than glad to come to you, one or all of us, and answer any questions you may have of which we have knowledge.

In closing, we would like you to give us an indication of your intent because we have discussed our project with others and feel we must come to a decision at the earliest possible time as to the direction we should go.

Assuring you of our respect, Sir, we are Yours sincerely,

,.; ~~bJt .. 4 -'~ wrrpe; Foul-e

oCrJ./. .. 1'-' •. 0\ Coleman D

~:J. Dav~d H. Doe ler

For Exhibits, see following page 4.

FLUID COAL CORPORATION - 4 - Mr. Robert S. McNamara

Under separate cover and attached hereto are Exhibits: 1. Copy of United States Patent No. 3,932,145. 2. Organization chart of Joint Venture and Fluid

Coal Corporation with credentials of members of Joint Venture.

3. A graphic description of input coal and oil and the product produced, "Fluid Coal" wbich includes a graph of estimated life of oil reserves by using United States Patent No. 3,932,145.

4. rtThe Potential for Energy Conservation - Substitu­tion for Scarce Fuels" - A Staff Study January 1973 of the Executive Office of the President Office of Emergency Preparedness.

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OFFICE OF ENERGY-RELATED INVENTICNS

Energy-Related Invention Evaluation Request

Pro~am Description. The Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and neveopment Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-577) established a canprehensive national program for research and development of all potentially beneficial energy sources and utilization teclmologies. The program is to be conducted by the Fnergy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) . Section 14 of the Act, however, directs the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to "give particular attention to the evaluati on 'of all promising energy-related inventions, particularly those submitted by individual inventors and small companies for the purpose of obtaining direct grants from the Administrator."

The Office of Fnergy-Related Inventions (Office) has been established in the National Bureau of Standards to carry out the duties required under the Act. These duties include receiving and processing material and correspondence describing inventions; conducting analyses to ascertain the teChnical ,and commercial feasibility of the submitted inventions; and formulating ' recommendations based on the analyses ..

Statement of Pdlir:. Specific procedures for carrying out the duties of the O£fl.ce w11 be developed in accordance with the following policies .. , ( (a) Submission of inventions for evaluation is encouraged. Ther efore ~

particular attention will be given throughout the evaluation , process to safeguarding the proprietary rights of the persons ' submitting invention disclosures. (1) The Government intends to restrict access to invention

disclosures to those persons who have need for purposes of administration or evaluation. However the Government cannot withhold information in a disclosure when a valid request is made under the Freedom of Infonnation Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, 1Dll.ess the infonna tion comes wi thin one of the exemptions specified in that Act (e.g., see Section 4(f)be1ow). Accordingly, in accepting invention disclosures for evaluation, the Government will require an explicit statement from the submitter, that the infonnation 'submitted does or does not come wi thin one of the exemptions. ' __ ...

(2) A patent is considered a fundamental incentive to invention. and ' the inventor should apply for a patent whenever he thinks it is appropriate. However, no direct action will be taken by the Office to support application for or acquisition of a patent.

(b) The purpose of the NBS effort is to assist ERDA in carrying out research and development required \Dlder the Act. Evaluations of submitted inventions will therefore be perfonned principally ~ a service to ERDA. That is, the outcome of an evaluation will ,be 'a reconunendation to ERDA, either for or against ,further action ,

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by the government in cormection with tte invention. A recamnendation ' ,against further action does not necessarily mean that the invention . ( is considered scientifically \DlSound or without practical , value. '.

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3. Instructions for Submission of Inventions for Evaluation. Ca) Read the foregoing and complete Sections 4 ana 5, below, of this

fonn. Please type or print. Be sure to sign and date the Memorandum of Understanding in Section 5.

(b) Prepare a detailed disclosure of your invention. Make stn"e that the information in the disclosure agrees with that provided in Section 4. Section 4(d) provides an outline for guidance in preparing the disclosure. All material JIDlSt be in the English language.

(e) Make a copy for your file of all material prepared above. Send the original of this fonn and . a ~ of the disclosure to:

Office of Energy-Related Inventions . National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D. C. 20234 (d) Do not send a model. . (e) When your submission is received J . an acknowledgement card will

be sent to you.

4. Invention Identification and Status. Ca) NSIiie of Invent1on. (G1ve a short name or title for refer~e .• )

Fuel Preparation Process - Willing B. Foulke

(b) List below the inventor(s), principal owners, and: persons who may be contacted for evaluation' purposes.

Capacity Full Name of Individual Mailing Address (include (Inventor,

or Organization telephone number fot contacts) Owner, etc . )

Y Joint 'Venture 109 Greenridge Road Owner of licensor to Wilmington, Delaware 19805 Fluid Coal

Fluid Coal Corp. 3U2-995-1672 Corp .

IJ:! Inventor; Willing B. Foulke 109 Greenridge Road Principal

Wilmington, Del. 19805 Owner . of 302-995-1672 Joint VentUl

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W David H. Doehlert West View Shores Minori ty OWl . Earleville, Md • 21919 of Joint Vel

301-275-2650 V,.P. Fluid ( Corp.

~ 1102 West Street, Minority OWI L.- Coleman Dorsey P.O.Box 2202

Attorney Wilmington, Del .• 19899 of Joint Vel

302-655-7421 Secy-Treas .' Fluid Coal (

OOI'E: If additional spac~ is needed, use and attach separate sheets here.

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(c) Indicate status of your invention by checking only those boxes which' apply . ~ - The idea has been developed but has not been completely worked

out on. paper. (please indicate tmder (e) below what YOU;r . . plans are for working out. th~ details). ' . o - The details of the invention have' been fully worked out on .

paper and are in the accompanying disclosure. . ~ - The idea has been made public. The date. of the first public

disclosure was January 13, 1976. (Please give further details in your d~sclosure.)

D - The invention has been disclosed to other government agencies; . or a request for government developmental support has been

maoe; or a research proposal has been made. (In your disclosure please~ · the agency or agencies.)

rJ - A model has been built. 00 Nor SEND 1HE MIDEL, however do give details in your disclosure. o - The invention has been manufactured. (Please give. details in your disclosure.) o - The invention has been or is now in test or in operational . use. (please give details in your disclosure.)

~ - A patent has been applied for. (Do 'roT give filing date or . application number.) - .

~ - The invention is patented. The patent number(s) is ~~~'"'!!"'I"'_ U.S. Patent No. 3,932,145 - Jan. 13, 1976

-------------------------------------------------------(d) Please prepare the disclosure of the invention separately. Be sure to include the details indicated as required in section (c) above~ and other infonnation you consider germane to evaluation. In general, the disclosure should cover the following: (1) Pu!2Qse of the invention. Include a discussion, if appropriate,

of Where it can be used to best advantage; for example, which industry or industrial process? by individuals? by the government? .

(2) . !he old method(s}, if any, 5'f perfonning the function of the . . mvention. D1Saovantages of the old methodes) • .

(3) The new method, using your invention. Details of the' operation of the Invention, identifying specific features which are new. Advantages of the new method over what has been done before.

e 4) . Construction of the invention, showing changes, deletions, unprovements over the old methodes) . .

. (5) Diffic.Uties encolDltered or to be expected in exploiting your Invention. Reasons why it has not been patented, manufactured, used, or accepted. What needs to b~ done td . bring the invention closer to use? .

Ce) Notes and Comments of

See attachment, page 5

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4Cf). Section 2 (a) (1) above discusses the relevance of- the Freedom of Infonnation Act. If, for example, the disclosure contains infonnation that is (a) a trade secret or (b) commercial or financial infonnation that is privileged or confidential, such infonnation falls within the exemption that is set out in the Act,S U.S.C. 552 (b) (4). Thus, if

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the disclosure contains such infonnation, . to protect your property rights, the following or similar legend should be applied to the title page or first page of the disclosure: '7his disclosure contains infor­mation which is (a) a trade secret or (b) conmercial or financial infonnation that is privileged or confidential." Accordingly, please check the box below which is applicable to your disclosure: 0- The -;uggested or swlar legend has been applied. D .- Please apply the suggested legend (disclosure previously

submitted without legend). . . ~- No legend is required because the disclosure does not contain

such infonnation.

Memorandum of Understanding. I have read the above Program'Description and Statement of Poll.CY, and on behalf of:

Joint Venture and Fluid Coal Corporation as listed above in Section 4(b) line , ,I have attached a disclosure of the invention identified above for the purpose of evaluation by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) pursuant to Section 14 of Public Law 93- 577 • I understand that NBS will accept this disclosure- for . the purpose of such evaluation on the following conditions: Ca) The acceptance of the disclosure does not, in itself, imply a

promise to pay, a recognition of novelty or originali ty, or a contractual relationship such as would render the Government

. liable to pay for use of the infonna tion in the disclosure; (b) The Government will, in the evalua tion process, restrict access

to the disclosure to those persons, wi thin or wi 1;hout the Government, who need infonnation in the disclosure for purposes of administration or evaluation of the invention, and will restrict use ~the information to such purposes;

(c) If the disclosure is marked on the title page or first page with an appropriate legend, the Government will consider all information that is 'in fact (a) a trade secret or (b) comnercial or financial iiifonnatl.on that is privileged or confidential, as coming within the exemption set out in Section (b) (4) in the Freedom or Information Act,S U.S.C. 552(b)(4); _

Cd) The provisions of this Memorandum of Understanding shall also apply to additions to the disclosure made by me incidental to the consideration of the disclosure.

June 10, 1976 bate

-109 Greenridge Road 'Willing B. Foulke ' . Street Address Printea or TYPed Name

Wilmington, Del. 19805 Inventor ci ty, State J zip COde . Title or Position

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JAM'ES H. SCHEUEit. N.Y., CHAIItMAN

, MICHAEL HARRINGTON, MASS. JOHN N. EitLENBORN, ILL. CARDISS COLLINS. ILL. PAUL N. MCCLOSKEY, JIt •• CALIP'. STEPHEN L. NEAL, N.C. THOMAS N. KINDNES •• OHIO FREDERICK W. RICHMOND, N.Y. HAROLD C. HOLLENSECK, N.J.

tr~~~ PAUL SIMON, ILL. DAVE STOCKMAN, MICH. DANIEL K. AKAKA, HAWAII ANTHONY C. SEILENSON, CALIF. ItICHARD A. GEPHAftDT, MO.

11.6. ~OU5t of Rtprt5tntattbt5 DALE E. KILDEE, MICH. IlALTASAR CORRADA, P . R.

MICHAEL S. TEITELBAUM, STAFF DIRECTOR THOMAS P. REUTERSHAN, DEPUTY STAFF DIRECTOR/COUNSEL

MARIS A. VINOVSKIS, ASSISTANT STAFF DIRECTOR

Mr. Robert S. McNamara President

SELECT COMMITTEE ON POPULATION

3587 HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING ANNEX 2

lIIasbington, J9.~. 20515

June 22, 1978

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

International Development Association International Finance Corporation 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433

Dear MI. a,&.i •• a:

I write to extend to you an invitation to join in a - discussion with me and other Members of the Select Commi ttee

on Population on key issues in population and development assistance . . In particular, we wish to discuss (1) appropriate initiatives in anticipation of the first international confer­ence of parliamentarians concerned with population and develop­ment, to be held in Sri Lanka, August 28-31, 1979, and (2) the feasibility, cost and strategy for an enhanced effort to meet the basic needs of the world's poor by the end of this century. A memorandum describing these concerns in greater detail is attached.

Can you join me, some of my colleagues, and staff of the Select Committee for dinner at my home (3525 Woodley Road, N.W., Washington, D.C.) on Thursda July 20, 1978 at 7:30 p.m. to discuss these issues an exp orewlt us ow we mig pro­ceed? We would benefit greatly from your experience and knowledge of population and development issues.

I h6pe you can join us.

~ Wit~ every warm best wish,

-J..)~-;.:fp- 10)./1 ~ tt . .r~ ours,

~Lt;:: ~ ~~~~ '-~ ~ a-.....-P tJ"JI Prl- - H. Scheuer

~s~-~~t -I ~ -/)' J.r-b J Attachmen~ ~ ~ ~~ 0> ~~ # ~.

___ ~ ~ -lk." ~ wi.- ........ Y"'"'" c.._ .... W"'~

JAMES H. SCHEUEIt, N.Y., CHAn'MAN

MICHAEL HARRINGTCH, MAS •• CAROlS. COLLIN., I~ .TEPHEN L. NEAL, N.c. I"REDE,RICK W.ItICHMOHD, N.Y. PAUL SIMON, ILL. DANIEL K. AKAKA, HAWAII ANTHONY C, BEILENSON. CAU ... "'CHARD A. GEPHARDT, MO. DALE E. KILDEIE, MICH. MLTASAR CORRADA, ".R.

JOHN N. ERLv.oRH, ILL. PAUL N. MCCLOsKlIY, JR., CAU,.. THOMAS N. KINONE •• , OHIO HAROLD C. HOLLENaECK, N.J. DAYE STOCKMAN, MICH.

m.~. J)OU5t of l\tprtstntatibes MICHAEL S. TEITI:LaAUM, STA .... DlJtECTOIt

SELECT COMMITTEE ON POPULATION

3587 HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING ANNEX 2

Ulajbington, a.~. 20515 THOMAS P. RKUTER.HAN, DEPUTY .TA .... D"'ECTOfit/cOUHHI.

MARl. A. YIHOVSKI., AS.,.TANT STMF DIIt&CTOR

TO: '

:F~OM:

June 9, 1978

M E M-O RAN DUM

l?~ospect 'iveParticipants in Working Dinner on Popuiation andDe~elopmerit Issue~ '

James H , Sc'he\ie-r Chairman Selec't ' 'Committee 'on Population

The Select Committee 'on Population held three weeks of heari,ngs on Population and Development Assistance '(April "18-May 4 ', 1978). These hearings' covered a broad range of topics, i.ncluding population in th.e context of the -North-South dialogue; diffetlrig regional perspectives on population and' development; -interrelationship ,betweeri population and food, resources, energy, environmerital stre~s, human rights ' and the status of women, the

- curren't status _ and future prospects for family planning programs around the world; bio-medical and contraceptive research for and in developing countries; international cooperation for pop­ulationprogram assistance; a-nd the reorganization of AID as it might' affect United States population assistance programs.

On April 20, the Select Committee heard a distin'guished panel of witnesses di$:cuss population within the context of a hasic needs' approach :to development. Then, and throughout the hea~ings, witnesses argued persuasively that, while family planning progra.ms remain absolutely essential and deserve con­ti.nued' and even' , increased U. S. support, the prospects for long­te~m sustained fertility reduction in developing countries are closely tied to improved heal th, - employment, educational, and other "quality- of life n conditions, in those countries. Reduced infant 'mortality 1 improved educational and modern-sector employ­merit opportunities for , girls and women, and more equitable :income dtstri,butiQn were' cited as particularly important factors that cQuld influeric~ 'fertility trends downward.

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MEMORANDUM -2-June 9, 1978

I personally support these views, as do many other Members of the Select Committee. Our report will discuss these issues in depth, thereby linking our work more closely with that of other standing Congressional Committees with legislative juris­diction over one or more aspects of United States development assistance policies.

During recent months, I was also privileged to participate along with Pete McCloskey, Dan Akaka, Paul Simon, and Tony Beilenson of the Select Committee, in a series of meetings in

. Bonn, London and Tokyo of the International Working Group of Parliamentarians Concerned with Population and Development. Tllirty-one parliamantarians from nine countries in the developed as well as developing world participated. 'lhese meetings pro­vided an agreement to form an International network of concerned parliamentarians in developed and developing ' countries. The Declaration issued at the end of the meeting calls attention to the mutual interests and obligations of developed and developing countries in linking population and development issues and addressing development goals thru programs and policies that are population . relevant and population sensitive. It calls for an international conference of parliamentarians ' concerned with these issues to be held in Sri Lanka, August 28-31, 1979. I had the honor of being elected vice chairman of the steering committee for the conference. A copy of the Tokyo Declaration is attached to this memorandum. .

I would like to invite you to discuss "Nith me and some of my colleagues on the· Select Committee several interrelated . issues that came up both during the Select Committee hearings and at the Tokyo planning meeting. We hope to develop specific proposals for presentation at the Sri Lanka conference.

For example, at Representative McCloskey's and my urgings, the Tokyo Declaration 'calls upon all governments "to continue and expand international dialogue with those nations and insti­tutions which may deny the full participation of women in educa­tional, social, economic and political life or deny equality of opportunity to women to exercise their basic human rights."

We might well want to pursue how a country-by-country status report could be developed for the convenience of the delegates to the August 1979 Sri Lanka conference which would

MEMORANDUM -3-June 9, 1978

measure progress in human rights and the status of women - and set forth the improvements and advances yet to be accomplished. Under whose auspices might such an inventory of country-by­country reports be developed prior to the conference?

Would it be helpful, as some have suggested, to have an -Annual World Population Survey - which would record annual across-the-board progress in ,each of the developing countries? Should this include data about per capita -energy and resource consumption in the developed world - which the developing na-

_tions allege is more of a burden on world resources and _environ­ment than high birth rates in -the developing world?

Another example : is -the Congressional mandate for a "basic needs" approach to United States development assistance, in­corporated in the New- Directions legislation first enacted in 1973. This approach channels economic assistance most directly to the world's poorest countries and to the poorest people within them, and may therefore directly affect couples' 'choices about the number of children they want- or their decisions to migrate from rural to urban areas. Critics of the basic needs approach have argued, however, that "scattering" funds or small projects among a large number of poor and illiterate people makes it difficult, if not impossible, to accumulate the cap­ital and other resources necessary for sustained national devel­opment. ' In calling for a New International Economic Order, therefore, developing countries have demanded massive transfers of resources and technology from devel0ped to developing coun­tries to promote this macro-economic development which they claim is the way to eliminate poverty, the cause of the popu-

, lation explosion taking place in many parts of the developing world.

Amond the important - issues that will continue to be dis­cussed in the North-South dialogue, and on which we as legis­lators will have to make decisions, are the economic and poli­tical feasibility of such transfers, the costs to the United States and other developed countries, and the most appropriate strategies needed to accomplish agreed development goals. What forms and how much institutional restructuring _within developing countries, developed countries, and the international economic system will be required? If we are also concerned about lowering fertility, reducing infant mortality, and slowing rates of rural-to-urban migration, how much development assistance, what kinds of assistance delivered through what mechanisms, are most likely to accomplish those goals?

MEMORANDUM -4-June 9, 1978

Assuming for the moment the validity of the presumed linkages between a basic needs approach and population dynamics, at least four other elements .need .to be integrated conceptually in order to develop a coherent framework for . a proposal to be presented at the Sri Lanka conference; a timeframe; adequate budgetary support, clearly defined population and development targets, and some agreed means of systematically measuring annual progress toward those targets. The elements of all four currently exist but need to be further developed and

. pulled together .

. Timef!am~. The report of the House International Relations Co~nittee on the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (H.R . . 12222), contains a new section 102(c), which reads as follows:

The Congress, recognizing the desirability of overcoming the worst aspects of absolute poverty by­the end of this century by, among other measures, substantially lowering infant mortality and birth rates, and increasing life expectancy, food produc­tion, literacy, and employment, encourages the Pre­sident to explore with other countries, through all appropriate channels, the feasibility of a worldlike cooperative effort to overcome the worst aspects of absolute poverty and to assure self-reliant growth in the develvping coullti'les by the.' yea-r 20.00.

This goal has of course gained increased acceptance in the development assistance community in recent years. It seems to be a reasonable goal.

Budget. In his testimony before the Select Committee on Population, Jim Grant argued that "Additional outside d.evelopment assistance of $12-20 billion annually to the end of the century -- with perhaps one-third to two-fifths from the United States -­should suffice to carry out this goal."

Other estimates have also been offered and need to be examined, but acceptance by Congress of an overall development assistance target would go a long way towards rationalizing and improving the present annual process of foreign assistance appropriations.

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MEMORANDUM -5-June 9, 1978

Targets. Numerous targets have been set for the year 2000 -- for employment, income, nutrition, literacy, life expectancy, infant mortality, fertility, and other develop­ment indicators. We must also set targets for improving the status of women and. the achievement of basic human rights, both of which seem to have impacts on fertility rates.

Indexes. How do we meashre progress toward these tar­gets? The Overseas Development Council is working on its Physical Quality of Life Index, which incorporates three mea-

·sures: infant mortality, life expectancy at age one, and literacy, as a complement to the traditional GNP measure. How good is this index? Joes i-j; h~ve se.ric'us lirr.itations, as SCllla

believe? Does it need to be broadened further? To include what other measures? Specifically, how do we factor in such other -factors as the status of women, human rights, and equality of income distribution?

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DECU-.1~1.'tIO~~ or 'rH"f. TOKYO PL!\XNIi:C l'1Er.Tr~~::; OF THE ni-r£F"~~;\ T"tO~AL lfORKI~G GROUP OF PAE~LJA}!Ez:rrARI:\:,~S CO~~CEP","-\ED \~lTH rOPUL!1T 10); A}.~ I)iVELO?NF~ 1

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In tnt! int~r-t:st of peace and hti8~\1:i.ty the ';;:;l't"1.d ~.lst rc(:o~PJlize the UT.£~t!: n;-\~d to j .ropr'Ove the tiUa..lity <if Ii t~ for fa~il i~!: il) th~ ce­v~1.0?ine c.ount~i~s ~ Ejvifi~ d\!c ~rten:::io~ both 1:0 rur~l .;'tT"C;:!.; S,;,1.a . to the urb~:t dis;d"jll1itascd poor. Ot1e 0; the gTr:;lte~t i~peu.i~~nt.s to such ~tl ~dvanc~ 15 th~ jaarly addition of UO ~llic~ people to t~ 'world popu~­)411:io11 - ~11 \Y~n~i~g l~;~i~ needc .of food 7 drL.'1~;ir:s \.:ater. h~~lth coJre and ed.uc~ti.on6 P;.li:ture to l~et thnt;2 baS\C hWR=tU 'f1~~d~ \?oul!! pluuge ~he ~~'i:ld int.o ~CO:'lcr;;dc~ !;!)£ial i1nd pclitiCEll cn~-:o~_

Tnt! d~v~loped ~otintri~~ h~ve :r(';:o£.}iz~(! that th~ probl~~ t:if pop­~.:ition :i5 diri?~tly r~l.~Led tv .:!n it\C~B~:;in~l}" ;;nOl::t glob~l !;u.pply of ii::p.:l£.t<1;1~ n~ttrr...ll }:es(·u· ... *c~~. IT' r i'tt::'C·;l.;,.:;:o ::r'~r F'hf;t~le tvv:-i:~

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ii) to give th~ high~!:;t. devi:!lopin.g ~c~ld to

to the n~ed of natiD~~

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The J&2v~J,cpil1g C~11:-ltri{l'~ he.ve I't::c~~gnizvd. :.: ceeg to t!~V'ct:e g:r~.\.l.tc:!: l:"c!'~ourc~~ to th?; r l..-urvl iltess :.!nd to ~cd ress tlH! i...·::,:\baJ..::lnc~ th:lt la.arls p~op12 to t=OV~ tv the d.cprusss?-!1 .. n:b~n ;n;'t~aS7 Ttl parti.cul~r t:he:y s'ho.ul.d :

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p~"pl~s the cQns('!qu~rit·?~ of tl1e- cul-j:cnt r.~t2s of p~yttl'::jt:l.cn. r.n,'?.Jth> "-.thi..:!h w(l'l,llu do~,?ll~ th~! 't:o~ld poptll~t iO;1 [~O;fi 4 l~ilLi.on n~.r tl) U hillit:!n \~ithin 1.;0 y(!;.!:rs ~ Tii~~ is of tht! c::<~~n~~ ~in::t! 8 del.:!y 0;- (r;~~ sen('!"'.~ti(n'1 if; !)'!""int· ... il1~ the \Jo,lcl p0pUJ.~t:iv'l t~ ;! ~t~h1 t! l(!'-'~el \~ O~.ll:i 'h~{:rc;':~i: the ~o;-l~:P s pop­t:la t;, ~i* by 70;~.

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ThIs Cv:1fercn~c c.:1.11s em i.!tl g,:vct'l'!mt:!nts~ j) to re<i€'diCi!te the~~~lves to the- pi:ir.~lpIIJ~ ~d"vt~d .:!l: th~

1974 \-!orld Population CCi.1.fcr~nce in Buchar~st J" that 311 ~~n ~nd \Vomen ~bould hnve tnc inforr.;..·lt~ icnl, edu(:.~t:ion ~nd ~cY~g to detarmine resp~~~ibly the nu~be. · a~d spncia~ Df their childten~ and that the quality of lif~ in thcir rea­~)~ctive C('n.lntz:ies crm be :l::prov~d by sett1nr. . up guiu!:!llnc:.;. for population policic~ in kccpSug with their n~~ n~t~or.al v~lues ;tnu intern;!t.tonnllY"'LecQsni~~d p't'inciple!;;

1i) to :inCl:€:~S{! tl:rlr illloc~tjtm. of T~:;O"J.rces I nithe-r dl rect ly or through th~ Unit-C!~l N~ti;onS Fund lUl: Popul~t1oi\ ' Ac.tj.vities: (u~FFA) o~ Qth~r ll1t~~atiQn~1 agencj~~ to i~~rov~ popul~­ti.Cal and f~~rlly p~-mi;:g sernct'$ as ;:m int~&Llll paTt bf gvC~o-~ccn~mic ee7~loy=~~t aL~ed ~t creating vn eqtiltubl~ sociul OrdiY~ both 'Witnil.) an~ aoong::;t, tl~t:\Qn~;

tii)l co contiu!l~ ;1'no ~x~;;;ld il1.t~::n~t1.on&ll dialvgu~ ~ith thos~ nt1tion.s :!!.td L.,:;t.ltuti OU$ vn; ell may dC;lY th~ full pa~tiC;-,pa­ti!Y!'l of ~:;,£~1l i1". (;:t:Lc.:ltiLtlal, ~(.\cial" t!cc..t:.t: .,.i~ :.:.1 ~~')lit.­Jc~1 life o~ den, csuality of opportunity to ~O-4~ to exar­c.i~e thulr b;; 5iC htli'~'.\,.' rirhl::. ~

FollO\tl1"1.g :'1 !:;f!ri~~:; of P!"~{'~'u:~t"nry TI1>?et ih~.5 in E";.!rop~~ Asi • .l and l\orth ~~aric;l, t! wvrkinr; gruup elf parli:; ... t!t.tari;zn!.;· frviil Ct"iO<ld:l, COlotdbia. .1 "'1.b '1:"~,ln.,.~ ~l. x .. ·····i- 1.; (' OC ,...~ ~ • ."..... m·t 1- . T..:i~)-_ V':.::--:iro t- ... .i 1 ~..ka th'" -; LHC. I-, ~ .... br_~ ..... ,:; .... .;.a.~ .. "?:.. .. \..,~~~ a ...... __ .} t ..... ~, • ..r~ ... d: ... " ._.. ." ~) ""'''...... ...1'.; p ~ .... ~

Un"ited Kiug6tJ'::l ~'lld tl'n th".!it(;d $t,tf!!; D~t in ".tokyo en If;).rch 1(~ I 29 ilnd :;0· 1 ~ A .,; 1:: . -. ,. ~. ,", . ill . . --

~u sgr~~~ to p .t.;;n':::;; !. o-r c.cn tlt1ill.UZ .!CL.L';~lt t.es. tt.nt. ~ . . !O!!f!~ to .1.nC'T.~&;!.$e

a~il~·C!'li*;:S Olnd und~t!';tw.d in~ of PUi)ul.nt ion is~ues ~~t!g. pil"tlia\.l~ntt1ri:;41!. ' ~.n· ~ ' ;' •. ' .... _·- .~LLl"! .. ~ ....... · i\'\ .. ". ....... ··':ft- {i"'-'" .·.~ .. ··~ .. ·t .. ~f ,-,<,\"",. '· .. -nt' r-~""11·~'"'-p~"""'O"'{,,-,,, l.-~"" tl-'" 0"' .... ~ .......... ,.. _\' I .. . - ,.~ ~,J' i1"'_ .sC~-U"'."" v ' ... t.,,;., .... ~ \:.:t,_" _ -':.5 ..... . ,..~_.ti. ....... _.~~' l. i.~ a,~ .. . _'1JNo.

d:;.velc)pi'1S an.d d!!velopf!a c-n~t!trit:!!;. Fp"tt'mlost ~on~ th~s~ '\.-~:l"e Fl~+ls far .:til

lnt.~rn~t:t.onal (:r..l1~£C!it!'i;:'?: ttl l:al·;'i~ll·?nt;!!:r:lilS. CO;:lC€t"i!~ \::-.th Ff"Jr1Jl~':.i.on

mId, D~"e:O?'~~f:t -;t71ic.n th~y hop:?d cO'uld b2 h~ld 1.11 Srj L~u~~ in tnt.! s-?CO':ld.

hali of 1979 ..

1):: .. 'f~r;'l~1-: r1i~llb:-Q~k of C."!"t,:HL~ w~s eJect.~d ~~ G;.!n~T ... l SecrQt~rY' ar - the Steerj.nci C{ri~ittE~ 1:0:: th~ G~)nf{! "{!f;'{;~9 ~ch of t:h~ n5.r~~ ~O~lnt-ri1;;S

t:'(!?xes~'t~ted ~t th~ )n; ... yo r-'nt!tln~ ",-tll ~p?oint "'.-Ie pc~b(!7f to eh~ Stci!t"ing C-om:a1.ttec. 1'h~ Stf!er~n~~ COf;i;:'} 1 tte~ wIll hn\,2 th~ i;(.'~ier tP ~~pvint add i­t10(1111 :n>?~b~rf; frv~ (:;th~a:- t:{:IU~tr1C!;. l."1~ St~t!~'ln3 CCmfJ.itte~ .~1l1 ;~ct· fo"t" the &Toug l:nt.il t'h·£~ 19"/9 c~ ... nf~rf:rH':c! 8nd t~~~€! nIl ne~C;'!";~ly (.H"S::tli~utio~1~1. :'«"'ld leg;:1 Btpp~~.

ThE:! pZlrtic:pf!n.ts !ru~ge~tt~:d th:t!: the 1979 conf~rcnc~ :~hculd be car ..... rie-a O~.lt. lindtYc thr~ !~a;.~ {.ln00r!!hip (}! th~ !.:tct' ... J';;~'11c~~nt:iu:y Uni o:-!. :l!'ld in C10!;2 COOp€-'t'».tlon \-1i·t:h thb u.:ltcd l\\1tio:;:; l-'unc for POpilj ;'l~loi1 .t\ct :l.vi ties .. Non-g(jvt!tl1;\)~n t ';"i l ()Tr-:i"lniz-:~~ i i1n~ $\H:n <1S th~ l!ttcrnzl :.:iO:l<11 rl;lrHH~d l":.n;-t!!H:'" honn red~r.:-ltiOt1 !;b),-tld i!1~1) l) ~ <:los~ly as:';Qt.:iatcG, \o:'ith th~ prf.!p~t'{!tiarts. The Cc.n"'lfc~{;ftc~ shQuld invite ~:s uh s (~-:-\.·tirs 1:"\.'1 ~V,2~~t intc:.:g .. -; ... ~('~~~~nt ~11 nf~d n!;1':l"'{;c·v"c!"n~~nt ;2 1 "~E,!!d.Z0t iUfl;: . It: \l~"Jj~ ilt.reed th:li: f'::-~p.l:.·~tOiy ilnd fn~l~,:.,;­u;, ~)~t.i .... .tt-tc;!; \h)t~ld 'he \!;; d~.t~!~-2n :!t th~ t'!!~10n;ll lc\' cl~

_ t

JAMES H. SCHEUER. N.Y., CHAIRMAN

MICHAEL HARRINGTON, MASS. JOHN N. ERLEHBoRH, ILL. CARolSS COLLINS, ILL. PAUL N. MCCLOSKEY, JR., CALI .... STEPHEN L. NEAL, N.C. THOMAS N. KIHONESS. OHIO FREDERICK W. RICHMOND, N.Y. HAROLD C. HOLLENBECK, N.J.

=~J:i~~:=~I::"LIF. DAVESTOCKMAN,MICH. 11.&. J)OU5t of !\tprt5tntattbt5 RICHARD A. GEPHARDT, MO.

~~A~~I~!~~!~~:R. SELECT COMMITTEE ON POPULATION MICHAEL S. TEITELBAUM, STAFF DIRECTOR

THOMAS P. REUTERSHAN, DEPUTY STAFF DIRECTOR/COUNSEL 3587 HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING ANNEX 2

•• bington, •. (t. 20515

SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION

On Wednesday, September 28, 1977, by a vote of 258 to 147, the

U.S. House of Representatives passed a resolution establishing the

Select Committee on Population. House Speaker Thomas P. (Tip) O'Neill

appointed Congressman James H. Scheuer (D.-N.Y.) as Chairman of the

. newly created Select Committee. , Congressman John R. Erlenborn {R.-Ill.}

is the Ranking Minority Member.

The Select Committee will conduct a number of separate ;nvesti~

gations and hearings on various aspects of population problems, in­

cluding:

1) the causes and consequences of rapid population growth in the developing world and its short and long-term implications for America and the world.

2) the ability of developing nations with severely limited resources to provide a decent standard of living for a mushrooming population.

3) the acceptability and safety of available family planning methods.

4) improving the ability of government to plan for slower population growth and fluctuating fertility and age composition.

5) how the U.S. government can best cooperate and assist other nations in solving their own population problems on a voluntary basis, includingappropriate methods to motivate couples to limit family size by improving health and nutrition, jobs and education opportunities and the status of women.

SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION ...... Page 2

6) the epidemic of illegitimate births among American adolescents,and its consequences for individuals and society.

7) the causes and impacts of immigration to the U.S.

8) the improvement of existing methods of contraception the and the development of new and better methods.

The Committee and the Staff are broken down into task forces

paralleling the stated objectives of the Committee. Each task force

will organize Select Committee hearings, prepare reports and make

recommendations to the Congress.

###

,, " j

REMARKS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SEPTEMBER 28, 1977, HIGHLIGHTING THE NEED FOR THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON POPULATION:

HON. MELVIN PRICE (D._ILL.) Chairman, Committee on Armed Services:

liThe degree to which problems created by overpopulation on our planet has risen is in itself adequate reason to create this committee ... I sincerely believe that the time has come to have a select committee, one that can address itself exclusively to population and the problems related to it."

HON. STEPHEN L. NEAL (D.-NORTH CAROLINA): Chairman, Subcommittee on International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy:

"The population problem touches every aspect of our lives. Un­precedented and unplanned population growth and distribution have had

. a staggering impact upon the ability of many nations to cope with some of the basic wants and needs of their citizens."

HON. CLARENCE BROWN (R.-OHIO) Ranking Republican, Energy and Power Subcommittee :

"Even successful population control policies will not mitigate over­night our increasing demand for energy. But those policies can be an

. important part of a long-term approach to energy problems. If that is to be the case, and I hope that it will be, it is important to begfn now.

Current congressional jurisdiction over population-related problems is spread widely throughout our various committees. While it does not quite extend from A to Z, it does go from A (Agriculture) to W (Ways and Means). This select committee, a single forum, with the broadest possible perspective is vital if we are to give this issue the overall study it deserves."

HON. CLAUDE PEPPER (D-FLORIDA), Chairman, Select Committee on Aging:

"(We must) recognize the compelling need to begin developing policies responsive to problems arising from projected changes in our population structure."

James H. Scheuer, N.Y. Chairman

John N. Erlenborn, III. Ranking Minority Member

SELECT COMMITTEE ON POPULATION u.s. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Room 3587, House Office Building Annex 2 Washington, 'D.C. 20515

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Elaine Daniels (202) 225-0563

SCHEUER, ERLENBORN ANNOUNCE TEITELBAUM APPOINTMENT

(202) 225-0542

WASHINGTON, D.C .... Congressman James H. Scheuer (D.-N. Y.), Chainnan .

of the newly created Select Committee on Population and Congressman John N.

Erlenborn (R.-Ill.), Rankin[ Minority Member, announced today the appoint­

ment of Dr. Michael S. Teitelbaum as Staff Director.

Dr. Teitelbaum, a native of St. Louis, Missouri, has been a member

of the faculty of 'Oxford University, and Program Officer in the Population

Office of the Ford Foundation.

In announcing Dr. Teitelbaum's appointment, Congressman Scheuer

said, "The Select Committee ;s fortunate to have an individual with his

talents at our disposal. He is pre-eminently qualified to help us in­

vestigate the causes and consequences of population change."

Accepting the position, Dr. Teitelbaum, a sociologist with an

extensive background in the biological sciences and in demography, re­

marked, "The problems of population, change are closely related to the

well-being of the people of the United States and of virtually every

other country_ The issues are complex and often misunderstood. ' They

affect government policies profoundly, although their impacts are

sometimes not recognized."

•

lINn 11 \1' J ~NHH!l3N !

I Z :01 NV 9l N~r 9161

03Aj303~ .

APPOINTMENT .•. Page 2

Dr. Teitelbaum continued, liThe Select Committee has assembled a

remarkably well-qualified professional staff. Two-thirds hold doctoral

degrees in relevant scientific disciplines and most have been deeply in­

volved in the key issues of population poli cy. I am very much looking

forward to workin.g with the Chairman and Members of the Select Committee

and with its staff."

Deputy Staff Director/Counsel, will be Thomas P. Reutershan, for­

merly Executive Assistant to the Administrator of the Health Services

Administration (HSA), U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

Previously, Mr. Reutershan served in the Office of Secretary. of Health,

Education and Welfare as Deputy Director of the Executive Secretariat.

Mr. Reutershan received his A,S. degree from Georgetown University,

Washington, D.C., in 1964; he received his J.D, degree from the Washington

College of Law, American University, Wastlington, D.C., ion 1971.

Appointed as Assistant Staff Director was Dr. Maris Vinovskis, an

historical demographer from the Uni"versity of Michigan. Dr. Vinovskis

received his ph.D. from Harvard University in 1975 and has been serving

as Associate Professor of History at the University of Michigan and Faculty

Associate at the Center for Political Studies at the Institute for Social

Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

#####

C. W . BILL YOUNG 1m OI.TftlC'f. FLOttIOA

cttongre55 of tbe 'mnittb ~tate5 JlOU5t of lttprt5tntatibt5

ma~bJngton, ~.~. 20515

June 12, 197 8 OISTftICT OI'"P"lCU.

VITI[ .Z7 ""I["".D" eo""""rTT~r: ON

APPROPRIATIONS 144 FI"ST AV£I'iUE. Sovnc

ST. Pnr;"s8VfItG, FI..OftIDA S3~

Sur,..; sot .01 WUT BAY OJlrva

L.vtao. FLOftIDA S~

Honorable David R. Obey 2349 Rayburn Building Washington, D.C. 20515

Dear Dave:

In case you missed World Bank President, Robert McNamara's statement from Japan concerning an upcoming soft loan to Vietnam, I thought I would call it to your attention.

Mr. McNamara says that a $60 million IDA soft loan to Vietnam for construct ion of dams and other water management project will be taken up by the Board of Directors of the Vvorld Bank on July 19th.

This one is just the beginning. There are at least four more soft loans pending for Vietnam at the World Bank amounting to a total of $170 million. You might be interested to know that this $60 million loan started out as a $50 million loan. A soft loan is scheduled for repayment over a 50 year period with nothing to be repaid during the first 10 years and during the remaining 40 years only the principal is scheduled to be repaid. By the way, no interest is charged, only an administra tive charge of less t~an 1%.

The Foreign Aid Appropri ations bill is scheduled to come to the Floor during the week of June 19th. The President requested $1,550,000,000 for IDA this year, which is a 93% increase over last year's appropriation. While the Appro­priations Committee reduced this am ount to $1,230,000,000, this is still an in­crease of 65% over last year's appropriation. Incidentally, the United States has contributed a total of $4.8 billion to IDA which amounts to 30% of all IDA resources.

One last point, on September 30, 1977, in an interview reported by United Press International, Tran Doung, Director of Vietnam's Central Bank, boasted that the United States would pay his country $4.75 billion in war reparations and that it would be accomplished, not directly, but indirectly through IDA of the World Sank. Maybe he knew something we didn't.

With best wishes and personal rega rds , I am

Very truly yours,

c. W. Bill' Young Me mber of Congress

Dear Bill:

Thank you for your letter of June 12 bringing to

my attention Bob McNamara's statempnt in Japan regard-

ing an upcoming IDA loan to Vie tnam .

Although I learned of McNamara's statement at th e w~)

same time you did, neither one of us really ~ surprised

to learn that this particular loan was ~e~~

~As members of the Foreign Operations

Subcommittee, we have had access to the Monthly Operations

Reports of the World Bank Group and we have knowh for

several months that loans to Vietnam were under con-

sid0ration within the Ba nk. In addi~ion , I know that you

r ~c~iv~d a - br ier iny SOl1l0 time ag o on this ma tter .

However, my understanding of the pr o jpect in que stion

is very different from the impression I received in read-

ing your letter. The project, in fact, will help finance

the construction of earthen dams and irrigation works to

benefit 120,000 people with annual incomes of less than

$160. It is not a dam or modern watpr management project

in the sense in which we would normally understand that

description.

So far as possible future loans are concerned, the

Monthly Operations

are other projects at some stage of technica1

~ within ' the Ba nk. At this po i ' it I time, however,

..

~"'7""- • ..".: •• .... . . '",

'" .. "

\79 d a PI at l dJw how man y 0 r w hat pro po r t ion 0 f the s e

pro~ects the Bank staff may ultimately propose for

financing to the Board.

Your statement about the percentage of increase

in this year's appropriations request for IDA ~ also

leaves a somewhat misleading impression. Over time,

u.s. cont~tions to IDA have declined as a percentage ~: '1~ i 11 31r>J~ v

of the totalhand other countries have increased their

contributions proportionately. As you well know, this

year's request is an unusual doubling up of two ins tallments

by the United States which includes amounts which were

committed to IDA by the previous Administration under

international agreement.

Regarding your last point, whatever statements may

be made by Vietnamese officials, the U.S. Government has

made clear that it does not have any obligation or commitment

to provide reparations or economic assistance to Vietnam.

I have sought and received assurance that the reported inter ­

view by Tran Doung of September 30, 1977 has no connection

whatsoever with U.S. Government policy on this matter. In

any event, the possibility that U.S. contributions to ' IDA

could be used indirectly to meet the figure you ment~oned

in your letter is extremely remote. Given the number of

countries eligible l~IDA lending, it would ~es before 8 ~-+o b~ad IDA lending to Vietnam could even/approach the leve l you

mention.

... #" •

i '

3

One last point. As you will recall, the Congress

enacted legislation last year to instruct the U.S.

Executive Directors in the international development

banks to oppose loans to countries which are found

to engage in a con~istent pattern of gross violations

of human rights. That provision woul~ of course,

apply to countries such as Vietnam.

With best wishes and personal regards,

Sincerely,

r ,

• 1i.

C. W. SILL YOUNG enc Dc•T~.cr. Fl.OfiiOA

QCongrcss of tue ~nitco ~tates }!)oust of l~rpresentatibes

Ula.s'flington, 15l.<t. 20315

June 12, 197 8 OIST!tiCT OI'T1CUt

SUIT( fS2.7 co,. ... ITTE.E ~

APPROPRIATIONS 14-' FI"ST AV£1-<u ::: , Sot:r

ST. PETE"savi'OG, F~..c" :PA

Surr£ 6~

801 WUT fj" y D•rvr L~. F~IOA 3 :S?l.(f"

Honorable David R. Obey 234 9 Rayburn Building Washington, D.C. 20515

DeR.r Dave:

In case you missed \Yorld Bank President, Robert rvlcNamara's statement from Japan concerning an upcoming soft loan to Vietnam, I thought I would call it to your n t ten tion.

J\1r. i\! cN nrna ra says that a $60 million IDA soft lonn to Vietnam for constructi on of d8rns a nd other v·:ater mnnngemcnt projects will be taken up by th e Board of Directors of the World Bank on July 19th.

This one is just the begin~ing. There arc at 1eust four more soft loans pcnrling for Vietnam at the World Bank amounting to a total of $170 million. You might be in terested to kno\N that this $60 million loan started out as a $50 million loan. A soft lonn is scheciuled for repayment over a ;--,o ye ar period with nothing to be repaid during the first 10 years and during the remn ining 40 years only the pri nei pnl is scl1cdu1 cd to be rcpn i d. By the ~rv ny , no i nt crest i s chn r·gcd , only an administrative charge of less t han l%.

T'hc Foreign /\ i d Approprin tions bill is scheduled to corn c to the Floor during the \Neek of June 19th. The President rc q! Iested $1,~50 1 000,000 for IDA this ye2r , v.;hich is a 93% incrense over last ycnr's appropriation. While the Appro­printions Committee rcouecd this nm ount to $1,230,000,000, thi s is still an in­crease of 65% over last year's approprintion. Incidentally, the United States h:ls contributed n total of $4.8 billion t0 IDA vvhich nmounts to 30'/0 of all 1DA resources.

One last point , on September 30, 1977, in an interview reported by United Press International, Tran Doung, Director of Vietnam's Central Bank, boasted that the United States would pay his country $4.75 billion in war repn.rations and that it would be accomplished, not directly, but indirectly through IDA of the World Bank. ~.1aybe he knew something \\7 e didn't.

With best wishes and personn1 regnrds , 1 n.rn

Very truly yours,

t t. W. Hill Young r,1 ember of Congress

Dear Bill:

Thank you for your letter of June 12 bringing to

my attention Bob McNamilra's 6tatem~nt in Japan regard-

ing an upcoming IDA loan to Vietnam.

Although I learned of McNamara's stat~ment at th e WU)

same time you did, neither one of us really ~e surprised

tole a rn t hat t his par tic u 1 a r loa n w a ~ pen din g 0' C::OAs members of the ForeIgr:;-c;~erations

Subcommittee, we have had access to the Monthly Operations

Reports of the World Bank Group and we have known fcir

several months th a t loans to Vietnam were under con-

sid 0 rat ion wit h i n th e Ban k . I n add i t i () n , I k no \v t hat you

r~ceiveJ a - br iefin(j sonIc time d(j O on this ma tte r .

However, my understanding of the pr o jtect in qu e stion

is very different from th e impression I received in read-

in 9 yo urI e t t e r • r.I.'h e pro j e c t lin fa c t, w i 11 he 1 p fin an c e

the construction of earthen dams and irrigation works to

benefit 120,000 people with annual incomes of less than

$160. It is not a dam or modern watpr management project

in the sense in which we would normally understand . that

description.

So far as possible future loans are concerned, the

Monthly Operations Report clearly indicates that there

are other projects at some stage of technical ~:-:!:. . :;.

~ within ' the Bank. At this ~oi I' i I time, however,

'. '-.. "

~'i de" (i , k iJw h 0 IN man y 0 r w hat pro p 0 r t ion 0 f the s e

pro~ects the Bank staff may ultimately propose for

finahcing to the Board.

Your statement about the percentage of increusc

in this year's appropriations request for lDA ~ also

' leaves a somewhat misleading impression. Over time,

u.s. conE~tions to IDA have declined as a percentage ~: tf '3 i .ft 31 0; ~ v

of the totalJand other countries have increased their

contributions proportionately. As you well know, this

yearts request is an unusual doubling up of two in s tallments

by the United States which includes amounts which were

committed to IDA by the previous Administration under

international agreement.

Regarding your last point, whatever statements may

be made by Vietnamese officials, the U.S. Government has

made clear that it does not have any obligation or commitment

to provide reparations or economic assistance to Vietnam. '

I have sought and received assurance that the reported inter -

view by Tran Doung of September 30, 1977 has no connection

whatsoever with U.S. Government policy on this matter. In

any event, the possibility that U.S. contributions to ' IDA

could be used indirectly to meet the figure you ment~oned

in your letter is extremely remote. Given the number of

countries eligible l~IDA lending, it would ~es before 8 ~-N b~ad IDA lending to Vietnam could even/approach the level you

mention.

3

One last point. As you will recall, the Congress

enacted legislation last year to instruct the U.S.

Executive Directors in the international development

banks to oppose loans to countries which are found

to engage in a consistent pattern of gross violations

of human rights. That provision woul~ of course,

apply to countries such as Vietnam.

With best wishes and personal regards,

Sincerely,

!

...